中国枣属药用植物资源化学研究进展△

我国枣属可供药用的植物主要包括枣、酸枣及滇刺枣。枣属药用植物所含资源化学成分类型较为复杂,主要包括三萜类、黄酮类、生物碱类、核苷类及神经酰胺类等。各类成分在不同植物及同种植物不同组织器官的组成及含量存在差异。不同栽培品种及产地样品的资源化学成分含量差异显著。不同成熟期样品的资源化学成分含量变化具有一定的规律性。     

蓝桉的化学成分及其药理活性研究进展

蓝桉Eucalyptus globulus是桃金娘科桉属植物,常以叶和果实入药,具有疏风解热、抑菌消炎、防腐止痒等功效。近年来从其果实、叶和茎皮中发现大量的生物活性成分,如间苯三酚衍生物、黄酮类、三萜类等。现代药理学研究表明,蓝桉中的化学成分具有抗菌、抗病毒、抗肿瘤、抗氧化和降血糖等多种生物活性。经系统文献调研,对蓝桉的化学成分及药理作用进行综述,并对蓝桉的开发利用前景进行展望,为进一步合理开发和综合利用蓝桉的药用资源提供参考。     

桑属植物中异戊烯基黄酮类化合物及其药理活性研究进展

桑科桑属植物在我国分布广泛,其枝、叶、根皮、果实均可入药,具有很高的药用价值。目前从桑属植物中分离得到的化学成分有黄酮、生物碱、香豆素、萜类、多糖等,其中异戊烯基黄酮类化合物为其特征成分,具有抗菌、抗炎、抗肿瘤、抗病毒、降血压、降血糖、抗氧化等多种药理活性。主要对桑属植物中异戊烯基黄酮类化合物及其药理活性的研究进展进行综述,为桑属植物的开发利用和药效物质研究提供参考。     

五味子活性成分及药理作用研究进展

五味子(Schisandra chinensis)为木兰科植物五味子的干燥成熟果实。近年来,国内外学者对五味子各个部位的活性成分及药理作用进行了大量的研究,表明五味子具有药用和食用的双重功能,被广泛用作保健品和药品。该文对五味子的活性成分及药理作用进行系统地整理,发现五味子果实、种子、根、藤茎、叶等药用部位主要包含木脂素类、挥发油类、三萜类、多糖类及黄酮类化合物,其中木脂素类为五味子中的主要特征性活性成分,三萜类、多糖类及挥发油的活性次之,黄酮类化合物活性鲜有报道。通过对五味子药理学研究发现,五味子木脂素类成分对中枢神经系统、心血管系统、肝脏、肾脏和生殖系统均有一定的影响,且还具有抗氧化、抗肿瘤、抑菌、抗人类免疫缺陷病毒(HIV)的作用。其他化学成分也均具有较好的药理活性,但相比木脂素类,研究深度仍有待挖掘。该研究为开发利用五味子,同时为今后深入开展五味子的药品和保健品提供了重要的参考和基础。     

山楂药用价值与上市药品研究进展

山楂Crataegus pinnatifida属蔷薇科植物,其果实、叶、种子、根等均具有极高的价值,在医药、食品、化工等领域均有较广泛的应用。山楂不同部位的药用功效主要用于治疗心脑血管疾病、代谢性疾病、细菌感染等。随着研究逐步深入,现已有多种相关药品上市,并在临床上得到广泛使用。通过对山楂不同入药部位进行分类整理,按药理作用分别对其上市药品的临床应用、基础研究及质量研究等进行综述,探讨山楂在开发大健康产品方面的优势,为山楂的综合利用与开发提供参考。     

Codonopsis lanceolata: A Review of Its Therapeutic Potentials

Codonopsis lanceolata (Campanulaceae) is dicotyledonous herbaceous perennial plant, predominantly found in Central, East, and South Asia. This plant has been widely used in traditional medicine and is considered to have medicinal properties to treat diseases and symptoms such as bronchitis, coughs, spasm, psychoneurosis, cancer, obesity, hyperlipidemia, edema, hepatitis, colitis, and lung injury. C. lanceolata contains many biologically active compounds, including polyphenols, saponins, tannins, triterpene, alkaloids, and steroids, which contribute to its numerous pharmacological activities. Through systematic studies, the pharmacological actions of these compounds have been revealed. Therapeutic potentialities of C. lanceolata and its previously reported molecular mechanisms are described in this review. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Anti-inflammatory activity of phylligenin, a lignan from the fruits of Forsythia koreana, and its cellular mechanism of action

