糖尿病性视网膜病变视网膜电图振荡电位的频域和时域分析

为分析早期和晚期ＤＲ患者ＥＲＧ的ＯＰｓ频域和时域参数，为ＤＲ的早期诊断和估计预后提供客观指标。测定和比较了１７只Ⅰ～Ⅱ期ＤＲ患眼、４５只Ⅳ～Ⅴ期ＤＲ患眼和４０只正常对照眼的ＯＰｓ频域和时域参数。结果：Ⅰ～Ⅱ期和Ⅳ～Ⅴ期ＤＲ患眼与正常对照眼比较，部分平均频谱的幅度、总功率、最大振幅和最大功率均有显著下降；ＯＰｓ四个子波的潜伏期均显著延长，振幅均显著下降，四个子波振幅总和显著下降；主频率只在Ⅳ～Ⅴ期组显著下降。Ⅳ～Ⅴ期与Ⅰ～Ⅱ期ＤＲ患眼比较，部分平均频谱的幅度、最大振幅和最大功率有显著下降；ＯＰｓ前两个子波的潜伏期有显著延长，四个子波振幅及其振幅总和均有显著下降。结论：ＯＰｓ的频域和时域参数可作为评价ＤＲ不同病程和估计预后的客观指标。     

结晶样视网膜变性的视觉电生理改变探讨

目的探讨结晶样视网膜变性的视觉电生理改变。方法采用眼电图（ＥＯＧ）和视网膜电图（ＥＲＧ）检测１４例２８眼结晶样视网膜变性患者（病例组）和１５例３０眼正常人（对照组）、观察指标：（１）ＥＯＧ的基值电位（ＢＶＰ）、暗谷电位（ＤＴＰ）、暗谷时间（ＤＴＴ）、光峰电位（ＬＰＰ）、光峰时间（ＬＰＴ）、ＱＡｒ－ｄｅｎ、ＱＧｌｉｅｍ、（２）暗适应和明视ＥＲＧａ、ｂ波振幅、峰时值。采用ｔ检验对上述各项指标做两组间比较分析。结果病例组ＥＯＧ的ＢＶＰ、ＤＴＰ、ＬＰＰ、ＱＡｒｄｅｎＱＧｌｉｅｍ均较对照组明显降低,峰两组间有极显著性差异（Ｐ＜０．０１）;而ＥＯＧ的ＤＴＴ、ＬＰＴ与对照组比无明显改变,两组间无显著性差异（Ｐ＞０．０５）。病例组暗适应和明视ＥＲＧａ、ｂ波振幅、峰时值较对照组均有明显改变,两组间有极显著性差异（Ｐ＜０．０１）;但在２例早期患者中,其ＥＲＧａ、ｂ波振幅、峰时值均在正常范围。结论ＥＯＧ、ＥＲＧ作为客观定量的视功能检查方法,可为结晶样视网膜变性的视网膜功能损害程度提供客观指标。对结晶样视网膜变性早期患者ＥＯＧ可能较ＥＲＧ更具诊断价值。     

