应用微型骨锚重建指伸肌腱终腱止点--附6例报告

目的 探讨微型骨锚在指伸肌腱终腱止点撕脱伤修复中的临床疗效。方法 对6例指伸肌腱终腱止点撕脱患指，先用克氏针将远侧指间关节固定于过伸位，然后将Mitek mcro微型骨锚植人远节指骨基底背侧指伸肌腱附着处，再用锚尾部的4-0 Ethibond缝合线与撕脱的指伸肌腱缝合，重建止点。结果 6例全部获得随访，术后随访3～6个月，平均4．1个月。按Dargan功能评定方法评定：优4例，良2例。术后X线片未见骨锚松动、脱落。结论 微型骨锚用于修复与重建指伸肌腱终腱，操作简便，易掌握，疗效可靠。     

微型骨锚联合掌长肌腱腱片移植治疗陈旧性锤状指畸形

目的探讨微型骨锚联合掌长肌腱腱片移植治疗陈旧性锤状指畸形的疗效。方法本组共16例陈旧性锤状指畸形患者,均采用微型锚钉联合掌长肌腱腱片重建伸肌腱止点的方法进行治疗,术后6周开始功能锻炼。定期随访,并进行功能评定。结果随访时间为4～10个月。本组患者术后未出现伤口感染或骨锚植入后异物反应,X线检查未见骨锚松动及脱落。术后远侧指间关节稳定性良好。按Dargan方法评定主动活动范围,优12例,良2例,可l例,差l例。结论微型骨锚联合掌长肌腱腱片移植治疗陈旧性锤状指畸形,手术简便,可明显纠正畸形,效果肯定,值得推广应用。     

双微型骨锚重建伸指肌腱终腱止点的临床应用

锤状指是由于末节指骨基底背侧至中央腱束止点间伸肌健断裂或撕脱部分指骨所致。若处理不当锤状指畸形长期存在,影响手部功能及外观。针对当前骨锚在手部肌腱损伤重建的应用逐渐广泛的现状,及我科在临床应用中的经验,分别采用单、双骨锚进行止点重建。2007年7月-2009年1月随访患者8例,笔者发现采用双微型骨锚重建修复指伸肌腱终腱止点撕脱伤者疗效优于采用单微型骨锚重建修复指伸肌腱终腱止点撕脱伤者。     

微型可吸收锚钉治疗锤状指的临床应用

目的观察微型可吸收锚钉治疗锤状指的临床疗效及安全性。方法对2015年3月至2017年5月我科收治的21例锤状指患者,采用微型可吸收锚钉修复重建并观察其临床效果。其中,男14例,女7例;年龄20～62岁,平均34岁。2例开放性损伤,19例闭合性损伤。本组骨性锤状指10例,腱性锤状指11例,其中骨性锤状指根据Wehbe和Schneider分型~([3])为Ⅰ型中的a型。结果术后均获得随访,随访时间3～15个月,平均7个月。按Cramford功能评定标准评定,优11例,良9例,可1例,优良率为95.2%。结论应用微型可吸收锚钉治疗锤状指具有操作简便、固定牢靠、内植物可吸收、并发症少、疗效显著等特点,值得推广应用。     

Mitek微型骨锚钉治疗陈旧性锤状指的疗效分析

目的 观察分析Mitek微型骨锚钉治疗陈旧性锤状指的疗效.方法 对15例陈旧性锤状指采用Mitek微型骨锚钉重建伸肌腱止点的手术方法治疗.结果 本组获随访4～12个月,疗效评定采用Patel功能评定法:优8例,良4例,中2例,差1例.结论 使用Mitek微型骨锚钉治疗陈旧性锤状指操作简便、疗效可靠,优良率达80％,但术前及术中细节需要改进以降低并发症发生率.     

掌长肌腱腱片移植治疗陈旧性锤状指畸形

目的 探讨掌长肌腱腱片移植治疗陈旧性锤状指畸形的疗效.方法 对28例陈旧性锤状指畸形的患者,采用克氏针固定远指间关节、掌长肌腱腱片移植加强修复伸肌止点的手术方法.术后6周拔出克氏针,随访时按照Patel评价体系评定.结果 术后25例获得随访,3例失访,随访时间为3～15个月,平均10个月.优9例,良13例,可2例,差1例;优良率为88%.结论 采用掌长肌腱腱片移植加强修复指伸肌腱断端,可明显纠正畸形,并获得良好的关节活动度,是治疗陈旧性锤状指畸形较有效的方法.     

