3节段脊髓型颈椎病前路选择性减压植骨内固定疗效分析

目的探讨采用前路单个椎体次全切除联合单个间隙减压（选择性减压）治疗3节段脊髓型颈椎病的临床疗效。方法采用颈椎前路选择性减压植骨内固定治疗31例3节段脊髓型颈椎病。对于影像学上压迫较重的节段选择单椎体次全切除及上下椎间盘切除,压迫较轻的节段行单间隙减压。结果31例患者术后JOA评分均明显提高,改善率有统计学意义（P〈0．05）。根据Odom临床效果分级,优良率85％。结论选择性节段减压治疗3节段脊髓型颈椎病减压彻底,术后患者手术节段均获得了融合,手术节段高度无明显丢失,恢复的颈椎生理曲度无丢失,恢复了颈椎稳定性,患者术后症状改善满意．此手术是目前治疗3节段脊髓型颈椎病的较好方法,值得临床上推广应用。     

颈椎减压钛网植骨术后的前路再手术治疗

目的：分析颈椎减压钛网植骨术后疗效不佳的原因,探讨经前路再手术治疗该类患者的临床疗效。方法：自2004年1月至2011年12月,采用经颈前路再次减压手术治疗颈椎钛网植骨术后患者16例,男7例,女9例,年龄46～75岁,平均61岁。脊髓型颈椎病11例,神经根颈椎病2例,混合型颈椎病3例。首次手术至再次手术时间4～12年,平均7年。所有患者首次手术均行前路椎体次切钛网植骨内固定术,钛网植骨节段C3-C52例,C4-C6 8例,C4-C7 2例,C5-C74例,其中C4椎体次切钛网植入＋C5,6椎间盘摘除cage植入1例。患者术后症状好转或消失后再次复发13例;术后症状无明显改善2例;术后症状持续加重1例。所有患者再手术前行颈椎正侧位片、CT、MRI检查,12例患者融合节段的邻近节段退变引起脊髓或神经根的压迫,其中上节段4例,下节段8例;3例患者因减压节段椎体后缘骨赘形成,造成脊髓或神经根受压;1例患者因前路减压不彻底脊髓仍受压。应用日本骨科协会（JOA）评分系统,颈部功能障碍指数（ODI）及Odom分级标准来评价临床效果。结果：全部患者通过前路完成二次手术减压,手术时间80-150min,平均110min;出血量30-200ml,平均160ml。l例患者出现30ml较清引流液,怀疑脑脊液漏,术后第2天拔除引流液管后缝合引流口,10d后拆线切口Ⅰ／甲级愈合。其余患者无饮水呛咳、声音嘶哑、喉头水肿等并发症。16例均获随访,时间12～28个月,平均16个月。JOA评分及ODI指数术后2个月及末次随访与术前比较差异均有统计学意义（P〈0．01）,术后2个月与末次随访比较差异也有统计学意义（P〈0．01）。末次随访JOA评分改善率为（72．9±0．2）％。按照Odom临床效果分级标准：优12例,良3例,可1例。结论：颈椎减压钛网植骨术后,因手术减压不彻底、术后邻近节段的退变或新形成的各种致压因素、内植物引起的各种并发症等需要再次手术,而经前路再手术治疗患者能获得较好的临床疗效。     

前路减压植骨融合术治疗多节段脊髓型颈椎病

目的探讨带锁钢板在颈前路减压植骨术治疗多节段脊髓型颈椎病中的价值。方法42例脊髓型颈椎病,全部行颈前路椎体次全切除减压、自体髂骨植骨加带锁钢板固定术。结果植骨全部于术后12~16周骨性愈合。术后恢复之椎间高度未发生再丢失现象,颈椎生理曲度维持良好。术后JOA评分由术前平均8.5分升至14.5分。结论颈前路椎体次全切除减压、自体髂骨植骨加带锁钢板固定术治疗多节段脊髓型颈椎病具有很好的效果。     