早产儿视网膜病变注射雷珠单抗后荧光素眼底血管造影表现

目的　了解早产儿视网膜病变（ｒｅｔｉｎｏｐａｔｈｙｏｆｐｒｅｍａｔｕｒｉｔｙ,ＲＯＰ）注射雷珠单抗后的荧光素眼底血管造影（ｆｕｎｄｕｓｆｌｕｏｒｅｓ-ｃｅｉｎａｎｇｉｏｇｒａｐｈｙ,ＦＦＡ）表现。方法　选取２０１４年３月至１１月在深圳市眼科医院确诊为ＲＯＰ的１５例（３０眼）患者纳入研究,其中急进性后部型ＲＯＰ（ａｇｇｒｅｓｓｉｖｅｐｏｓｔｅｒｉｏｒｒｅｔｉｎｏｐａｔｈｙｏｆｐｒｅｍａｔｕｒｉｔｙ,ＡＰ-ＲＯＰ）８眼,阈值期ＲＯＰ１３眼,阈值前期Ⅰ型ＲＯＰ９眼。在表面麻醉下,经颞下方睫状体平坦部进针,向玻璃体内注射雷珠单抗０．０３ｍＬ。在注药术后１～２个月,气管插管全身麻醉下行ＦＦＡ检查,观察附加病变消退情况及视网膜周边血管发育情况。结果　注射雷珠单抗后,所有眼底附加病变消退,但周边视网膜均存在不同程度的无血管区。８眼ＡＰ-ＲＯＰ中６眼Ⅲ区无血管形成,继续随访观察;２眼Ⅱ区大范围无血管形成,血管末梢分支增多呈毛刷样,无荧光素渗漏,１周后再次注射雷珠单抗。１３眼阈值期ＲＯＰ中,１眼可见颞下方牵拉性视网膜脱离,行局部激光光凝;１２眼嵴完全消退,其中２眼视网膜血管基本发育完全;４眼Ⅲ区无血管形成,４眼Ⅲ区及Ⅱ区鼻侧２个钟点无血管形成,均无荧光素渗漏,继续随访观察;２眼Ⅱ区累计４个钟点无血管区伴末梢血管扩张及新生血管荧光素渗漏,行激光光凝。９眼阈值前期Ⅰ型ＲＯＰ中７眼嵴全部消退,２眼嵴变低平;４眼Ⅲ区及Ⅱ区鼻侧２个钟点范围无血管形成,５眼Ⅲ区无血管形成,均见末梢血管扩张,但无荧光素渗漏,继续随访观察。结论　注射雷珠单抗可促使ＲＯＰ病变消退,且不干扰周边视网膜血管化。     

糖尿病性视网膜病变的视网膜电图分析

ＥＲＧ是ＤＲ较敏感的诊断方法。本文对５９例１００只眼ＤＲ的ＥＲＧ及ＯＰｓ改变进行了总结分析，结果ＰＤＲ患者中３４％ｂ波幅值正常，６０％降低，６％消失；ＢＤＲ患者中６２％ｂ波幅值正常，３６％下降，２％消失。在ＰＤＲ患者中ＯＰｓ的ＯＺ值大于１００μＶ者占６２％，１００μＶ者占２６％，ＯＰｓ消失者占６８％；在ＢＤＲ患者中ＯＰｓ的ＯＺ值大于１００μＶ者占２２％，小于１００μＶ者占５６％，ＯＰｓ消失者占２２     

视电生理对视网膜静脉阻塞分型的临床意义

本文观察了３２例视网膜静脉阻塞病人患眼（静脉郁滞性视网膜病变与缺血性视网膜病变）与对侧健眼的暗视ＥＲＧ及振荡电位。发现（１）ｂ波波幅及ｂ／ａ值患眼较对侧眼显著下降，且ｂ波峰时值明显延长。（２）ＯＰＳ各波幅患眼较对侧眼显著下降，Ｏ１，Ｏ２，Ｏ４峰时值明显延长。（３）ＨＲ型较ＶＳＲ型ｂ波波幅及ｂ／ａ波波幅比值显著下降。（４）ＨＲ型较ＶＳＲ型Ｏ１，Ｏ２波幅值显著下降。这些对判断ＲＶＯ分型有价值，对不能行     

