自制冰袋联合弹力绷带加压冷敷用于经桡动脉介入术后上肢血肿的护理观察

目的探讨自制冰袋联合弹力绷带加压冷敷对经桡动脉介入术后上肢血肿的临床效果。方法将经桡动脉行冠状动脉介入诊疗术后发生上肢血肿患者58例,随机分为观察组和对照组,各29例。对照组采用弹力绷带加压包扎。观察组采用自制冰袋冷敷,再用弹力绷带加压包扎,冰袋4h更换1次,均持续24h。观察两组术后4h、12h、24h患肢疼痛和肿胀程度,并进行比较。结果观察组术后4h、12h疼痛评分显著低于对照组(P0.01),观察组术后各时间点上肢肿胀值均低于对照组(P0.01,P0.05)。结论自制冰袋联合弹力绷带加压冷敷,对缓解经桡动脉行冠状动脉介入诊疗术后上肢血肿引起的局部肿胀和疼痛,明显优于弹力绷带加压包扎,减轻了患者痛苦,提高了护理效果。     

15%乙醇冰袋链在膝关节镜术后护理中的应用

目的:探讨膝关节镜术后15%乙醇冰袋链冷敷的效果。方法:选择2013年6月~2015年1月我科收治膝关节镜患者98例,将其随机等分为观察组和对照组,术后对照组采用普通清水冰袋局部冷敷;观察组采用15%乙醇冰袋链冷敷,比较两组患者术后12,24,48 h的疼痛视觉模拟评分(VAS)、肿胀评分及Lysholm膝关节评分。结果:观察组患者术后12,24,48 h疼痛、肿胀程度评分均低于对照组(P0.05),膝关节功能评分高于对照组(P0.05)。结论:15%乙醇冰袋链冷敷可有效减轻膝关节镜术后膝关节疼痛和肿胀,有利于患者膝关节功能早期康复。     

不同冷疗护理时间对全膝关节置换术后疗效的影响

目的探讨不同冷疗时间对全膝关节置换术后疗效的影响。方法纳入66例全膝关节置换术后的患者,随机分为实验组和对照组。实验组术后连续冰敷72 h,对照组术后冰敷24 h,比较2组患者的术后引流量、肿胀程度、VAS评分及膝关节活动度。结果实验组患者在术后引流量、VAS评分、肿胀程度均低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05);膝关节活动度明显高于对照组,差异具有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论全膝关节置换术后进行持续冷疗72 h,可明显减少患者术后引流量、减轻局部肿胀、缓解局部疼痛、促进患者早日康复,安全有效,值得临床推广。     

踝关节骨折术后冷敷压迫疗法的观察

目的评价冷敷压迫疗法对踝关节骨折术后的疗效。方法60例踝关节骨折相同类型患者随机分为两组,观察组30例,踝关节骨折术后运用棉垫加压包扎,加冰水复合物冰袋冷敷,每日4次,每次45 min。对照组30例术后用美敷贴贴手术切口。(1)记录两组术后6 h、12 h、24 h静止和运动时VAS评分;(2)记录术后第1天、第2天、第3天内踝尖水平、胫骨下平台水平、内踝尖上5 cm水平周径。结果两组比较,观察组术后6 h、12 h、24 h静止和运动VAS评分明显低于对照组,(P0.01)。两组术后第1天、第2天、第3天内踝尖水平、胫骨下平台水平、内踝尖上5 cm水平周径比较,差异有极显著意义(P0.01),观察组局部消肿较对照组明显。结论棉垫加压加冰水复合物冰袋冷敷,可以减轻术后肿胀和疼痛,改善关节活动度,减少并发症,促进损伤修复。     