掌长肌腱腱片移植治疗陈旧性锤状指畸形

目的 探讨掌长肌腱腱片移植治疗陈旧性锤状指畸形的疗效.方法 对28例陈旧性锤状指畸形的患者,采用克氏针固定远指间关节、掌长肌腱腱片移植加强修复伸肌止点的手术方法.术后6周拔出克氏针,随访时按照Patel评价体系评定.结果 术后25例获得随访,3例失访,随访时间为3～15个月,平均10个月.优9例,良13例,可2例,差1例;优良率为88%.结论 采用掌长肌腱腱片移植加强修复指伸肌腱断端,可明显纠正畸形,并获得良好的关节活动度,是治疗陈旧性锤状指畸形较有效的方法.     

微型锚钉在治疗锤状指中的应用

[目的]评价微型锚钉治疗锤状指的临床效果。[方法]自2004年2月-2006年3月，应用微型锚钉治疗8例锤状指患者。[结果]8例病人均获得随访，随访6个月-1.5年，平均8个月，术后4-8周全部愈合，无患肢疼痛及功能障碍，无1例复发。疗效评定：优5指，良3指，优良率100%。[结论]经初步临床验证，应用微型锚钉治疗锤状指，能够获得良好治疗效果。     

微型骨锚钉治疗锤状指73例分析

目的：总结分析微型骨锚钉治疗锤状指的临床疗效。方法2005年5月-2011年5月,我科对73例锤状指患者均采用微型骨锚钉重建伸肌腱止点方法治疗。结果本组73例均获得随访,随访时间3～12个月,其中复发4例,14例出现相关并发症。根据Dargan功能评定发评定：优52例,良12例,可5例,差4例,优良率87.6%。结论应用微型骨锚钉治疗锤状指,只有选择合适病例,注意手术操作,才能够获得良好治疗效果。     

微型骨锚治疗锤状指38例分析

目的 总结评价微型骨锚治疗锤状指的临床效果.方法 2005年8月-2010年5月,应用微型骨锚治疗38例锤状指.结果 38例均获得随访,随访时间6～12个月.术后6～10周,其中复发3例,优22例,良12例,可1例.结论 临床初步验证,应用微型骨锚治疗锤状指,能够获得良好的治疗效果.     

Vasopressor hormone response following mesenteric traction during major abdominal surgery

Background : We investigated the vasopressor hormone response following mesenteric traction (MT) with hypotension due to prostacyclin (PGI₂) release in patients undergoing abdominal surgery with a combined general and epidural anesthesia. Methods : In a prospective, randomized, placebo-controlled study we administered 400 mg ibuprofen (i.v.) in 42 patients scheduled for abdominal surgery. General anesthesia was combined with epidural anesthesia (T4-L1). Before as well as 5, 15, 30, 45, and 90 min after MT we recorded plasma osmolality, hemodynamics and measured 6-keto-PGFlα (stabile metabolite of PGI₂), TXB₂ (stabile metabolite of thromboxane A₂) active renin, and arginine vasopressin (AVP) plasma concentrations by radioimmunoassay. Catecholamine levels were assessed by high-pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC) with electrochemical detection. Results : Following MT, arterial hypotension occurred along with a substantial PGI₂ release. This was completely abolished by ibuprofen administration. Although plasma levels of 6-keto-PGF_1α (1133 (708) vs. 60 (3) ng/L, median (median absolute deviation), P=0.0001, placebo vs. ibuprofen) remained significantly elevated, blood pressure was restored within 30 min after MT in the placebo group. At the same point in time plasma concentrations of TXB² (164 (87) vs. 58 (1) ng/L, P=0.0001), epinephrine (46 (33) vs. 14 (6) ng/L, P=0.001), AVP (41 ± (18) vs. 12 (7) ng/L, P=0.0004), and active renin (27 (12) vs. 12 (4) ng/L, P = 0.001) were significantly higher in placebo-treated patients. Conclusion : Under combined general and epidural anesthesia arterial hypotension following MT due to endogenous PGI₂ release is associated with enhanced release of AVP, active renin, epinephrine and thromboxane A₂, presumably contributing to hemodynamic stability within 30 min after MT.     