全视网膜光凝术对增生性糖尿病视网膜病变患者黄斑区视网膜功能的影响

目的　观察全视网膜光凝术对增生性糖尿病视网膜病变（ｐｒｏｌｉｆｅｒａｔｉｖｅｄｉａｂｅｔｉｃｒｅｔｉｎｏｐａｔｈｙ,ＰＤＲ）患者黄斑区视网膜功能的影响。方法　选取２０１１年１月至２０１３年１２月我院收治的６０例（７２眼）ＰＤＲ患者作为观察组,同时选取６０例（６０眼）正常志愿者作为对照组。观察组患者均应用全视网膜光凝术进行治疗。两组均行裂隙灯、验光、眼压、眼底等常规眼部检查,利用光学相干断层扫描（ｏｐｔｉｃａｌｃｏｈｅｒｅｎｃｅｔｏｍｏｇｒａｐｈｙ,ＯＣＴ）检查黄斑区视网膜厚度,同时利用多焦视网膜电图（ｍｕｌｔｉｆｏｃａｌｅｌｅｃｔｒｏｒｅｔｉ-ｎｏｇｒａｍ,ｍｆ-ＥＲＧ）检查Ｐ１波、Ｎ１波５环的振幅密度及潜伏期等。结果　观察组患眼术前、术后黄斑中心凹视网膜厚度分别为（３４９．３±１１８．９）μｍ和（２６２．２±２８．２）μｍ,差异有统计学意义（Ｐ＜０．０５）;对照组黄斑中心凹视网膜厚度为（１３６．４±１７．８）μｍ,均显著低于观察组患眼手术前后黄斑中心凹视网膜厚度,差异均有统计学意义（均为Ｐ＜０.０５）。观察组患眼的１环、２环的术后Ｐ１波振幅密度较术前显著提高,差异均有统计学意义（均为Ｐ＜０．０５）,而３环、４环、５环较术前显著降低,差异均有统计学意义（均为Ｐ＜０．０５）。观察组术后Ｐ１波潜伏期较术前均有一定程度的下降,差异均有统计学意义（均为Ｐ＜０．０５）。与对照组比较,观察组术后１环、２环的Ｐ１波潜伏期差异均有统计学意义（均为Ｐ＜０．０５）;３环、４环、５环差异均无统计学意义（均为Ｐ＞０．０５）。观察组术后１环、２环的Ｎ１波振幅较术前显著提高,差异均有统计学意义（均为Ｐ＜０．０５）;术后３环、４环、５环较术前显著降低,差异均有统计学意义（均为Ｐ＜０．０５）。观察组患眼术后３环的Ｎ１波潜伏期与术前比较,差异无统计学意义（Ｐ＞０.０５）,术后１环、２环、４环、５环的Ｎ１波潜伏期均显著低于术前,差异均有统计学意义（均为Ｐ＜０．０５）。观察组术前和术后的Ｎ１波潜伏期均显著低于对照组,差异均有统计学意义（均为Ｐ＜０．０５）。结论　全视网膜光凝术治疗ＰＤＲ患者可显著改善视网膜的感光和传导功能,降低黄斑中心凹视网膜厚度,从而达到部分改善视力的目的。     

同型半胱氨酸和视黄醇结合蛋白4与糖尿病视网膜病变的相关性研究

目的　检测并分析同型半胱氨酸（ｈｏｍｏｃｙｓｔｅｉｎｅ,Ｈｃｙ）及视黄醇结合蛋白４（ｒｅｔｉ-ｎｏｌｂｉｎｄｉｎｇｐｒｏｔｅｉｎ４,ＲＢＰ４）与糖尿病视网膜病变（ｄｉａｂｅｔｉｃｒｅｔｉｎｏｐａｔｈｙ,ＤＲ）的关系,以探讨对特定人群ＤＲ的诊断方法。方法　选取２０１４年６月到２０１５年６月桂林医学院附属医院内分泌科就诊的２型糖尿病患者２００例,所有患者进行眼底检查必要时行眼底荧光血管造影（ｆｕｎｄｕｓｆｌｕｏｒｅｓｃｅｉｎａｎｇｉｏｇｒａｐｈｙ,ＦＦＡ）,根据眼底情况分为增殖期糖尿病视网膜病变（ｐｒｏｌｉｆｅｒａｔｉｖｅｄｉａｂｅｔｉｃｒｅｔｉｎｏｐａｔｈｙ,ＰＤＲ）组、非增殖期糖尿病视网膜病变（ｎｏｎ-ｐｒｏｌｉｆｅｒａｔｉｖｅｄｉ-ａｂｅｔｉｃｒｅｔｉｎｏｐａｔｈｙ,ＮＰＤＲ）组,以及非糖尿病视网膜病变（ｎｏｎ-ｄｉａｂｅｔｉｃｒｅｔｉｎｏｐａｔｈｙ,ＮＤＲ）组;检测各组空腹血糖（ｆａｓｔｉｎｇｐｏｓｔｐｒａｎｄｉａｌｇｌｕｃｏｓｅ,ＦＰＧ）、餐后２ｈ血糖（２-ｈｏｕｒｐｏｓｔｐｒａｎｄｉａｌｇｌｕｃｏｓｅ,２ｈＰＧ）、糖化血红蛋白（ｇｌｙｃｏｓｙｌａｔｅｄｈｅｍｏｇｌｏｂｉｎ,ＨｂＡ１ｃ）、血脂、Ｈｃｙ、ＲＢＰ４水平。结果　ＰＤＲ组的Ｈｃｙ（１７．６０±４．４７）μｍｏｌ·Ｌ－１、ＲＢＰ４（１６．３２±３．５７）μｇ·ｍＬ－１及ＮＰＤＲ组的Ｈｃｙ（１３．０１±２．８０）μｍｏｌ·Ｌ－１、ＲＢＰ４（１２．２５±２．４５）μｇ·ｍＬ－１水平明显高于ＮＤＲ组的Ｈｃｙ（６．９９±２．３３）μｍｏｌ·Ｌ－１、ＲＢＰ４（８．８９±１．９０）μｇ·ｍＬ－１,且随着ＤＲ病情的进展逐渐升高,差异均有统计学意义（均为Ｐ＜０．０５）;ＰＤＲ组病程、２ｈＰＧ、ＨｂＡ１ｃ、ＴＧ、ＬＤＬ-Ｃ、Ｈｃｙ、ＲＢＰ４水平明显高于ＮＰＤＲ组、ＮＤＲ组（均为Ｐ＜０．０５）。相关分析显示,２型糖尿病患者的ＲＢＰ４与病程、年龄、ＨｂＡ１ｃ、ＦＰＧ、２ｈＰＧ、ＴＣ、ＴＧ、ＬＤＬ-Ｃ、Ｈｃｙ呈显著正相关,与ＨＤＬ-Ｃ呈负相关。对ＤＲ的危险因素进行多元回归分析结果显示,病程、ＨｂＡ１ｃ、ＲＢＰ４、Ｈｃｙ是影响ＤＲ的主要危险因素。结论　测定Ｈｃｙ及ＲＢＰ４可及早发现ＤＲ,为早期筛查及治疗提供一定的方向。     

