冠状动脉支架术对血小板激活因子干预作用的观察

 目的观察急性冠状动脉综合征患者在常规治疗及常规治疗+冠状动脉支架术治疗后的血浆血小板激活因子水平含量的变化,了解冠状动脉支架术对血浆内血小板激活因子(PAF)的干预作用,探讨拮抗PAF的临床对策.方法观察急性冠状动脉综合征(ACS)冠状动脉支架术组(26例)于支架术前、术后24h及术后1周血浆PAF含量的动态变化,并与经临床常规治疗未置入支架的同类患者的血浆PAF水平进行对比.测定正常对照组(32例),男20例,女12例,年龄(60.2±6.8)岁及稳定型心绞痛组(SA)组(31例)男19例,女12例,年龄(62.3±5.9)岁,血浆PAF水平的含量,并与ACS未置入支架的患者血浆PAF水平对比.结果①ACS患者血浆PAF含量平均为(289±66)μg/L,明显高于正常对照组(P＜0.05)及SA组(P＜0.05);②冠状动脉支架术后24h血浆PAF含量平均为(372±96)μg/L,明显高于其他各组(P＜0.05);③支架术后1周PAF含量下降为(210±41)μg/L,明显低于常规治疗组(P＜0.05),但仍高于正常人群水平.结论冠状动脉支架术有可能因内皮损伤与手术激惹,激活白细胞与血管内皮细胞过度分泌PAF而导致的高凝状态与"过度炎性反应"情况的存在.对准备接受冠状动脉支架术的患者,术前应充分做好拮抗PAF的准备,可减少手术激惹及组织损伤,从而减少导致PAF增加的因素.     

64层CT冠状动脉成像对急性胸痛病人治疗的作用:两中心的前瞻性研究

正摘要目的本项两中心的前瞻性研究是针对因低到中度危险评分到急诊科(ED)就诊的急性冠状动脉综合征(ACS)病人,评价采用64层CT冠状动脉成像(CCT)检查排除其显著冠状动脉狭窄的作用。方法175例因急性胸痛(ACP)入院且心电图未见异常,首次肌钙蛋白测量值为正常范围的病人被纳入研究     

冠状动脉介入治疗并发冠状动脉穿孔5例报告

冠状动脉穿孔是冠状动脉介入治疗(PCI)少见的并发症,可导致急性心脏压塞、急性心肌梗死甚至死亡。我院行PCI后并发冠状动脉穿孔的有5例,现报道如下。     

急性冠状动脉综合征的现代治疗

急性冠状动脉综合征（Acrte coronary syndrome,ACS）是由于不稳定斑块的破裂,引起冠状动脉内血栓形成所致心肌缺血的一组进展性疾病谱。因为ACS发病急、病情变化快、病死率高,但可救治,所以ACS已成为当今心血管研究领域的热点之一。ACS可分为ST段持续抬高及无ST段抬高两类,前者大部分发展为ST段抬高的急性心肌梗死（ST-elevation myocardhal infarction,STEMI）,     

冠状动脉粥样硬化斑块稳定性评价的影像学进展

急性冠状动脉综合征(acute coronary syndromes,ACS)包括不稳定心绞痛、急性心肌梗死和心源性猝死,是导致冠心病患者死亡的主要因素.目前认为,60%～70 %的ACS患者发病前冠状动脉病变并不严重,其发生原因主要是由于冠状动脉粥样硬化斑块破裂或裂隙形成,导致血栓形成和血管收缩[1].因此,对斑块稳定性的显像研究成为目前倍受关注的热点,以求早期采取必要的措施控制动脉粥样硬化的进一步发展,从而提高患者的生存质量.笔者综述各种影像技术在冠状动脉斑块诊断中的优势和不足,尤其是评估斑块稳定性的敏感检查方法及各种影响因素.     