A Teaspoon Pump for Pumping Blood with High Hydraulic Efficiency and Low Hemolysis Potential

Abstract: Virtually all blood pumps contain some kind of rubbing, sliding, closely moving machinery surfaces that are exposed to the blood being pumped. These valves, internal bearings, magnetic bearing position sensors, and shaft seals cause most of the problems with blood pumps. The original teaspoon pump design prevented the rubbing, sliding machinery surfaces from contacting the blood. However, the hydraulic efficiency was low because the blood was able to "slip around" the rotating impeller so that the blood itself never rotated fast enough to develop adequate pressure. An improved teaspoon blood pump has been designed and tested and has shown acceptable hydraulic performance and low hemolysis potential. The new pump uses a nonrotating "swinging" hose as the pump impeller. The fluid enters the pump through the center of the swinging hose; therefore, there can be no fluid slip between the revolving blood and the revolving impeller. The new pump uses an impeller that is comparable to a flexible garden hose. If the free end of the hose were swung around in a circle like half of a jump rope, the fluid inside the hose would rotate and develop pressure even though the hose impeller itself did not "rotate"; therefore, no rotating shaft seal or internal bearings are required.     

Microspheres Based Detoxification System: A New Method in Convective Blood Purification

Abstract: A variety of protein-bound or hydrophobic substances, accumulating as a result of pathologic conditions such as exogenous or endogenous intoxications, are removed poorly by conventional detoxification methods because of low accessibility (hemodialysis), insufficient adsorption capabilities (hemosorption), low efficiency (peritoneal dialysis), or economic limitations (high-volume plasmapheresis). Combining advantages of existing methods with microspheric technology, a module-based system was designed. Major operating parameters of the latter can be modified to allow for adjustment to individual clinical situations. An extracorporeal blood circuit including a plasmafilter is combined with a secondary high-velocity plasma circuit driven by a centrifugal pump. Different microspheric adsorbers can be combined in one circuit or applied in sequence. Thus, a prolonged treatment can be tailored using specially designed selective adsorber materials. Comparing this system with existing methods (high-flux hemodialysis, molecular adsorbent recycling system), results from our in vitro studies and animal experiments demonstrate the superior efficiency of substance removal.     

Is the recovery profile of mivacurium independent of the rate of decay of its plasma concentration in patients with normal plasma cholinesterase activity?

Background: The duration of action of muscle relaxants is poorly correlated to the rate of decay of their plasma concentration. The plasma concentration of mivacurium may rapidly decrease below its active concentration because of the extensive hydrolysis of mivacurium. By inflating a tourniquet on one upper limb for 3 min after the administration of atracurium, mivacurium or vecuronium, we studied the influence of the initial decline of their plasma concentration on their effect. Methods: In 50 patients anaesthetised with thiopental, isoflurane and fentanyl, the effect of bolus doses of 0.15 or 0.25 mg . kg^?1 mivacurium (MIV 15, MIV 25), 0.3 or 0.5 mg . kg^?1 atracurium (ATR 30, ATR 50) and 0.06 or 0.1 mg . kg^?1 vecuronium (VEC 06, VEC 10) were measured on both arms (evoked response of the adductor pollicis to train-of-four stimulation every 12 s), a tourniquet being applied on one arm just before and during 3 min after the muscle relaxant bolus. Results: Tourniquet inflation of 3 min almost abolished the neuromuscular effect of mivacurium. In the vecuronium groups and in the ATR 50 group, tourniquet inflation did not modify the maximum degree of depression of the twitch response. Also, the duration of action of vecuronium was unaffected by the tourniquet. In the ATR 30 group, times to return of the twitch response to 25% (duration 25%) and 75% (duration 75%) of control response were significantly shorter in the cuffed arm, 23 min vs 27 min, and 41 min vs 45 min, respectively. In the ATR 50 group, only duration 25% was significantly shorter in the cuffed arm (41 min vs 45 min). Conclusion: The results suggest that the rate of decline of the plasma concentration of mivacurium is so rapid, that a very low and almost clinically ineffective concentration is present as soon as 3 min after its administration. The results also indicate that the recovery from a mivacurium-induced neuromuscular blockade is not influenced by the rate of decay of its plasma concentration in patients with genotypically normal plasma cholinesterase.     