视网膜脱离复位后的视网膜电图研究

目的 研究视网膜脱离（ＲＤ）复位后视网膜电图改变,探讨视功能损害的程度和部位。方法 １０只健康灰兔分为实验组４组８只,正常对照组２只。通过在视网膜下注射０．１％透明质酸钠方法建立ＲＤ模型。在术前和术后１,２,３,４周时分别记录视网膜电图。结果 暗视视杆细胞反应,最大反应ａ,ｂ波,单闪光明视锥细胞反应和闪烁光反应振幅,在视网膜复位后逐渐升高,复位１周时恢复到正常时的６０％～６５％,复位３周时视网膜ＥＲＧ恢复到７０％～９０％。暗视最大反应ａ波潜伏期在视网膜复位后２天,延长１０．９％,复位１周后逐渐恢复。ＯＰｓ和其它各波的潜伏期未见有显著改变（Ｐ〉０．０５）。结论 复位后的视网膜电图虽然逐渐恢复,但ａ,ｂ波的不完全恢复提示了光感受器和Ｍｕｌｌｅｒ细胞功能的改变。     

血清可溶性肿瘤坏死因子受体与2型糖尿病视网膜病变相关性研究

目的　研究血清可溶性肿瘤坏死因子受体（ｓｏｌｕｂｌｅｔｕｍｏｒｎｅｃｒｏｓｉｓｆａｃｔｏｒｒｅｃｅｐｔｏｒ,ｓＴＮＦＲ）与２型糖尿病视网膜病变的相关性。方法　６６例２型糖尿病患者通过眼底检查和眼底荧光血管造影按照ＥＤＴＲＳ分期分为３组:无糖尿病视网膜病变（ｎｏｄｉａｂｅｔｉｃｒｅｔｉｎｏｐａｔｈｙ,ＮＤＲ;ｎ＝２２）组、非增殖型糖尿病视网膜病变（ｎｏｎｐｒｏｌｉｆｅｒａｔｉｖｅｄｉａｂｅｔｉｃｒｅｔｉｎｏｐａｔｈｙ,ＮＰＤＲ;ｎ＝２４）组和增殖型糖尿病视网膜病变（ｐｒｏｌｉｆｅｒａｔｉｖｅｄｉａｂｅｔｉｃｒｅｔｉｎｏｐａｔｈｙ,ＰＤＲ;ｎ＝２０）组。２１名健康人作为对照组。检测４组研究对象血清中肿瘤坏死因子（ｔｕｍｏｒｎｅｃｒｏｓｉｓｆａｃｔｏｒ,ＴＮＦ）-α、ｓＴＮＦＲ-１、ｓＴＮＦＲ-２水平。组间统计分析采用非参数Ｍａｎｎ-ＷｈｉｔｎｅｙＵ检验。结果　血清中ＴＮＦ-α中位数分别为:对照组０ｐｇ·ｍＬ－１、ＮＤＲ组３．４５ｐｇ·ｍＬ－１、ＮＰＤＲ组３．９２ｐｇ·ｍＬ－１、ＰＤＲ组８．１２ｐｇ·ｍＬ－１。对照组与ＰＤＲ组（Ｐ＜０．００１）、ＮＤＲ组与ＰＤＲ组（Ｐ＝０．００８）比较差异均有统计学意义。血清中ｓＴＮＦＲ-１水平中位数:对照组１．５０ｎｇ·ｍＬ－１、ＮＤＲ组１．８８ｎｇ·ｍＬ－１、ＮＰＤＲ组２．５８ｎｇ·ｍＬ－１、ＰＤＲ组３．００ｎｇ·ｍＬ－１。对照组与ＮＰＤＲ组（Ｐ＜０．００１）、对照组与ＰＤＲ组（Ｐ＜０．００１）、ＮＤＲ组与ＮＰＤＲ组（Ｐ＝０．