首部军人心理健康教育教材创编思想和特点

目的：为保障部队官兵心理健康，提高军人军政心理素质，为进一步做好军人心理健康工作提供科学依据。方法：根据作者10多年的健康教育实践经验，深入部队调查研究。在上级关怀指导下编撰而成。结果：首部《军人心理健康教育教材》具有如下创编特点；（1）将开拓创新的先进性与缜密考证的科学性相结合；（2）将人类心理活动规律的普遍性与军人个性特点相结合；（3）将知识的系统性，逻辑性与现实的针对性，实用性相结合；（4）将陌生深奥的理论与熟悉生动的例子和语言表达相结合。结论：我军的首部《军人心理健康教育教材》已于2001年12月下发全军各部队，对促进部队心理健康教育工作将起积极作用。     

部队心理健康教育现状及对策

目的了解部队心理健康教育现状,加强心理健康教育,提高官兵的心理素质。方法深入部队了解情况、心理测查并结合检索相关文章进行总结。结果部队官兵心理问题发生率为14.0%;部队心理健康教育还在起步阶段,需要进一步完善和加强。针对部队的特点和存在的问题,提出相应的对策:(1)培养专业人才与普及心理知识;(2)搞好各相关部门协调;(3)建立官兵心理测评档案;(4)加强军事应激训练,提高官兵的心理素质;(5)结合部队的实际情况进行心理健康教育。结论心理健康教育是提高军人心理素质,减少军事应激的重要措施。     

某基层部队搞好心理健康教育的几点做法

目的：指导部队做好心理疏导和咨询工作，保证部队官兵身心健康。方法：从加强机构建设入手，重点培养心理疏导和咨询的技术人员，同时健全组织，加强领导，将心理疏导工作与思想政治工作有机结合。结果：官兵心理干预率达90％，官兵心理问题发生率明显降低，心理素质明显增强。结论：加强心理咨询机构建设，培养心理健康教育骨干，并且把心理健康教育与思想政治工作有机结合，是做好部队心理健康教育的关键。     

某军校开展心理教育与心理咨询工作的体会

目的：做好部队心理教育和心理咨询工作，提高官兵心理素质。方法：（1）主要采取了加强领导，组织工作产到位；（2）着眼特点，教育途径广泛多样；（3）培养骨干，目标管理扎实有效。结果：官兵的心理素质有了很大的提高，因心理问题影响学习和训练的情况得到了有效地控制，同时在学术研究上取得了一定的成果，先后在多种刊物上发表学术文章10余篇，还编写了《军人心理百问》，《驻港澳军人心理知识读本》两本教材，结论：心理教育和心理咨询符合官兵素质教育要求和工作，学习，训练需要，必须常抓不懈。     

韶关市乡镇卫生院医生培训效果评价

目的:评价韶关市乡镇卫生院医生参与社区全科医师岗位培训、乡镇卫生院骨干医生提高班培训、进修培训和短期专题培训等四类培训的效果.方法:依据Kirkpatrick四维评估模型设计基层医师培训效果评价问卷,对韶关市8个县(市、区)的35个乡镇卫生院的所有在班医生进行问卷调查.结果:四种培训均可有效提高医生的工作胜任力、知识、技能和反应性水平,其中医院进修效果最好,全科医师培训效果最差.结论:社区全科医师岗位培训在师资水平、组织实施等方面亟待改善；医院进修培训应加强反应性理念的灌输；乡镇卫生院骨干医生提高班的课程设置实用性和针对性值得借鉴；短期专题培训应增加操作技能培训的内容.     