颈前路钢板内固定治疗脊髓型颈椎病39例体会

目的观察颈前路钢板在脊髓型颈椎病手术中的作用和疗效。方法对39例脊髓型颈椎病患者行颈前路减压植骨、颈前路钢板内固定术，术后随访观察神经功能恢复情况、植骨融合率及有无植骨并发症。结果术后进行6—18个月（平均10个月）随访。症状明显缓解、脊髓功能明显改善者36例，占90％。术后8个月植骨融合率达到100％。无钢板断裂、螺钉松动、植骨不愈合、椎体高度丢失现象存在。结论应用颈前路减压植骨、颈前路钢板系统内固定术治疗脊髓型颈椎病具有以下优点：可获得术后颈椎即刻稳定，防止植骨块移位，手术时间短，术后无需行石膏固定，能显著提高植骨融合率。     

脊髓型及神经根型颈椎病的前路手术治疗

[目的]观察颈椎前路减压融合内固定术治疗脊髓型及神经根型颈椎病的临床疗效.[方法]2005年8月～2010年2月,158例脊髓型及神经根型颈椎病患者实施颈椎前路椎间隙减压自体髂骨植骨、椎体次全切减压钛网植入及椎间隙Cage植入钢板内固定术,158例患者全部获得随访,随访时间平均11.3个月.[结果]采用JOA评分评定临床效果,JOA评分13～16分,平均13.6分,其中优135例,良23例.植骨在3～6个月内融合,无骨不连及假关节形成.全组病例无1例神经症状加重、高热、应急性溃疡等并发症.[结论]颈椎前路减压融合内固定术治疗脊髓型及神经根型颈椎病的临床疗效满意,是较好的手术方式.甲基强的松龙在压迫较重的颈椎病前路手术中能够很好地保护脊髓功能.     

ACCF联合颈前路减压zero-p椎间植骨融合内固定术治疗多节段脊髓型颈椎病

目的探讨颈前路椎体次全切除减压融合术(ACCF)联合颈前路减压zero-p椎间植骨融合内固定术治疗多节段脊髓型颈椎病的临床疗效。方法回顾性分析自2016-05—2017-07采用ACCF联合颈前路减压zero-p椎间植骨融合内固定术治疗的30例多节段脊髓型颈椎病,比较术前、术后1周及末次随访时JOA评分、颈椎Cobb角、椎间隙高度。结果30例均顺利完成手术并获得完整随访,随访时间平均21.6个月,切口均一期愈合,植骨均骨性愈合,无内固定松动、移位、断裂、伤口感染、声音嘶哑及神经功能加重等并发症。术后1例出现脑脊液漏,2例出现吞咽不适,非手术治疗后均治愈。术后1周与末次随访时JOA评分、颈椎Cobb角、椎间隙高度较术前均明显改善,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。末次随访时根据JOA评分改善率评定综合疗效:优12例,良14例,可4例。结论ACCF联合颈前路减压zerop椎间植骨融合内固定术治疗多节段脊髓型颈椎病安全可靠,能够有效地恢复椎间隙高度和颈椎生理曲度。     

自锁式梭形植骨块在颈椎前路减压术中的临床应用

目的　报告采用自锁式梭形植骨块在颈椎前路减压术中的效果固定。方法　对 36例脊髓型颈椎病及颈间盘突出症实施彻底前路减压后 ,将减压骨窗两端椎体凿出圆台形小槽 ,然后将梭形自体髂骨骨块上端先放入上端小糟内 ,牵引头部。下端加力夯入下端小凹窝内。术后用颈椎围领固定。结果　随访 0 8～ 10年 ,平均 5 3年 ,均无移植骨块移位、脱出。术后 3个月复查X线片 ,见植骨块无移位、脱出。术后 3个月复查植骨块完全融合。结论　梭形植骨块植入后 ,具有稳定性强、抗屈伸、抗旋转和剪力应力。由于牢固稳定 ,使植骨块愈合快 ,同时术中术后避免骨块移动压迫脊髓等合并症的发生     