００７）、ＮＤＲ组与ＰＤＲ组（Ｐ＜０．００１）比较,差异均有统计学意义。血清中ｓＴ-ＮＦＲ-２中位数分别为:对照组３．８８ｎｇ·ｍＬ－１、ＮＤＲ组５．０１ｎｇ·ｍＬ－１、ＮＰＤＲ组５．２１ｎｇ·ｍＬ－１、ＰＤＲ组６．３３ｎｇ·ｍＬ－１。除了ＮＤＲ组与ＮＰＤＲ组（Ｐ＝０．０７０）间差异无统计学意义外,其他组间差异均有统计学意义（均为Ｐ＜０．０５）。结论　血清中ｓＴＮＦＲ与２型糖尿病视网膜病变密切相关,表明ｓＴＮＦＲ在糖尿病视网膜病变的发生发展中起到了一定的作用。对ｓＴＮＦＲ进行进一步研究可以寻找治疗糖尿病视网膜病变新的靶点。     

全视网膜激光光凝治疗高危增生型糖尿病视网膜病变的效果分析

目的　分析全视网膜激光光凝术（ｐａｎｒｅｔｉｎａｌｐｈｏｔｏｃｏａｇｕｌａｔｉｏｎ,ＰＲＰ）治疗高危增生型糖尿病视网膜病变（ｈｉｇｈ-ｒｉｓｋｐｒｏ-ｌｉｆｅｒａｔｉｖｅｄｉａｂｅｔｉｃｒｅｔｉｎｏｐａｔｈｙ,ＨＲ-ＰＤＲ）临床效果、预后及影响因素。方法　回顾性分析２００８年７月至２０１５年７月西安交通大学第二附属医院眼科ＰＲＰ治疗的糖尿病视网膜病变（ｄｉａｂｅｔｉｃｒｅｔｉｎｏｐａｔｈｙ,ＤＲ）患者８５例（１５０眼）的临床资料,依据我国糖尿病视网膜病变临床诊疗指南,根据眼底荧光血管造影（ｆｕｎｄｕｓｆｌｕｏｒｅｓｃｅｉｎａｎｇｉｏｇｒａｐｈｙ,ＦＦＡ）检查结果分为两组:严重ＤＲ组包括重度非增生型ＤＲ（重度ＮＰＤＲ）和增生早期ＤＲ（早期ＰＤＲ）组,共９０眼,ＨＲ-ＰＤＲ组包括ＨＲ-ＰＤＲ６０眼。观察两组患者ＰＲＰ治疗的效果、术后３个月的视力,分析ＨＲ-ＰＤＲ的危险因素。结果　严重ＤＲ组ＰＲＰ术后１３．３％（１２／９０）需要补充激光,１６．６％（１５／９０）患眼黄斑水肿加重,２眼发生玻璃出血,１眼发生新生血管性青光眼。ＨＲ-ＰＤＲ组ＰＲＰ术后５５．０％（３３／６０）需要补充激光,３０．０％（１８／６０）患眼黄斑水肿加重,５眼发生玻璃体出血,３眼发生新生血管性青光眼。ＰＲＰ术后３个月,严重ＤＲ组４０．０％（３６／９０）视力下降,而ＨＲ-ＰＤＲ组６５．０％（３９／６０）视力下降。ＨＲ-ＰＤＲ患者主要的危险因素包括:年龄小于５０岁、糖尿病病程长、高糖化血红蛋白、高血脂及颈动脉Ｂ超异常。结论　ＨＲ-ＰＤＲ的概念临床意义重大,其病变进展迅速,ＰＲＰ效果不佳,需要密切随访,及时追加激光或者联合其他治疗方案。     