四肢及多部位骨折患者中应用自制冷敷袋的临床效果

目的 观察在四肢和多部位骨折患者中应用自制冷敷袋的临床效果。方法 选取2019年6月—2021年6月医院收治的60例四肢及多部位骨折患者作为研究对象,按照组间基本特征具有可比性的原则分为对照组和观察组,每组30例。对照组给予常规冷敷干预,观察组应用自制冷敷袋进行冷敷干预,比较两组冷敷前和冷敷12 h、24 h、48 h和72 h后的视觉模拟评分法(VAS)和肿胀分级,并统计疼痛和肿胀的症状消失时间、炎性相关并发症和冷敷不良反应发生情况。结果 两组患者冷敷前至冷敷后72 h,VAS评分逐渐降低,时点间差异有统计学意义(P_时间<0.05),并且冷敷后各时点VAS评分均以观察组低于对照组,组间差异有统计学意义(P_组间<0.05),冷敷后两组VAS评分差异逐渐增大,48 h达最大,以后且随着观察时间延长,组间差异逐渐降低(P_交互<0.05)。观察组患者血清多巴胺、去甲肾上腺素、皮质醇低于对照组,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。两组患者冷敷前至冷敷72 h后的肿胀分级呈逐渐降低趋势,时点间差异有统计学...     

放松式和激励式护理模式对整形美容患者术后焦虑及疼痛的影响

目的 探讨放松式和激励式护理模式对整形美容患者术后焦虑及疼痛的影响.方法 选择接受美容整形手术的患者78例,根据护理方式不同分为观察组和对照组,每组39例.其中对照组给予常规的护理,观察组在常规护理的基础上给予放松式和激励式心理护理,对比两组患者的疼痛及焦虑情况.结果 观察组术后6、12、24 h的VAS评分显著低于对照组（P＜0.05）,患者疼痛持续时间以及疼痛频率显著低于对照组（P＜0.05）.观察组术后的SAS评分及SDS评分低于术前（P＜0.05）,且明显低于对照组（P＜0.05）.结论 放松式和激励式护理模式能够有效的降低整形美容患者术后的疼痛以及焦虑的感觉,放松式和激励式护理疗法可作为美容整形患者心理护理的重要手段之一.     

曲马多复合芬太尼术后镇痛对高血压病患者应激反应的影响

目的:探讨曲马多复合芬太尼静脉自控镇痛对高血压病患者内皮素(ET),肾素-血管紧张素-醛固酮系统(RAAS)的影响.方法:40例拟行骨科手术的高血压病患者随机分为两组:A组为对照组,术后根据需要间断肌注哌替啶镇痛;B组术后行曲马多复合芬太尼静脉自控镇痛(PCIA).采用放免法测定术前、术毕、术后24 h及术后48 h血浆ET、肾素活性(PRA)及血管紧张素Ⅱ(AngⅡ)浓度;监测心率、血压及VAS评分.结果:B组术毕、术后24 h及48 h血浆ET值显著低于A组(P＜0.01),而且B组术毕及术后24 h血浆PRA,AngⅡ值低于A组,B组术后收缩压(SBP)及VAS评分显著低于A组同期值(P＜0.01).结论:术后曲马多复合芬太尼静脉自控镇痛,能有效减轻病人疼痛,抑制高血压患者ET、PRA和Ang Ⅱ释放和应激反应()维持血液动力学稳定.     

丙帕他莫联合曲马多在骨科手术围手术期镇痛效果的研究

目的探讨丙帕他莫联合曲马多在骨科围手术期镇痛效果。方法将该院112例接受骨科手术治疗的患者随机分为研究组和对照组,每组各56例,研究组患者给予丙帕他莫联合曲马多在围手术期进行镇痛,对照组患者给予术后常规镇痛药物。观察2组患者术后围手术期药物的使用剂量。应用视觉模拟评分法(VAS)评估患者的术后疼痛疗效。结果术后2h、1d和2d的3个时间段,研究组患者VAS显著低于对照组,且研究组术后1、2d及整个围手术期的镇痛药物使用量均小于对照组,差异均有统计学意义(P0.01)。研究组患者术后不良反应发生率也显著低于对照组,差异也有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论联合使用丙帕他莫和曲马多可有效减轻术后疼痛并还可减少因大量应用阿片类药物导致的不良反应。     