AIM OF THE STUDY: The fruits of Forsythia koreana have long been used in Chinese medicine to treat inflammatory disorders. However, the pharmacological data is not sufficient to clearly establish a scientific rationale for the anti-inflammatory medicinal use of this plant material, and the search for its active principles has been limited so far. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Phylligenin (lignan) was isolated from the fruits of Forsythia koreana and its anti-inflammatory activity was examined. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Phylligenin (1-100 microM) and the methanol extract of Forsythia koreana fruits inhibited cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2)-mediated prostaglandin E(2) and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS)-mediated nitric oxide (NO) synthesis from lipopolysaccharide-treated RAW 264.7 cells. In the mechanism study, phylligenin inhibited iNOS expression and nuclear factor-kappaB (NF-kappaB) activation but had no effect on COX-2 expression. Moreover, phylligenin significantly inhibited mouse carrageenan-induced paw edema by intraperitoneal administration (22.1-34.7% inhibition at 12.5-100 mg/kg). These pharmacological properties indicate that phylligenin possesses significant anti-inflammatory activity in vitro and in vivo, and may provide the scientific rationale for anti-inflammatory use of the fruits of Forsythia koreana.     

基于栝楼不同药用部位化学成分和性效关系的质量标志物分析

栝楼的不同部位皆可入药,分别为瓜蒌(果实)、瓜蒌皮(果皮)、瓜蒌子(种子)和天花粉(根)。现代研究证实,栝楼皮主要有效成分为黄酮类、氨基酸等;栝楼籽主要含有萜类、甾醇类等成分;天花粉主要含蛋白质、萜类、多糖等成分。且各个药用部位的药理作用也存在差异。对栝楼的不同药用部位的传统功效、化学成分和药理作用进行总结,分析各部位化学成分与传统应用、现代药理作用之间的关系,并基于此对栝楼的质量标志物进行分析和预测。     

杠板归不同部位代谢组差异研究

目的:比较杠板归不同部位代谢物积累的差异,为揭示其不同部位化学成分与功效的相关性和制定杠板归质量评价方法提供参考。方法:利用非靶向代谢组学方法检测杠板归茎、叶、果中代谢物,采用主成分分析和正交偏最小二乘法-判别分析等多元统计分析方法筛选出差异代谢物(DAMs),利用京都基因与基因组百科全书(KEGG)平台对DAMs进行富集分析。结果:从杠板归茎、叶、果中共鉴定出442个成分,其中酒石酸、L-苹果酸、N-α-乙酰基赖氨酸、L-谷氨酰胺、2-氯-L-苯丙氨酸、哌啶酸、2-甲基丙醛、甜菜碱、2-苯乙醇、L-丝氨酸等为茎、叶、果中共有的优势成分。杠板归茎、叶、果的代谢物质差异显著,茎和叶、茎和果、叶和果的DAMs数量分别为724、573、583个。果中黄酮类成分橙皮素、金丝桃苷、高良姜黄素、根皮苷和紫杉醇的含量显著高于茎和叶,而木犀草素-7-葡萄糖苷、异鼠李素、黄芩素和槲皮素-3-O-葡萄糖苷含量显著低于茎和叶。茎、叶、果的DAMs主要富集在氨酰tRNA生物合成通路、精氨酸生物合成通路、乙醛酸和二羧酸代谢通路上。结论:杠板归茎、叶、果之间有大量DAMs,这对其药效可能具有重要影响,研究结果可为杠板归药材质量评价提供参考。     

三七皂苷类成分及对心血管作用的研究进展

三七为五加科植物三七Panax notoginseng的根及根茎,为常用中药,具有止血、散瘀、消肿、止痛等功能。此外,其茎叶、花、果实在民间也做药用。三七的主要药效成分为达玛烷型皂苷,具有较强的生物活性,引起医药界的广泛关注。现已从三七及其地上部分分离得到近百种皂苷类成分。根据苷元结构的不同,分为4类,分别为PPD型,PPT型,C17侧链变化型以及其他类型。该研究对三七的不同部位中的皂苷类化学成分进行了系统归纳,同时对三七皂苷在心血管方面的药理活性进行综述。     