Membranes in Artificial Organs

Abstract: Membrane processes play a pivotal and enabling role in modern replacement therapy for acute and chronic organ failure and in the management of immunologic diseases. In fact, virtually all contemporary extracorporeal blood purification methods employ membrane devices, and the next generation of artificial organs and tissue engineering therapies are almost certain to be similarly grounded in membrane technology. In this short essay, we comment on the similarities and differences among synthetic membranes and their natural counterparts and also provide a critical overview of the demographics and technology of hemodialysis, hemofiltration, apheresis, oxygenation, and emerging membrane technologies and applications.     

Tissue perfusion in relation to cardiac output during continuous positive-pressure ventilation and administration of propranolol or verapamil

Background : Our objective was to determine whether administration of propranolol or verapamil modifies the hemodynamic adaptation to continuous positive-pressure ventilation (CPPV), in particular the regional distribution of cardiac output (CO).
Methods : General hemodynamics and regional blood flows assessed by microsphere technique (15 (μm) were recorded in 16 anesthetized pigs during spontaneous breathing (SB) and CPPV with 8 cm H₂O end-expiratory pressure (CPPV8) before and after intravenous administration of propranolol (0.3 mg · kg⁻¹ followed by 0.15 mg · kg⁻¹ · h⁻¹, n=8) or verapamil (0.1 mg · kg⁻¹ followed by 0.3 mg · kg⁻¹ · h⁻¹, n=8).
Results : CPPV8 depressed CO by 25% without shifts in its relative distribution with the exception of a noteworthy increase in adrenal perfusion. Propranolol increased arterial blood pressure, and due to a fall in heart rate, CO dropped by 25%. The kidneys and, to a lesser extent, the splanchic region and central nervous system received increased fractions of the remaining CO at the expense of skeletal muscle flow. Similar patterns were seen during SB and CPPV8 such that the combination of propranolol and CPPV8 depressed CO by 50%. The circulatory effects of verapamil were less evident but myocardial perfusion tended to increase.
Conclusions : The combination of propranolol or verapamil with CPPV does not result in any specific hemodynamic interaction in anesthetized pigs, except that the combined effect of propranolol and CPPV may severely reduce CO.     

Volatile anaesthetics reduce adhesion of blood platelets under low-flow conditions in the coronary system of isolated guinea pig hearts

Background : Inhibitory effects of volatile anaesthetics on platelet aggregation have been demonstrated in several studies. However, the influence of volatile anaesthetics on intracoronary platelet adhesion has not been elucidated so far.
Methods : Isolated hearts of guinea pigs were perfused with buffer in the absence or presence of volatile anaesthetics (0.5 and 1 MAC) at constant coronary flow rates of 5 ml/min for 25 min, then 1 ml/min for 30 min and again 5 ml/min for 10 min. Before, during and after low-flow perfusion, a bolus of human platelets was applied into the coronary system. To simulate thrombogenic conditions, 0.3 U/ml human thrombin was infused during low-flow perfusion and reperfusion. The number of platelets sequestered to the endothelium was calculated from the difference between coronary in- and output of platelets. The myocardial production of lactate and consumption of pyruvate and coronary perfusion pressure were also determined.
Results : At a flow rate of 5 ml/min only about 3% of the applied platelets did not emerge from the coronary system, in any group. In contrast, 13.1±1.2% (mean±SEM) of infused platelets became adherent in low-flow perfusion in the control group without anaesthetic. The adherence was reduced with each 1 MAC isoflurane (to 6.2±1.2%), sevoflurane (to 4.4±0.9%) or halothane (to 3.2±1.5%) (each P <0.05 vs. control). Volatile anaesthetic, 0.5 MAC, did not inhibit platelet adhesion to a statistically significant extent in any case. Perfusion pressure and metabolic parameters were not statistically different between the control and the hearts exposed to anaesthetics.
Conclusion : Volatile anaesthetics in a concentration of 1 MAC can reduce the adhesion of platelets in the coronary system under reduced flow conditions. This action does not arise from vasodilation or inhibition of ischaemic stress.     