髂筋膜平面阻滞联合腕踝针在髋关节置换术围术期镇痛中的应用

目的观察髂筋膜平面阻滞复合腕踝针在髋关节置换术后的镇痛效果。方法将60例硬膜外麻醉下行髋关节置换术的患者随机分为2组,均在硬膜外麻醉前行超声引导下患侧髂筋膜阻滞,试验组患者术后行腕踝针阻滞,并对2组中术后疼痛评分超过4分者给予曲马多注射液。记录2组患者术后1、6、12、24、36、48 h的视觉模拟评分法(VAS)评分,比较2组术后镇痛药使用量和不良反应发生率。结果试验组术后6、12、24 h的VAS评分显著低于对照组(P 0. 05),2组患者术后1、36、48 h的VAS评分比较,差异无统计学意义(P 0. 05);试验组曲马多注射液用量显著少于对照组(P 0. 05);试验组患者的总不良反应发生率显著低于对照组(P 0. 01)。结论髂筋膜阻滞联合腕踝针针刺能明显减轻患者的的术后疼痛,减少术后镇痛药的使用量以及术后并发症的发生。     

术前心理干预在开胸患者术后疼痛控制中的作用

目的 探讨术前心理干预对术后疼痛控制的效果.方法 将63例接受开胸手术的患者随机分为实验组和对照组.对照组采用常规护理,实验组采用认知行为疗法进行术前心理干预.术后采用视觉模拟评分法(VAS),对两组患者进行疼痛评定,同时评估其镇痛药的使用人次.结果 实验组患者术后8 h和术后24 h VAS评分显著低于对照组(P<0.01),术后使用镇痛药的人次也显著少于对照组(P<0.01).结论 术前心理干预有助于开胸术后的疼痛控制.     

Guns and Knives in New Mexico: Patterns of Penetrating Trauma, 1978–1993

Objective: To identify patterns of nonfatal and fatal penetrating trauma among children and adults in New Mexico using ED and medical examiner data.
Methods: The authors retrospectively sampled in 5-year intervals all victims of penetrating trauma who presented to either the state Level-1 trauma center or the state medical examiner from a 16-year period (1978–1993). Rates of nonfatal and fatal firearm and stabbing injury were compared for children and adults.
Results: Rates of nonfatal injury were similar (firearm, 34.3 per 100,000 person-years; stabbing, 35.1). However, rates of fatal injury were significantly different (firearm, 21.9; stabbing, 2.7; relative risk: 8.2; 95% confidence interval: 5.4, 12.5). From 1978 to 1993, nonfatal injury rates increased for children (p = 0.0043) and adults (p < 0.0001), while fatal penetrating injury remained constant. The increase in nonfatal injury in children resulted from increased firearm injury rates. In adults, both stabbing and firearm nonfatal injury rates increased.
Conclusions: Nonfatal injury data suggest that nonfatal violence has increased; fatal injury data suggest that violent death rates have remained constant. Injury patterns vary by age, mechanism of trauma, and data source. These results suggest that ED and medical examiner data differ and that both are needed to guide injury prevention programs.     

Interprofessional approaches to creating safe,high quality health care

Three supplementary perspectives are presented arguing that interprofessional collaboration is both necessary and desirable. Nonetheless, there are often too many serious intra-professional barriers and obstacles to interprofessional collaboration to make it successful. Some of these barriers, it is argued and illustrated, are found in the multiple ways in which professional identity is tacitly acquired and embodied in the practitioners' habitual, everyday practice. The paper then explores ways in which reflection, especially Second order reflection, can help to elucidate and overcome these obstacles, as well as increasing professional adaptability and competence.     

Systematic Reviews Published in the January 2011 Issue of The Cochrane Library

ABSTRACT

The Cochrane Library of Systematic Reviews is published quarterly as a DVD and monthly online. The January 2011 issue (first quarterly DVD for 2011) contains 4515 complete reviews, 1985 protocols for reviews in production, and 13,521 one-page summaries of systematic reviews published in the general medical literature. In addition, there are citations of 641,000 randomized controlled trials, and 14,018 cited papers in the Cochrane methodology register. The health technology assessment database contains over 9300 citations. One hundred and seven new reviews have been published in the last 3 months, of which five have potential relevance for practitioners in pain and palliative medicine.     