糖尿病视网膜病变振荡电位和荧光血管造影的相关性

目的 :研究在荧光素钠血管造影 (FA)和吲哚青绿血管造影 (ICGA)下糖尿病视网膜病变 (DR)在不同阶段、形态改变时的振荡电位 (OPs) ,了解DR的功能学与形态学改变的特点及其之间的联系。方法 :选择 4 9名糖尿病患者(89只患眼 ) ,按在FA下DR的不同阶段分 4组 (88眼 ) ,按ICGA分 2组 (6 0眼 ) ,选择 4 3只正常眼为对照组 ,对所有眼按国际标准化方法进行OPs检测。结果 :OPs总和振幅在FA有改变时下降 ,OP2 振幅在FA无改变时下降 ,有改变时进一步下降 ;无灌注期与新生血管期的OPs总和振幅及各子波振幅改变相同 ;ICGA晚期 ,部分眼出现晚期弥散性高荧斑和极晚期高荧伴低荧的“椒盐状”外观 ,与此相应 ,OP3 振幅和OP4潜伏期较对照组下降和延长。结论 :OP2 振幅较OPs总和振幅在DR早期诊断方面敏感 ,无灌注期和新生血管期的视网膜循环状态相似 ,无灌注区可与新生血管一样作为DR进展的质变标志 ,ICGA后期改变与OPs的指标有一定联系     

糖尿病视网膜1期病变多焦视网膜图变化分析

目的 通过检测糖尿病视网膜1期病变患者多焦视网膜电图(multifocal electroretino-gram,mfERG),评价1期糖尿病视网膜病变患者早期视功能的变化.方法 检测正常对照组31只眼,1期糖尿病视网膜病变组46只眼的mtERG在视野30°的测试范围内6个不同离心度的环形区N1、P1波潜伏期、P1波反应密度改变.结果 在视野30°的测试范围内6个不同离心度的环形区,1期糖尿病视网膜病变组(DR组)与正常对照组之间比较N1、P1波潜伏期显著延长;环1、2区DR组与正常对照组之间比较P1波反应密度显著降低.结论 尚未出现肉眼可见眼底改变的1期糖尿病视网膜病变即可出现视功能的异常,mfERG能够定量的检测1期糖尿病视网膜病变的局部视功能变化,为糖尿病视网膜病变的早期诊断提供有效方法.     

荧光素眼底血管造影在糖尿病性视网膜病变中的应用价值

目的评价荧光素眼底血管造影（FFA）在糖尿病性视网膜病变（DR）诊断分期和指导治疗方面的价值。方法采用FFA对182例（364只眼）糖尿病患者进行筛查，对DR临床分期进行修正，并根据FFA的分期指导治疗。结果12只眼眼底检查未发现有DR的患者FFA显示有Ⅰ期微血管瘤病变；25只眼Ⅰ-Ⅱ期患者FFA显示更多的微血管瘤及合并黄斑水肿改变；11只眼Ⅲ期患者FFA显示毛细血管无灌注区范围比检眼镜下检出棉絮斑范围广，13只眼出现新生血管改变；20只眼Ⅳ期患者检出比检眼镜下更多的新生毛细血管及黄斑水肿改变。结论FFA是作为DR分期的最佳标准，且为指导激光治疗和评定光凝疗效的指标。     

多焦视网膜电图在糖尿病视网膜病变不同病期诊断的应用

目的：评价多焦视网膜电图（ＭＥＲＧ）在糖尿病性视网膜病变（ＤＲ）不同期诊断的应用价值。方法：对２４名（３５眼）正常人及６３名（９６眼）糖尿病患者分别进行眼科常规检查、眼压测定、眼底荧光血管造影（ＦＦＡ）、Ｏｃｔｏｐｕｓ视野及ＭＥＲＧ检测,并对ＭＥＲＧ与视野进行相关性分析,对比ＭＥＲＧ与其他视网膜功能检查方法的异常检出率。结果：ＭＥＲＧ总反应波的Ｐ１波反应密度在临床未见ＤＲ（ＮＤＲ）的糖尿病患者低于     