医院感染管理专业人员应具备哪些业务知识-《医院感染管理专业人员岗位培训指南》解读

针对医院感染专业人员学历教育中缺乏医院感染知识教育,根据医院感染管理办法的要求,制定了医院感染专业人员岗位培训指南;该指南适用于医院感染专业人员的岗位知识规范化培训,以使其了解医院感染相关政策,掌握医院感染预防与控制工作的专业知识与技能为目标;指南从卫生计生行政部门与医疗机构在培训中的职责,培训机构应具备的条件和分阶段培训等四个方面提出具体要求;岗位知识培训分为三个阶段,分别是基础培训、实践培训与提高培训,理论与实践相结合,基础与临床相结合,培训方式多样化,考核合格发证。     

某基层部队开展心理健康教育工作的体会

目的 探索基层部队开展心理健康教育的经验,指导部队更好地开展心理健康教育工作,确保基层官兵的身心健康。方法 结合部队实际,进行回顾性总结．结果总结出4点做法和体会：(1)领导重视,组织措施得力;(2)突出部队特点,科学设置内容;(3)遵循心理健康教育特点,建立完善的教育机制;(4)立足心理健康教育质量,狠抓骨干素质培养。通过以上措施,使官兵的心理卫生知识和心理素质有了很大提高,保障了部队各项任务的顺利完成。结论 总结出的做法和经验,对于基层部队正确开展心理健康教育,改善和提高部队官兵的心理健康水平,保障和提高部队战斗力具有重要意义。     

某部心理健康状况及其影响因素研究

目的：调查分析某部心理健康状况及相关影响因素。方法：采用SCL-90症状自评量表对某部军人进行调查，将结果与地方常模、军人常模的SCL-90因子分进行比较；对不同兵源、类别的军人SCL-90因子分进行比较。结果：①某部军人在心理健康状况优于军人常模；在敌对、恐怖、精神病性和其他症状等因子上与地方常模没有显著性差别，而在人际关系敏感、忧郁、焦虑、偏执等因子上优于地方常模，其心理健康问题主要表现为躯体化症状上；②不同兵源心理健康状况无明显差异；③部队的军人心理健康状况明显优于部队。结论：某部军人心理健康状况总体正常，心理问题主要表现在躯体化症状，应加强针对性的心理健康训练。     

急诊科护士在职教育初探

为了适应现代急诊医学发展的需要，提高抢救质量，迅速提高急诊护理队伍素质已是一项刻不容缓的任务。而在职教育是一条有效的途径。针对科室护士现状，采取了四个结合的培训方法，即打实基础与更新知识结合；理论学习与应急训练结合；送出去学习与请进来授课结合；培训与考核相结合。提高了护士学习的自觉性，使护士的职业素质和抢救水平都有了较大的提高。     

关于加强部队心理健康教育的几点建议

目的了解当前部队官兵心理问题状况和心理健康教育工作的薄弱环节,听取各级对加强心理健康教育的建议,进一步做好部队心理健康教育工作。方法与部队领导、带兵干部座谈,了解情况,分析问题,探讨对策。结果总结并提出加强部队心理健康教育的建议:(1)各级党委要高度重视心理健康教育工作,加强组织领导。(2)健康教育中加大心理健康教育比例,确保教育效果落实。(3)改进心理骨干培训方式,提高培训效果。(4)充分发挥疾控中心和后方医院专家团队的作用,提高心理健康教育质量。(5)建立健全官兵心理卫生服务档案,把握住心理健康教育的关键环节。结论对部队官兵心理问题进行深入研究,找出产生心理问题的原因;改进部队心理健康教育方法,提高服务效果;增强基层干部和带兵骨干发现心理问题、解决心理问题的能力,对提升和保障部队战斗力具有重要意义。     

Calcium intake in the elderly: validation of a dietary questionnaire

Epidemiological studies of calcium and osteoporosis have been hampered by the lack of a suitable tool for assessing calcium intake. This report describes a new frequency and amount questionnaire for measuring present and past calcium intake in the elderly. The validity of the questionnaire was tested against two commonly used standards of dietary assessment, five-day duplicate diets and seven-day weighed dietary inventories. The resulting correlation coefficients were, respectively, r = 0.76 and r = 0.69, while that for repeatability was r = 0.84. Furthermore, the questionnaire categorized subjects into thirds of the distribution of intake with almost no gross misclassification. It is suggested that the present findings may be extended to the majority of normal, healthy elderly subjects, implying wide application for the questionnaire in the assessment of calcium intake in the elderly.     