Determination of creatine kinase isoenzyme MB activity in serum using immunological inhibition of creatine kinase M subunit activity. Activity kinetics and diagnostic significance in myocardial infarction.

This is a new method for the determination of creatine kinase isoenzyme MB activity in serum. The method uses direct activity measurement of creatine kinase B subunit activity after blocking of CK-M subunit activity by inhibiting antibodies. The test takes no longer than 15 min. The method yields an intra-serial C.V. of 2.0-12.9%, and a C.V. from day to day of 5.5%. The detection limit is 3.4 U/l creatine kinase MB. In the 95 cases with proven myocardial infarction several types of creatine kinase MB activity kinetics could be determined. The percentage of creatine kinase MB of peak CK-total is 6-25%, with a mean of 11.1%. The amount of creatine kinase MB with respect to total CK activity after reinfarction is higher than the amount after initial infarction.     

俯卧位通气对高海拔地区肺复张治疗无效急性呼吸窘迫综合征患者氧合的影响

目的 探讨俯卧位通气对高海拔地区肺复张术(RM)治疗无效急性呼吸窘迫综合征(ARDS)患者的治疗作用.方法 从海拔2260m的地区医院筛选RM治疗无效的41例ARDS患者[平均氧合指数( PaO2/FiO2)较RM前升高＜20％视为RM无效],依不同病因分为肺内源性ARDS组(ARDSp组)和肺外源性ARDS组(ARDSexp组),每组再按信封法随机分为俯卧位组和仰卧位组,即ARDSp俯卧位组(11例)、ARDSp仰卧位组(9例)、ARDSexp俯卧位组(10例)、ARDSexp仰卧位组(11例).在通气前及通气1、2、3、4h监测动脉血氧分压( PaO2)、PaO2/FiO2、静态顺应性(Cst)、气道阻力(Raw)的变化.结果 通气lh时,ARDSexp俯卧位组PaO2/FiO2( mm Hg,l mm Hg=0.133 kPa)即较通气前显著升高(157.4±40.6比129.3±48.7,P＜0.05),并随通气时间延长呈持续增高趋势,4h达峰值(219.1 ±41.1);且ARDSexp俯卧位组通气3h内PaO2/FiO2较其他3组显著增高,另3组间则差异无统计学意义.ARDSp俯卧位组、ARDSexp俯卧位组通气4h时PaO2/FiO2均较相应仰卧位组显著增高(208.8±39.7比127.4±47.1,219.1±41.1比124.9±50.8,均P＜0.05).4组通气前后Cst无显著改变,各组间差异也无统计学意义.ARDSp俯卧位组通气4h时Raw(cmH2O·L-1·s-1)较通气前显著降低(6.8±1.7比10.7±1.8,P＜0.05),且明显低于其他3组;其他3组各时间点Raw组内及组间比较差异均无统计学意义.结论 俯卧位通气作为ARDS机械通气重要策略之一,可以改善RM无效高原ARDS患者的氧合,为抢救患者赢得宝贵的时间.     

Digital imaging among medical facilities

The Department of Veterans Affairs (VA) in the USA operates a network of 172 medical centres which all utilize a hospital information system (HIS) which has been developed and is currently maintained by the VA. During the past several years, an image management and communication module has been developed, installed and clinically utilized at the Washington DC and Maryland VA Medical Centres. This image management and communication system, referred to as the decentralized hospital computer program (DHCP) imaging system, is fully integrated with a commercial picture archiving and communication system (PACS). The system is utilized to capture, archive, and display all images generated within the hospital including radiology, nuclear medicine, pathology, endoscopy, bronchoscopy, and dermatology, intraoperative photographs, ECG data, and a limited number of paper documents. The ultimate goal of the project is to have all patient text and image data available at any clinical workstation to any authorized user anywhere within the network of medical centres. Clinical requirements for an imaging workstation include ease of use, rapid and reliable access to the complete set of patient information, and images which are of acceptable quality to meet the requirements of the user and the subspecialty. Patient confidentiality and data security must be safeguarded at all times. Integration of the images with the remainder of the patient's database was found to be critical to the success of the project. The experience at the Washington and Maryland facilities suggests that an imaging system that is successfully integrated with a hospital information system can provide substantial clinical and economic benefits both within and among medical centres. Clinical acceptance and utilization of the system has been excellent, particularly in diagnostic radiology where DHCP Imaging has been interfaced to a commercial PAC system. Based upon this initial experience, the VA has begun to deploy the system throughout its large network of medical centres.     