急性心肌梗死多层螺旋CT心肌灌注和冠状动脉造影的实验研究

目的　应用多层螺旋CT(MSCT)心肌灌注研究急性心肌缺血和梗死的灌注特点 ,探索MSCT冠状动脉造影对冠状动脉阻断的显示情况。方法　健康杂种犬 9只 ,于左冠状动脉前降支结扎前及结扎后 30min、和 1、2、4、6、8h不同时间分别行MSCT心肌灌注扫描 ,分析心肌在不同时期的灌注特点 ,并与病理检查结果对照。同时于左冠状动脉前降支结扎前及结扎后行MSCT冠状动脉造影 ,观察冠状动脉阻断的情况。结果　犬心肌正常灌注量为 (6 9 3± 13 9)ml·10 0 g-1·min-1、达峰值时间为 (12 8± 2 1)s。左冠状动脉前降支结扎 30min后MSCT心肌灌注表现为灌注量减低 ,为(2 5 2± 3 4 )ml·10 0 g -1·min-1,时间 密度曲线低平 ,延迟 10min扫描左冠状动脉前降支供血区心肌密度为 (6 7 1± 11 4 )HU ,与正常心肌密度 (44 9± 2 2 0 )HU比较差异无显著性意义 (P >0 .0 5 )。左冠状动脉前降支结扎 4h后 ,局部心肌呈明显延迟增强 ,为 (82 1± 15 2 )HU。 9只犬MSCT冠状动脉造影均显示结扎处左冠状动脉前降支中断。结论　MSCT心肌灌注结合冠状动脉造影可以判断心肌缺血和梗死 ,同时显示冠状动脉的阻塞状况。     

冠状动脉CT血管成像在急性冠状动脉综合征中的应用进展

对于疑诊急性冠状动脉综合征(ACS)患者, 当肌钙蛋白和/或心电图不能明确诊断且患者有中低度可能为冠心病时, 欧洲指南推荐(Ⅰ类)用冠状动脉CT血管成像(CCTA)来排除ACS。CCTA除了可以显示病变的狭窄、位置等解剖信息, 还可定量分析斑块信息和冠状动脉周围脂肪密度, 提供血流储备分数等功能学信息, 在ACS中的应用日趋广泛。本文综述CCTA在优化可疑ACS的诊疗路径、诊断ACS、预测ACS患者预后的研究进展, 并展望未来冠状动脉CT血管成像在ACS中应用的科研方向。     

急性冠状动脉综合征血脂水平变化的观察

急性冠状动脉综合征 (ＡＣＳ)病人 (包括急性心肌梗死和不稳定心绞痛病人 )的血脂在急性期可能暂时下降[3,5] ,从而掩盖血脂的真实水平。若按照此时的血脂水平治疗 ,则有可能低估病情的严重程度。为此 ,2 0 0 0年 6月～ 2 0 0 1年 8月 ,我们对住我院ＡＣＳ病人不同阶段的血脂水平进行了检测 ,以便为治疗提供依据。1　对象和方法1 1　对象　 5 5例中 ,男 30例 ,女 2 5例 ;年龄 35～75岁。急性心肌梗死 (ＡＭＩ) 2 6例 ,不稳定性心绞痛(ＵＡＰ) 2 9例。诊断均符合ＷＨＯ标准[3] 。ＡＭＩ中下壁 13例 ,前壁 9例 ,非Ｑ波心肌梗死 2例。所有入选…     

微小核糖核酸-590与急性冠状动脉综合征介入术后1年内支架内再狭窄的关系

目的 探讨微小核糖核酸-590(miR-590)与急性冠状动脉综合征(ACS)患者经皮冠状动脉介入治疗(PCI)术后1年内支架内再狭窄(ISR)的关系.方法 选取2018年2月至2020年1月在重庆市人民医院接受PCI治疗的452例ACS患者作为研究对象.根据术后1年内是否发生ISR,分为ISR组(n=51)和非ISR...     