Scotopic threshold response in noninsulin-dependent diabetes mellitus patients with good HbA1c level and ophthalmoscopically intact fundus

PURPOSE: To evaluate behavior of the scotopic threshold response(STR) and the oscillatory potentials(OPs) of the electroretinogram in noninsulin-dependent diabetes mellitus(NIDDM) patients without retinal abnormalities. METHODS: The STR and the OP 1-3 were recorded from 15 eyes of 15 NIDDM patients aged from 45 to 63 years old with good HbA1c level and ophthalmoscopically intact fundus. As a control group, 8 eyes of 8 age-matched normal subjects were used. The amplitude and the implicit time of the STR as well as the amplitudes and the peak latencies of OP 1-3 were measured. RESULTS: The mean amplitude and the mean implicit time of the STR in the NIDDM group did not differ significantly from those in the control group. The mean amplitudes and the mean peak latencies of the OP 1-3 also showed no significant differences between the NIDDM and control groups. CONCLUSIONS: The STR in NIDDM patients remains normal with good HbA1c level and ophthalmoscopically intact fundus.     

Preretinopathic changes in the oscillatory potential in diabetic retina: interpretation and significance

1) The earliest electroretinographic manifestation of diabetic retina is a selective change in the oscillatory potential (OP), which originates in postsynaptic retinal neuronal circuits. "Diabetic intraretinal neuropathy" precedes angiopathic retinopathy. 2) The peak latency and the amplitude of the OP are significantly correlated with the psychophysical contrast threshold for motion perception (CTMP) measured with our original device. 3) The CTMP is not correlated with the conventional static contrast threshold measured with a commercially available chart (VCTS-6000). 4) The CTMP is beyond the upper limit in nondiabetic control eyes in 135 out of 162 diabetic eyes at stage 0 (no ophthalmoscopic diabetic retinopathy) and all retinopathic eyes at stages AI (11 eyes) and AII (21 eyes). The CTMP test, which is completely non-invasive and easy to perform, could be useful for mass-screening of early diabetic retinal dysfuction. 5) The amplitude of the OP is enhanced by dopamine and nomifensine (a potent dopamine-uptake blocker), and diminished by haloperidol (a potent antagonist to dopamine D1-D2 receptors). Intrinsic dopamine release in the retina would regulate the amplitude of the OP. 6) The intraretinal content of dopamine decreases in streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic rats where the OP amplitude is diminished, and increases in eyes where the OP amplitude is enhanced at the early stage in spontaneously diabetic (OLETF) rats. The changes in the OP amplitude in STZ-induced and OLETF diabetic rats can not be accounted for by the intraretinal content of gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA), glycine, glutamate, aspartate or taurine. The changes in the OP amplitude in the diabetic retina are at least partly due to dysfunction of dopaminergic retinal neurons. 7) The peak latency prolongation and the amplitude diminution of the OP in STZ-induced diabetic rats are normalized after insulin treatment, while vitreous fluorescein concentration by vitreous fluorophotometry is not restored by insulin. Thus, the OP changes in STZ-induced diabetic rats are not due to STZ toxicity but to diabetes per se, and are not attributable to blood-ocular barrier disruption as revealed by vitreous fluorophotometry. Retinal neuronal dysfunction revealed by the OP changes at the early preretinopathic stage in STZ-induced diabetic rats is reversible after insulin treatment. 8) The OP changes in OLETF rats are prevented by decreasing food intake by 30% to maintain their blood glucose level and body weight normal. Even in highly genetically diabetic animals, diet therapy starting at an early stage of life inhibits the diabetic OP changes. 9) The amplitude of the bicarbonate response from the retinal pigment epithelium diminishes even at the preretinopathic stage, and is significanly correlated with the peak latency and the amplitude of the OP. Diabetic retinal pigment epitheliopathy as well as retinal neuropathy takes place prior to angiopathic retinopathy in the diabetic retina.     