Myocardial elastography at both high temporal and spatial resolution for the detection of infarcts

Myocardial elastography is a novel method for noninvasively assessing regional myocardial function, with the advantages of high spatial and temporal resolution and high signal-to-noise ratio (SNR). In this paper, in-vivo experiments were performed in anesthetized normal and infarcted mice (one day after left anterior descending coronary artery [LAD] ligation) using a high-resolution (30 MHz) ultrasound system (Vevo 770, VisualSonics Inc., Toronto, ON, Canada). Radiofrequency (RF) signals of the left ventricle (LV) in longitudinal (long-axis) view and the associated electrocardiogram (ECG) were simultaneously acquired. Using a retrospective ECG gating technique, 2-D full field-of-view RF frames were acquired at an extremely high frame rate (8 kHz) that resulted in high-quality incremental displacement and strain estimation of the myocardium. The incremental results were further accumulated to obtain the cumulative displacements and strains. Two-dimensional and M-mode displacement images and strain images (elastograms), as well as displacement and strain profiles as a function of time, were compared between normal and infarcted mice. Incremental results clearly depicted cardiac events including LV contraction, LV relaxation and isovolumetric phases in both normal and infarcted mice, and also evidently indicated reduced motion and deformation in the infarcted myocardium. The elastograms indicated that the infarcted regions underwent thinning during systole rather than thickening, as in the normal case. The cumulative elastograms were found to have higher elastographic SNR (SNR(e)) than the incremental elastograms (e.g., 10.6 vs. 4.7 in a normal myocardium, and 6.0 vs. 2.4 in an infarcted myocardium). Finally, preliminary statistical results from nine normal (m = 9) and seven infarcted (n = 7) mice indicated the capability of the cumulative strain in differentiating infracted from normal myocardia. In conclusion, myocardial elastography could provide regional strain information at simultaneously high temporal (>/=0.125 ms) and spatial ( approximately 55 microm) resolution as well as high precision ( approximately 0.05 microm displacement). This technique was thus capable of accurately characterizing normal myocardial function throughout an entire cardiac cycle, at the same high resolution, and detecting and localizing myocardial infarction in vivo.     

Prise en charge des entorses externes de cheville : étude clinique préliminaire sur l’efficacité du dispositif Myolux™

Ankle sprains are the most common injury of the musculoskeletal system and are associated with significant societal and economic impacts. It has been proven that classical therapeutic strategies may not be effective in preventing recurrent injuries: the recurrence rates reported in the literature can reach 73%. In order to provide an effective rehabilitation solution, a destabilizing orthosis was developed. This device is equipped with a mechanical articulator reproducing the subtalar mechanics and placed under the heel. In this paper, we present the main results of a preliminary clinical study conducted between 2004 and 2007. All subjects included in this study were treated with the abovementioned orthosis during 10 rehabilitation sessions of 30 minutes each. Data show a relatively low recurrence rate of 12% for the overall population. Moreover, it's of primary importance to note that this satisfactory ratio is largely reduced (3% of recurrence rate) for the 29 patients who performed one training session per month after the 10th initial rehabilitation sessions. Hence, the destabilizing orthosis appears to be an effective solution to prevent recurrent ankle sprains. However, joint protection requires long-term and regular training sessions. This result has motivated the development of a similar device allowing patients to perform training sessions at home. Finally, data obtained in this study are promising awaiting the final results of the comparative, multicentric and independent clinical trials currently managed by the Hospices Civils de Lyon.