比较急性胸痛非洲裔美国人和白种人冠状动脉粥样硬化的冠状动脉CTA表现特征

目的利用冠状动脉CT血管成像(CTA)比较研究急性胸痛的非洲裔美国人和白种人之间的动脉粥样硬化斑块病变的发生率、程度与成分。材料与方法本回顾性研究符     

Non-invasive assessment of coronary artery geometry using coronary CTA

AimTo assess the association of coronary artery geometry with the severity of coronary artery disease (CAD).Methods73 asymptomatic individuals at increased risk of CAD due to peripheral vascular disease (18 women, mean age 63.5 ± 8.2 years) underwent coronary computed tomography angiography (coronary CTA) using first generation dual-source CT. Curvature and tortuosity of the coronary arteries were quantified using semi-automatically generated centerlines. Measurements were performed for individual segments and for the entire artery. Coronary segments were labeled according to the presence of significant stenosis, defined as >70% luminal narrowing, and the presence of plaque. Comparisons were made by segment and by artery, using linear mixed models.ResultsOverall, median curvature and tortuosity were, respectively, 0.094 [0.071; 0.120] and 1.080 [1.040; 1.120] on a per-segment level, and 0.096 [0.078; 0.118] and 1.175 [1.090; 1.420] on a per-artery level. Curvature was associated with significant stenosis at a per-segment (p < 0.001) and per-artery level (p = 0.002). Curvature was 16.7% higher for segments with stenosis, and 13.8% higher for arteries with stenosis. Tortuosity was associated with significant stenosis only at the per-segment level (p = 0.002). Curvature was related to the presence of plaque at the per-segment (p < 0.001) and per-artery level (p < 0.001), tortuosity was only related to plaque at the per-segment level (p < 0.001).ConclusionCoronary artery geometry as derived from coronary CTA is related to the presence of plaque and significant stenosis.     

Influence of coronary dominance on coronary artery calcification burden

ObjectiveTo evaluate the influence of coronary artery dominance on observed coronary artery calcification burden in outpatients presenting for coronary computed tomography angiography (CCTA).MethodsA 12-month retrospective review was performed of all CCTAs at a single institution. Coronary arterial dominance, Agatston score and presence or absence of cardiovascular risk factors including hypertension (HTN), hyperlipidemia (HLD), diabetes and smoking were recorded. Dominance groups were compared in terms of calcium score adjusted for covariates using analysis of covariance based on ranks. Only covariates observed to be significant independent predictors of the relevant outcome were included in each analysis. All statistical tests were conducted at the two-sided 5% significance level.Results1223 individuals, 618 women and 605 men were included, mean age 60 years (24–93 years). Right coronary dominance was observed in 91.7% (n = 1109), left dominance in 8% (n = 98), and codominance in 1.3% (n = 16). The distribution of patients among Agatston score severity categories significantly differed between codominant and left (p = 0.008), and codominant and right (p = 0.022) groups, with higher prevalence of either zero or severe CAC in the codominant patients. There was no significant difference in Agatston score between dominance groups. In the subset of individuals with coronary artery calcification, Agatston score was significantly higher in codominant versus left dominant patients (mean Agatston score 595 ± 520 vs. mean 289 ± 607, respectively; p = 0.049), with a trend towards higher scores in comparison to the right-dominant group (p = 0.093). Significance was not maintained upon adjustment for covariates.ConclusionsWhile the distribution of Agatston score severity categories differed in codominant versus right- or left-dominant patients, there was no significant difference in Agatston score based on coronary dominance pattern in our cohort. Reporting and inclusion of codominant subsets in larger investigations may elucidate whether codominant anatomy is associated with differing risk.     

双源CT冠脉成像在冠脉狭窄诊断中的价值

价节段达到94.98%(625/658),图像优良率95.52%(597/625).DSCT诊断冠状动脉狭窄的敏感性、特异性、阳性预测值及阴性预测值分别为91.8%、98.3%、94.4%、97.5%,其中对左主干、左前降支及右冠状动脉的敏感性及特异性达到95%,对角支、左回旋支分支及有冠状动脉远端的诊断敏感性有所下降,分别为86.0%、71.4%、76.9%.结论 在不控制心率的情况下,DSCT诊断冠脉狭窄安全可靠,可广泛用于冠心病患者的筛查、冠状动脉手术/支架术前评估及术后随访.     