脊髓型颈椎病前路手术并发症的临床分析

目的分析脊髓型颈椎病前路手术的并发症及其原因，寻找防治对策。方法对96例脊髓型颈椎病患者采用前路减压植骨融合术，其中前路减压自体髂骨植骨融合16例，前路减压TFC椎间融合24例，前路减压自体髂骨植骨融合、前路锁定钢板固定56例。观察并分析术后并发症的发生情况。结果96例均获得随访，时间36—84（66±14）个月。发生并发症40例（51例次），发生率为41．7％。术后早期并发症包括：喉上神经损伤2例，硬膜破裂1例，植骨块移位1例，谵妄9例，C5神经麻痹6例，经过相应的对症处理均获得痊愈。远期并发症主要为邻近节段退变32例。4例出现新的神经症状和体征，其中2例再次行前路手术，术后症状有明显改善。结论颈椎前路手术伴有较高的并发症发生率，其原因是多方面的，均不同程度地影响着手术效果．尤其是邻近节段退变,临床应重视。     

颈椎前路减压术治疗脊髓型颈椎病

目的探讨脊髓型颈椎病的手术疗效。方法对诊断明确症状较重的12例脊髓型颈椎病患者采用前路减压、植骨融合、钛板内固定。结果所有病例随访6~18个月,术后3个月椎间植骨达骨性融合,症状消失或明显改善,除1例钢板松动术后第5天再次手术外,未见食道损伤、喉返神经损伤等并发症。结论颈椎前路手术治疗脊髓型颈椎病具有减压彻底、融合率高、内固定牢靠的优点,虽手术风险较大,但如操作细致,仍可避免一些并发症的发生。     

Secuplate颈前路钢板系统在脊髓型颈椎病手术中的应用

目的观察Secuplate颈前路钢板在脊髓型颈椎病手术中的作用和疗效。方法对26例脊髓型颈椎病患者行颈前路减压植骨、Secuplate颈前路钢板内固定术。术后随访观察神经功能恢复情况、植骨融合率及有无植入物并发症。结果术后进行6～12个月(平均8个月)随访。术后症状明显缓解、脊髓功能明显改善者23例,占88%。术后6个月植骨融合率达到100%。无钢板和螺钉松动或断裂现象存在。结论应用颈前路减压植骨、Secuplate颈前路钢板系统内固定术治疗脊髓型颈椎病具有以下优点:可获得术后颈椎即刻稳定,防止植骨块移位,术后无需行石膏固定,能显著提高植骨融合率。     

颈椎椎板切除术后神经根病

目的　报道一组多节段颈椎椎板切除术后神经根病并探讨其机理。　方法　２８７ 例颈椎椎板切除术患者中３７ 例（１２．９％ ） 出现手术后神经根病。其中男２７ 例,女１０ 例,平均年龄５６ 岁。其中颈椎病２５ 例, 后纵韧带骨化１２ 例。发病时间为手术后４ 小时～６ 天,最常见类型为颈５（Ｃ５） 、颈６（Ｃ６） 神经根,以运动障碍为主。　结果　完全缓解时间平均为５ ．４ 个月（２ 周～３ 年）。完全缓解时间与脊髓运动功能恢复率呈负相关（ｒ＝ －０ ．８３２, Ｐ＜ ０．０１）,颈椎病患者预后优于后纵韧带骨化（ｔ＝２ ．９６０, Ｐ＜ ０．０１）。　结论　手术后神经根病可能因颈椎后路减压后神经根栓系引起;前路减压及融合手术既可直接切除致压物,又能稳定脊柱,因而可有效预防手术后神经根病     

前路经椎间隙减压固定融合术治疗伴交感神经症状颈椎病的疗效分析

目的:探讨前路经椎间隙减压固定融合术治疗伴交感神经症状颈椎病的临床疗效。方法:回顾性分析2001年10月～2010年10月手术治疗的伴有明显头晕、头痛等交感神经症状的颈椎病患者156例,其中脊髓型59例,脊髓-神经根混合型97例。病变涉及单节段108例,2个节段39例,3个节段6例,4个节段3例。对全部病变节段行前路经椎间隙减压固定融合术,术中均彻底切除病变椎间隙处后纵韧带。观察比较术前、术后1周及末次随访时临床症状及影像学情况,采用交感神经症状20分法和JOA 17分法评定交感神经症状和脊髓神经功能改善情况。在颈椎正侧位及伸屈动力位X线片上进行影像学评价。结果:32例患者术后有一过性咽喉部疼痛不适感,经对症处理于术后3～5d症状均消失;无脑脊液漏、感染和血管、神经损伤。随访8～42个月,平均25个月。交感神经症状评分术前6.4±1.7分,术后1周1.6±1.7分,末次随访时2.4±1.4分,主观满意率79%;JOA评分术前9.8±2.4分,术后1周11.9±2.5分,末次随访12.9±2.2分。术后1周、末次随访时交感神经症状评分和JOA评分与术前比较均有统计学差异(P<0.05),末次随访时与术后1周比较无统计学差异(P>0.05)。末次随访时X线片显示手术节段均已融合,颈椎稳定性良好,无内固定松动和断裂。2例于术后3年因脊髓神经症状加重行二次后路减压手术。结论:颈前路经椎间隙减压固定融合术结合术中彻底切除病变椎间隙处后纵韧带治疗伴交感神经症状颈椎病的疗效良好。     