The human drama of genetics: 'hard' and 'soft' media representations of inherited breast cancer

This paper examines media coverage of 'breast cancer genetics', and explores its implications for public understanding. We present a content analysis of coverage in British newspapers and look at a variety of popular forms, including women's magazines, television soap opera and radio drama. Genetic/inherited risk receives a great deal of coverage across a wide range of media formats and outlets. Much of this attention has focused on individuals from 'high risk families' and dilemmas around prophylactic mastectomies. Through examining media coverage, combined with interviews with media personnel and their sources, we show why this story proved so attractive to the media and highlight the different production values which influence coverage. Finally, we introduce preliminary findings from focus group discussions to demonstrate how such 'human interest' framing has engaged audience attention and influenced public understandings. The paper concludes by highlighting the implications for analysing, predicting, and engaging with, media representations of science.     

The occurrence of antimicrobial substances in toilet,sink and shower drainpipes of clinical units: A neglected source of antibiotic residues

Antibiotics represent one of the most important drug groups used in the management of bacterial infections in humans and animals. Due to the increasing problem of antibiotic resistance, assurance of the antibacterial effectiveness of these substances has moved into the focus of public health. The reduction in antibiotic residues in wastewater and the environment may play a decisive role in the development of increasing rates of antibiotic resistance. The present study examines the wastewater of 31 patient rooms of various German clinics for possible residues of antibiotics, as well as the wastewater of five private households as a reference.To the best of our knowledge, this study shows for the first time that in hospitals with high antibiotic consumption rates, residues of these drugs can be regularly detected in toilets, sink siphons and shower drains at concentrations ranging from 0.02?μg·L^?1 to a maximum of 79?mg·L^?1. After complete flushing of the wastewater siphons, antibiotics are no longer detectable, but after temporal stagnation, the concentration of the active substances in the water phases of respective siphons increases again, suggesting that antibiotics persist through the washing process in biofilms. This study demonstrates that clinical wastewater systems offer further possibilities for the optimization of antibiotic resistance surveillance.     

Worker education in the primary prevention of occupational dermatoses

This paper reports the evaluation of a skin care education programmeconducted on a fine chemicals manufacturing site where over1,000 employees are located. Approximately 60% are involvedin chemical manufacture. Over a 12 month period production staffreceived training in prevention of occupational dermatoses linkedto a site-wide poster initiative. The incidence of new casesof occupational dermatoses fell from 0.055 (70 cases in 1,277employees) to 0.021 (27 cases in 1,277 employees) before andafter the intervention respectively (p<0.0001). After otherfactors such as chemicals handled, observer bias and changesin reporting related to socioeconomic climate were taken intoaccount it is concluded that this study demonstrates the importanceof worker education as a tool for primary prevention of disease.Training materials such as video and poster presentations maybe effectively used in the chemical manufacturing industry asan adjunct to prevention and control of exposure to substanceshazardous to the skin. Such methods may also be used in otherindustries where there are significant risks of dermatoses.     

Regional Variation in Travel-related Illness acquired in Africa,March 1997–May 2011

To understand geographic variation in travel-related illness acquired in distinct African regions, we used the GeoSentinel Surveillance Network database to analyze records for 16,893 ill travelers returning from Africa over a 14-year period. Travelers to northern Africa most commonly reported gastrointestinal illnesses and dog bites. Febrile illnesses were more common in travelers returning from sub-Saharan countries. Eleven travelers died, 9 of malaria; these deaths occurred mainly among male business travelers to sub-Saharan Africa. The profile of illness varied substantially by region: malaria predominated in travelers returning from Central and Western Africa; schistosomiasis, strongyloidiasis, and dengue from Eastern and Western Africa; and loaisis from Central Africa. There were few reports of vaccine-preventable infections, HIV infection, and tuberculosis. Geographic profiling of illness acquired during travel to Africa guides targeted pretravel advice, expedites diagnosis in ill returning travelers, and may influence destination choices in tourism.     