Relationship of epicardial fat volume to coronary plaque,severe coronary stenosis,and high-risk coronary plaque features assessed by coronary CT angiography

BackgroundAssociations of epicardial fat volume (EFV) measured on noncontrast cardiac CT (NCT) include coronary plaque, myocardial ischemia, and adverse cardiac events.ObjectivesThis study aimed to define the relationship of EFV to coronary plaque type, severe coronary stenosis, and the presence of high-risk plaque features (HRPFs).MethodsWe retrospectively evaluated 402 consecutive patients, with no prior history of coronary artery disease, who underwent same day NCT and coronary CT angiography (CTA). EFV was measured on NCT with the use of validated, semiautomated software. The coronary arteries were evaluated for coronary plaque type (calcified [CP], noncalcified [NCP], or partially calcified [PCP]) and coronary stenosis severity ≥70% with the use of coronary CTA. For patients with NCP and PCP, 2 high-risk plaque features were evaluated: low-attenuation plaque and positive remodeling.ResultsThere were 402 patients with a median age of 66 years (range, 23–92 years) of whom 226 (56%) were men. The EFV was greater in patients with CP (112 ± 55 cm³ vs 89 ± 39 cm³), PCP (110 ± 57 cm³ vs 98 ± 45 cm³), and NCP (115 ± 44 cm³ vs EFV 100 ± 52 cm³). In the 192 patients with PCP or NCP, on multivariable analysis, after adjusting for conventional cardiovascular risk factors, EFV was an independent predictor of ≥70% coronary artery stenosis (odds ratio [OR], 3.0; 95% CI, 1.3–6.6; P = 0.008), any high-risk plaque features (OR, 1.7; 95% CI, 0.9–3.4; P = 0.04), and low attention plaque (OR, 2.4; 95% CI, 1.1–5.1; P = 0.02) but not of positive remodeling.ConclusionsEFV is greater in patients with CP, PCP, and NCP. In patients with NCP and PCP, EFV is significantly associated with severe coronary stenosis, high-risk plaque features, and low attenuation plaque.     

冠心病患者冠状动脉侧支循环形成的形态学特点分析

目的:分析国人冠状动脉侧支循环的形态学特点。方法:将265例冠心病病人的冠状动脉造影结果进行分析,按Levin的方法进行分类,并与之比较。结果:不同狭窄程度两组间侧支循环开放率差别有高度统计学意义(X2=14.43,P<0.001)。三支血管间侧支循环开放率差别均有统计学意义(X2=3.96,X2=4.28,P<0.05)。东、西方组冠状动脉各支病变的侧支分布的比较差别有高度统计学意义(右冠状动脉X2=9.68,P<0.01;左冠状动脉X2=41.73,P<0.001;左冠状动脉旋支X2=8.54,P<0.01。结论:冠状动脉侧支循环的形成与冠状动脉狭窄程度及病变血管有关。中国人的冠状动脉侧支循环具有独特性。     

CT冠状动脉成像在冠心病诊断中的应用

目的:研究CT冠状动脉成像在冠心病早期诊断冠状动脉狭窄定性定量判读的作用。方法:对34例临床未发生急性冠脉综合征的冠心病患者,先后进行冠状动脉造影、128排双源CT冠状动脉成像。以冠状动脉造影为"金标准",计算CT冠状动脉成像敏感性、特异性、阳性预测值、阴性预测值。结果:①与冠状动脉造影相比,CT冠状动脉成像的敏感性为68%,特异性为97%,阳性预测值为89%,阴性预测值为90%。②CT冠状动脉成像有65个血管段图像质量差,约占12%,造成图像质量差的原因主要为钙化,心跳、呼吸伪影,少部分为管腔显示不良。结论:冠心病早期诊断中,CT冠状动脉成像可用作冠状动脉造影前筛选,CT冠状动脉成像阴性的患者不必行冠状动脉造影检查;CT冠状动脉成像阳性的患者,可行冠状动脉造影进一步确认病变。