Dittany of Crete: A botanical and ethnopharmacological review

Origanum dictamnus (Lamiaceae family), an endemic plant of the Greek island of Crete, is widely used as a traditional medicine since antiquity, all over Europe. The aim of the present review is to present comprehensive information of the plant's botanical taxonomy and morphology, as well as of the chemical constituents, biological and pharmacological research on O. dictamnus, which will be presented and critically evaluated. The paper also highlights particularly interesting aspects and common medicinal uses not previously described in the specific ethnobotanical literature. An increasing number of chemical and pharmacological studies have been reported recently, some of which strongly support its traditional medicinal uses against various illnesses such as sore throat, cough and gastric ulcer. A variety of compounds, including flavonoids, lipids and terpenoids (mainly carvacrol and thymol) have been identified from the plant. Current studies have showed that the extracts, the essential oil, as well as their active principles possess several pharmacological properties, like antimicrobial, antioxidant and anti-ulcer ones. The recent scientific data and the rich historical evidence of its medicinal uses could support further research as well as its use as a safe herbal medicinal product.     

Sclerocarya birrea (a. rich) hochst. [‘marula’] (anacardiaceae): a review of its phytochemistry,pharmacology and toxicology and its ethnomedicinal uses

A plethora of ethnotherapeutic properties and pharmacological actions have been attributed to Sclerocarya birrea (family: Anacardiaceae). It is one of the most highly valued indigenous trees of southern Africa. Reports in biomedical literature have indicated the presence of medicinally‐important chemical constituents in the plant, notably: polyphenols, tannins, coumarins, flavonoids, triterpenoids, phytosterols, and so forth. Pharmacological studies by various groups of investigators have shown that S. birrea possesses antidiarrhoeal, antidiabetic, anti‐inflammatory, antimicrobial, antiplasmodial, antihypertensive, anticonvulsant, antinociceptive and antioxidant properties, thus lending pharmacological support to the plant's folkloric, ethnotherapeutic uses in South African traditional medicine. In view of the immense medicinal importance of the plant, this review aimed at compiling all currently available information on S. birrea's chemical constituents, as well as its ethnomedicinal, pharmacological and toxicological properties. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Review of Pharmacological Effects of Myrtus communis L. and its Active Constituents

Myrtle (Myrtus communis L., Myrtaceae) is a medicinal herb used worldwide in traditional medicine. A large number of components have been isolated from this herb. Polyphenols, myrtucommulone (MC), semimyrtucommulone (S‐MC), 1,8‐cineole, α‐pinene, myrtenyl acetate, limonene, linalool and α‐terpinolene are among the compounds considered to be the main biologically active components. Various parts of this herb such as its berries, leaves and fruits have been used extensively as a folk medicine for several centuries. The herb is used traditionally for the treatment of disorders such as diarrhea, peptic ulcer, hemorrhoid, inflammation, pulmonary and skin diseases, although clinical and experimental studies suggest that it possesses a broader spectrum of pharmacological and therapeutic effects such as antioxidative, anticancer, anti‐diabetic, antiviral, antibacterial, antifungal, hepatoprotective and neuroprotective activity. The present review attempts to give an overview on the phytochemical, pharmacological, toxicological and clinical studies of total extracts and the most relevant active ingredients of M. communis. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

红豆属植物化学成分及其药理活性研究进展

豆科红豆属Ormosia Jacks.植物共有135种,中国有35种,2变种,2变型,主要分布于福建、广东、广西、云南等地,具有较高的药用价值。目前,红豆属植物中已发现的化学成分主要有生物碱类、黄酮类、三萜类及其他类型化合物,具有良好的抗氧化、抗癌、杀虫、抑菌等药理活性。对红豆属植物的化学成分及药理活性进行综述,为进一步开发该属药用植物资源和有效物质基础提供理论依据。     