Autograft versus allograft in degenerative cervical disease.

Cervical spondylosis, common among people older than 50 years, may produce symptoms of cervical radiculopathy, myelopathy, or both. When patients with degenerative cervical disease require surgery, an anterior decompression of the neural elements and reconstruction of the anterior column with allograft or autograft is common. Allograft incorporates more slowly and less completely than autogenous bone graft, although harvest of autograft from the anterior iliac crest or the middle 1/3 of the fibula may be associated with postoperative morbidity. Overall, higher rates of fusion have been reported with autograft than allograft. However, similar fusion rates have been reported among nonsmokers having single-level anterior cervical interbody fusions. For patients requiring multilevel reconstruction surgery, fusion rates of approximately 100% have been achieved using autogenous strut grafts from the iliac crest and fibula, with a lower rate of incorporation for fibula allograft. The potential for a patient with a nonunion requiring additional operative treatment must be weighed against the potential for graft-related complications when choosing between autograft and allograft for anterior cervical reconstruction.     

伴上肢局部水肿的颈椎病与颈椎减压术的关系

[目的]探讨伴有上肢局部水肿的颈椎病患者的发病机理和与手术颈椎减压的关系。[方法]总结分析4a来收治的10例伴有上肢局部水肿的颈椎病人，其中脊髓型颈椎病7例，神经根型颈椎病2例，后纵韧带骨化型1例，7例行前路椎体次全切减压植骨内固定，1例行前路椎体次全切＋单间隙间盘摘除植骨内固定，2例行后路减压植骨内固定，术后观察患者水肿消退情况。[结果]10例病人上肢局部水肿不同程度消退，前路手术者较后路手术者消退快。[结论]颈椎病患者上肢水肿的发生与颈交感神经受激惹有关，通过前路或后路颈椎管减压，去除颈椎不稳、椎间盘突出、骨赘等交感神经受激惹因素，水肿可逐步消退。     

颈前路减压植骨融合Zero-P钢板与传统钢板内固定治疗单节段颈椎病的疗效比较

目的比较颈前路减压植骨融合Zero-P钢板与传统钢板内固定治疗单节段颈椎病的临床疗效。方法回顾性分析自2010-01—2013-04行颈前路减压植骨融合内固定术治疗的51例单节段颈椎病,24例术中采用Zero-P钢板(观察组),27例术中采用传统钢板与椎间融合器(对照组)。比较2组术后疼痛VAS评分(神经根型颈椎病)、JOA评分(脊髓型颈椎病)、NDI指数、颈椎Cobb角、吞咽困难Bazaz等级、植骨融合Eck等级、邻近节段退变发生率。结果 51例均获得随访,观察组随访(81.0±4.4)个月,对照组随访(79.0±3.4)个月。观察组术后1、6个月吞咽困难Bazaz分级优于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P <0.05);但2组术后12个月吞咽困难Bazaz分级差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。2组术后邻近节段退变发生率、术后12个月植骨融合Eck分级差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。观察组与对照组术后1个月、12个月及末次随访时JOA评分、疼痛VAS评分、NDI指数、颈椎Cobb角比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论颈前路减压植骨融合内固定治疗单节段颈椎病术中应用Zero-P钢板在减轻患者术后早期吞咽困难症状方面较传统颈前路钢板固定具有优势,但这两种手术方式在维持颈椎生理曲度、缓解临床症状、植骨愈合、邻近节段退变发生率方面并无明显差异。     