Self-reported health problems among Swedish miners one year after unemployment

Unemployment is considered to be a public health concern sincedeterioration in the health of the unemployed is often anticipated.However, for some groups, such as miners, unemployment mightimprove health due to a cessation of potentially harmful occupationalexposures. This study evaluates the health of 79 miners in oneSwedish iron-ore mine, and 226 age-matched controls from thegeneral population, during one year after the closure of themine. The participants received a questionnaire regarding medicalhistory and subjective symptoms at the beginning of the studyperiod, and after one year. Statistically significant negativeeffects on self-reported health attributable to unemploymentwere not found, although neuropsychiatric symptoms were morecommon among the unemployed miners. The miners reported a statisticallysignificant improvement in grip force (p=0.031). They had asignificantly higher prevalence of symptoms associated withmining related exposures when compared with the population controls;pain in the upper extremities [relative risk (RR)=2.27, 95%confidence interval (Cl)=1.44–3.59), back pain (RR=1.84;Cl=1.237–2.75), vasospastic disease of the fingers (RR=2.05;Cl=1.18–3.57) and obstructive respiratory symptoms (attacksof dyspnea and wheezing: RR=3.67; Cl=1.167–11.6).     

Excès de cas humains et animaux de tularémie en France au cours de l’hiver 2007–2008 : émergence ou phénomène isolé ?

Context

Tularemia is a zoonosis affecting humans and hares in France. We describe the results of surveillance in both species, in 2007 and 2008.

Methods

Human tularemia cases are mandatorily notifiable in France since 2003. In hares, surveillance relies on volunteer hunter associations in all districts of the country. Data from mandatory reports and volunteer surveillance in 2007/2008 were analyzed and compared with previous results.

Results

In 2007/2008, 144 cases were reported in humans and 117 cases in hares. This was a 100% increase compared to previous years. Human cases differed from those of previous years only by the frequency of contact with breeding animals. Human cases without any documented risk exposure were also more frequent.

Conclusion

An increase of tularemia cases occurred in 2007/2008 in both species. Complementary studies are needed to identify the species reservoir in France to understand the causes of this peak of cases.     

深圳公立医院管理体制改革制度设计

深圳公立医院管理体制改革实行政事分开、管办分开,在理事会架构下按法定机构模式组建市医管中心,落实公立医院运营管理自主权.作者从当前公立医院管理体制的弊端入手,介绍了深圳市进行公立医院管理体制改革的基本思路及改革方案设计的主要举措,深入剖析了的改革方案的特点,并对改革效果进行了预测.     

Effects of nitrogen dioxide on red blood cells of rats: Changes in components of red cell membranes during in vivo exposure to NO2

Red cell membranes, prepared from red blood cells of rats exposed to 4, 10, or 20 ppm nitrogen dioxide (NO₂) for 1 to 10 days, were examined for evidence of changes in membrane components. Appreciable changes were not found in contents of phospholipid and cholesterol during exposure to 10 ppm NO₂. By contrast, protein content altered with the time of exposure. Moreover, changes in protein composition were observed by employing sodium dodecyl sulfate — polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Twenty-four-hour exposure to NO₂ at the concentration above 10 ppm resulted in a marked increase in the percentage of lysophosphatidylethanolamine (LysoPE) to the total phospholipids. The prolonged exposure to 10 ppm NO₂ gave rise to a further increase in LysoPE, whereas the percentage of phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) showed a gradual decrease. A 1-day exposure to 4.0 ppm NO₂ also caused an increase in sialic acid content and decreases in those of PE and hexose. In addition to contents of these components the percentage of LysoPE increased 5 days after exposure and the elevated values were maintained up to the end of exposure period. These results demonstrate that red blood cells in circulation exhibit different membrane properties in terms of lipid and carbohydrate composition during 10 days of exposure to 4.0 ppm NO₂.