刺山柑的化学成分与药理作用研究进展＊

刺山柑是维吾尔族习用药材，具有广泛的药理作用，包括抗炎止痛、保肝、降血糖、降血脂、抗氧化等，目前已发现生物碱类、黄酮类、硫苷类等是其主要活性成分。本文主要是对近十年来刺山柑不同药用部位的成分、药理作用及其相关临床应用的研究进行了详细的综述，旨在为刺山柑的药用价值得到合理利用提供依据。     

In vivo Antimalarial Activity of a Labdane Diterpenoid from the Leaves of Otostegia integrifolia Benth

In Ethiopian traditional medicine, the leaves of Otostegia integrifolia Benth. are used for the treatment of several diseases including malaria. In an ongoing search for effective, safe and cheap antimalarial agents from plants, the 80% methanol leaf extract O. integrifolia was tested for its in vivo antimalarial activity, in a 4‐day suppressive assay against Plasmodium berghei. Activity‐guided fractionation of this extract which showed potent antiplasmodial activity resulted in the isolation of a labdane diterpenoid identified as otostegindiol. Otostegindiol displayed a significant (P < 0.001) antimalarial activity at doses of 25, 50 and 100 mg/kg with chemosuppression values of 50.13, 65.58 and 73.16%, respectively. Acute toxicity studies revealed that the crude extract possesses no toxicity in mice up to a maximum dose of 5000 mg/kg suggesting the relative safety of the plant when administered orally. The results of the present study indicate that otostegindiol is among the antimalarial principles in this medicinal plant, and further support claims for the traditional medicinal use of the plant for the treatment of malaria. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

地肤的各药用部位药用价值研究进展

地肤的各部位均具有药用价值。通过对地肤子、地肤苗、地肤根的化学成分、药理活性及临床应用等方面的文献进行检索,系统地梳理了地肤各部位的药用价值。地肤子、地肤苗中三萜皂苷等活性成分具有抗炎、抗过敏和抗搔痒等作用,这与其传统临床上的清热利湿、祛风止痒等功效相一致;地肤子、地肤苗、地肤根都具有降血糖作用,其降血糖作用与地肤所含皂苷相关。为更加有效地利用地肤这一植物资源,研制低毒、高效、不良反应小的抗炎、抗真菌、抗过敏及降血糖天然药物提供了理论依据和应用基础。     

樟科药用植物山鸡椒的化学成分和药理活性研究进展

山鸡椒是樟科木姜子属植物,其根、茎和果实均可入药,具有祛风散寒、理气止痛等功效,在民间应用广泛。该植物主要含有生物碱类,特别是阿朴啡生物碱,也含有少量的黄酮、木脂素及其他类成分。相关药理研究显示,山鸡椒在治疗心血管疾病、抗肿瘤、抗炎、提高免疫力、平喘抗过敏、抗氧化、抗菌、杀虫等多方面都有较好的效果。该文对山鸡椒的化学成分及药理活性进行了全面的归纳,以期对本种药用植物的综合研究和应用提供参考。     

关苍术的研究进展

关苍术Atractylodes japonica为菊科苍术属多年生草本植物,其根茎作为药材使用,具有抗菌、抗炎、祛风寒的作用。关苍术主要分布于中国东北地区,是东北地区的道地药材,也是朝鲜民族的传统药材。对关苍术的植物形态、分类、药材性状鉴定、化学成分、药理作用以及栽培技术进行简要概述,并对关苍术的研究趋势进行了展望,为合理开发传统中药,可持续利用关苍术资源提供参考。     

仙鹤草化学成分和药理作用的研究进展及其质量标志物（Q-Marker）预测分析

仙鹤草主要含有黄酮类、酚类、三萜类、糖苷类和鞣质等多种活性成分,其在血液、呼吸、循环、内分泌等系统疾病显示出良好的临床疗效。通过对仙鹤草的化学成分及药理作用进行整合归纳,并结合中药质量标志物（quality marker,Q-Marker）新理念,从植物亲缘学、中药药性、有效性证据、化学成分可测性等方面对仙鹤草的Q-Marker进行预测分析。初步预测木犀草素、齐墩果酸、仙鹤草内酯、仙鹤草酚、鹤草酚等成分可作为仙鹤草的主要Q-Marker,为仙鹤草药效物质基础及质量标准提升提供依据。