Cervical stabilization by plate and bone fusion

Anterior stabilization with combined plate and bone fusion was performed after neural decompression on ten patients for spondylotic cervical myelopathy, and for radiculopathy or trauma in three patients. Medial corpectomy was performed at one to four levels. Iliac crest or fibular bone grafts were secured by plates anchored to the graft and adjacent vertebral bodies. All patients were placed in Minerva braces postoperatively. There was successful fusion in all cases, and no graft dislodgement or kyphosis. Early initiation of rehabilitation was achieved. Morbidity occurred in patients with severe spondylotic cervical myelopathy. This include respiratory depression requiring reintubation in 2/13 procedures, dysphagia (2/13) from loosening of the screws or prominent hardware and graft, and screw loosening (2/13). Neurological improvement was present in 85% (11/13) of patients. There was no deterioration of neurological function in any case. We conclude from this early follow-up that anterior bone fusion with supplemental plates provides effective stabilization for the unstable cervical spine. Greater morbidity risk exists in patients with severe spondylotic cervical myelopathy and spastic quadriparesis who required multilevel medial corpectomies and fusion.     

颈前路钩椎关节减压和改良植骨术(附61例报告)

目的评估钩椎关节减压改良植骨术在颈椎手术中的应用价值,探讨其手术适应证。方法回顾性分析61例接受颈前路钩椎关节减压改良植骨术治疗的颈椎病,利用NDI和VAS评分评价疗效,X线片及CT检查评估融合情况。结果所有患者平均随访16.5个月(12~21个月),术后症状均得到改善,术后3、6个月NDI及VAS评分均显著改善(P<0.001)。术后18个月58例(95.1%)融合。结论钩椎关节减压改良植骨术治疗颈椎病可以提高融合率,避免常规术式中出现的供骨区并发症问题。该术式尤其适用于伴有神经根管狭窄的神经根型颈椎病或者混合型颈椎病。     

Chronic compression of the cervical myelon as complication of anterior interbody fusion (AIF): neurological improvement after late anterior decompression. Case report

Severe neurological deficits directly related to intraoperative injury of the spinal cord and the nerve roots is rare complication of anterior interbody fusion (AIF) in cervical spondylosis. A case of radiculopathy and Brown-Séquard Syndrome caused by a bone fragment following AIF in which a late anterior decompression and fusion of the cervical spine was performed four years after the initial operation is presented. Immediate relief of the radicular pain, improvement of the spasticity, and better spincter control could be achieved. Therefore, patients with chronic anterior compression of an incomplete spinal cord injury after AIF may benefit from a late anterior decompression and fusion.     

Surgical treatment of cervical spondylotic radiculomyelopathy with abnormal involuntary neck movements. Report of three cases

Cervical spondylotic myelopathy usually arises in patients in their late 40s or early 50s, most frequently at the C5/6 and C6/7 levels. Recently, excellent results have been attained with microsurgery in cases of cervical spondylosis. On the other hand, treatment of cervical spondylotic myelopathy in patients with athetoid dystonic cerebral palsy entails several problems. The authors report three cases of such troublesome myelopathy. A 34-year-old male with severe athetoid movement showed cervical spondylotic myelopathy. Myelography and magnetic resonance (MR) imaging demonstrated compression of the spinal cord through the C3-C5 levels. A 47-year-old female with athetoid dystonic cerebral palsy presented myelopathy. Myelography and MR imaging showed instability and spinal cord compression at the C5/6 level. A 34-year-old male with spasmodic torticollis showed C6 radiculopathy due to cervical disc hernia at the C5/6 level. Cervical anterior decompression with interbody fusion brought temporary improvement in all the three patients. However, such problems as slippage of Halo-vest, difficulty in eating during Halo-vest fixation, relapse of neurological deficit, were experienced. Due to postoperative cervical instability, cervical laminectomy is considered to be contraindicated in such patients. Anterior decompression with bone fusion has been reported effective, but, if athetoid dystonia continues, there is a potential for myelopathic deterioration due to spondylotic changes adjacent to the fused vertebrae.