Bariatric Surgery in Some "Central and East-European (former Eastern bloc)"Countries - Current Status and Prediction for the Next Millennium

Background: Obesity is increasing globallly, including in the formerly "Eastern Bloc" countries. Methods: A survey was made of obesity and bariatric surgery. Results: In the 8 East and Central European countries studied, with total population 300 million, roughly 43% of the population was overweight (BMI 25-30), 23% obese (BMI > 30), with about 15 million people morbidly obese (BMI > 40). From 0-10 morbidly obese individuals/100,000/year undergo bariatric surgery. Conclusion: Most countries were found to provide inadequate treatment for obesity.The majority of the morbidly obese are not treated effectively. However, health-care awareness of obesity and bariatric surgeons are slowly increasing.     

Dilemma of Membrane Biocompatibility and Reuse

Abstract: Numerous articles have been published on the multiple use of dialyzers and on the effect of different reprocessing chemicals and techniques on the dialyzer biocompatibility and performance. The results often appear contradictory, especially those comparing standard biocompatibility parameters. Despite this confusion, a discerning review of the published works allows certain limited conclusions to be drawn. Reprocessing of used hemodialyzers changes the biocompatibility profile of a dialyzer as defined by the parameters complement activation. leukopenia, and cytokine release. The effect of reprocessing depends on the chemicals and reprocessing technique applied and also on the type of membrane polymer being subjected to the reprocessing procedure. Reports of pyrogenic reactions indicate that the flux of the membrane also influences how suitable it is for safe reuse. An increased risk of allergic and pyrogenic reactions appears to be associated with dialyzer reuse. Furthermore, there has been a lack of investigations into the immunologic effect of the layer of adsorbed and chemically altered proteins that remains on the inner surface of reprocessed dialyzers. We conclude that the clinical benefit of dialyzer reuse cannot be generally accepted from a biocompatibility point of view.     

Influence of dopexamine hydrochloride on haemodynamics and regulators of circulation in patients undergoing major abdominal surgery

Background: Catecholaminergic support is often used to improve haemodynamics in patients undergoing major abdominal surgery. Dopexamine is a synthetic vasoactive catecholamine with beneficial microcirculatory properties. Methods: The influence of perioperative administration of dopexamine on cardiorespiratory data and important regulators of macro- and microcirculation were studied in 30 patients undergoing Whipple pancreaticduodenectomy. The patients received randomized and blinded either 2 μg · kg^?1 · min^?1 of dopexamine (n=15) or placebo (n=15, control group). The infusion was started after induction of anaesthesia and continued until the morning of the first postoperative day. Endothelin-1 (ET-1), vasopressin, atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP), and catecholamine plasma levels were measured from arterial blood samples. Measurements were carried out after induction of anaesthesia, 2 h after onset of surgery, at the end of surgery, 2 h after surgery, and on the morning of the first postoperative day. Results: Cardiac index (CI) increased significantly in the dopexamine group (from 2.61±0.41 to 4.57±0.78 1 · min^?1 · m^?2) and remained elevated until the morning of the first postoperative day. Oxygen delivery index (DO₂I) and oxygen consumption index (VO₂I) were also significantly increased in the dopexamine group (DO₂I: from 416±91 to 717±110 ml/m² · m²; VO₂I: from 98±25 to 157±22 ml/m² · m²), being significantly higher than in the control group. pHi remained stable only in the dopexamine patients, indicating adequate splanchnic perfusion. Vasopressive regulators of circulation increased significantly only in the untreated control patients (vasopressin: from 4.37±1.1 to 35.9±12.1 pg/ml; ET-1: from 2.88±0.91 to 6.91±1.20 pg/ml). Conclusion: Patients undergoing major abdominal surgery may profit from prophylactic perioperative administration of dopexamine hydrochloride in the form of improved haemodynamics and oxygenation as well as beneficial influence on important regulators of organ blood flow.