糖尿病性视乳头病变

目的:探讨糖尿病视乳头病变与糖尿病视网膜病变分期、糖尿病病程之间的关系。方法:回顾分析302例荧光素眼底血管造影、眼底镜、视野计检查确诊的糖尿病视网膜病变患者。根据我国现行的DR诊断分期标准对DR进行分期。统计分析糖尿病视乳头病变的发生率以及糖尿病视乳头病变与糖尿病病程、糖尿病视网膜病变分期之间的关系。结果:DR98例135眼有PD(32.4%),包括76眼发生缺血性视乳头病变,54眼发生视乳头水肿,5眼发生视神经萎缩。Ⅰ期DR糖尿病视乳头病变的发生率为8.3%,Ⅱ期DR糖尿病视乳头病变的发生率为21.1%,Ⅲ期DR糖尿病视乳头病变的发生率为32.4%,Ⅳ期DR糖尿病视乳头病变的发生率为44.8%,Ⅴ期DR糖尿病视乳头病变的发生率为76.2%。结论:糖尿病视乳头病变是糖尿病视网膜病变患者视力损害的常见原因,糖尿病视乳头病变发生率随糖尿病病程延长以及糖尿病视网膜病变的加重而增加.     

The Analysis of Electroretinography of Diabetes Mellitus

Purpose: In order to get deeper understanding of Diabetic Retinopathy (DR), we analyzed and evauated the results of the amplitude and latency of F-ERG a-wave, b-wave and the total amplitudes of oscillatory potentials(OPs).Methods: F-ERG of 105 eyes from 55 cases of DM were diagnosed by the medical department from July 1997 to July 1998. The 105 eyes were examined by ophthalmoscope and fluorescing in angiography and divided into there groups: 22 eyes with DM without DR(NDR), 56 eyes with background DR(BDR)and 27 eyes with proliferate DR(PDR). In addition, 30 eyes were regard as normal control group(NCG) . We used VATA-2000 type vision electrophysiological instrument and inter-national standard for clinical ERG to do measure meat and recording automatically by computer.Results: 1. The proportion of eyes number of invisible wave of a-wave, b-wave of F-ERG and Ops increased with the development of DR. 2. There were significant differences ( P< 0. 01) in the latency of a-wave between NCG and BDR and statistic     

视网膜电图在视网膜分支静脉阻塞分型中的应用价值

目的探讨根据视网膜电图(electroretinogram，ERG)对视网膜分支静脉阻塞(branch retinal vein occlusion，BRVO)分型的可能性。方法根据眼底荧光血管造影(fundus fluorescein angiography，FFA)将BRVO分为缺血型及非缺血型，同时行ERG检查，测a、b波振幅、峰潜时及b/a波振幅比值和振荡电位：OP₁、OP₂、OP₃、OP₄振幅、峰潜时及OP₁+OP₂+OP₃+OP₄的振幅之和OPs波的振幅。结果BRVO缺血型组b波及OPs振幅明显下降，缺血组与非缺血型组之间有显著差异。结论ERGb波及OPs振幅下降可作为缺血型的一项参考指标。(中华眼底病杂志,1998,14:10-11)     

Electroretinographic oscillatory potentials in insulin-dependent diabetes patients: A long-term follow-up

PURPOSE: The aim of this research was to study the relevance of long-term follow-up of electroretinographic oscillatory potentials (OPs) in predicting the onset of minimal non-proliferative diabetic retinopathy in insulin-dependent diabetes patients. METHODS: A total of 80 insulin-dependent diabetics, with normal fundi and normal OPs at first examination, were followed prospectively for 10 years. Oscillatory potentials were measured and fundus examinations performed once or twice per year. RESULTS: During follow-up, 35% of patients developed diabetic retinopathy after a mean disease duration of 12 +/- 2 years. A decrease in OP amplitudes was seen in 46% of this group, but reductions were also seen in the 25% of patients whose fundi remained normal. Statistical analysis of best-fit survival curves shows a significant difference (p < 0.001) in the point of Kaplan-Meiers' curve maximal linearity (TmaxS). CONCLUSIONS: It appears that eyes with reduced OP amplitude have a greater probability of developing diabetic retinopathy. Subnormal OP amplitudes are not proof of real concomitant visible vascular damage, but may reflect a predisposition to functional neurosensorial disorder.