动力髋螺钉治疗股骨粗隆间骨折并发症原因分析及防治

目的探讨动力髋螺钉治疗股骨粗隆间骨折并发症的原因,并提出防治措施.方法对178 例采用动力髋螺钉治疗的股骨粗隆间骨折患者中37 例并发症进行总结分析,分析其发生的主要原因.结果 37 例出现了不同的并发症,术后感染2 例,深静脉血栓8 例,滑动螺钉穿出股骨头关节面5 例,髋内外翻或下肢旋转畸形10 例,内固定失效8 例,骨延迟愈合2 例,股骨头缺血性坏死2 例.结论造成并发症的原因是多方面的,主要原因为对骨折类型了解不充分,无菌操作不严,手术操作不规范,骨折复位不佳,术后功能锻炼不当以及过早负重.并提出预防对策：严格无菌操作,掌握手术技巧,规范手术操作,骨折解剖复位,合理处理小粗隆,重视康复训练.     

股骨粗隆间骨折内固定手术后并发症原因分析

目的：探讨动力髋螺钉(DHS)和股骨近端髓内固定(Gamma钉、PFN)治疗股骨粗隆间骨折产生手术后并发症的原因。方法：总结2000～2004年用DHS和髓内固定系统治疗的共94例股骨粗隆间骨折病例，对6例出现手术后并发症病例的原因进行了分析。结果：94例患者中6例出现术后并发症，并发症种类包括6类：术后股骨干骨折；内固定物股骨头颈内切割；髋内翻；股骨头坏死；头颈螺钉穿人髋关节；骨折不愈合。结论：内固定物选择不当是发生手术并发症的重要原因，而不稳定骨折、严重骨质疏松、骨折复位不良、头颈螺钉位置不良都将增加手术并发症的发生率。     

动力髋螺钉治疗股骨粗隆间骨折失败原因分析

目的分析动力髋螺钉钢板系统(DHS)治疗股骨粗隆间骨折失败的原因,为提高治疗效果提供借鉴。方法通过对12例使用DHS治疗股骨粗隆间骨折失败的病例进行分析,总结骨折类型、髋螺钉的位置和长度以及骨折复位的质量,分析治疗失败的原因。结果本组12例使用DHS固定失败的病例,其中A 2型3例,A 3例9例。髋螺钉移位退出的8例,螺钉断裂的1例,钢板断裂的2例,钢板螺钉松动1例。结论适应证选择不当、骨折块复位不良、螺钉的位置及长度不佳以及骨质疏松等是DHS治疗股骨粗隆间骨折失败的原因,正确的病例选择和精确的手术操作是治疗成功的关键。     

老年股骨粗隆间骨折两种手术治疗的比较

目的比较动力髋螺钉(DHS)和股骨近端解剖钢板治疗股骨粗隆间骨折的疗效及其应用选择。方法对68例老年股骨粗隆间骨折行手术治疗,其中股骨近端解剖钢板固定31例,动力髋螺钉(DHS)37例。从术后髋关节功能的恢复情况及并发症对两种治疗方法进行比较分析。结果动力髋螺钉(DHS)组优良率89.1%,股骨近端解剖钢板组优良率70.9%。两组差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05),术后并发症动力髋螺钉(DHS)组2例,股骨近端解剖钢板组7例。结论对于稳定型股骨粗隆间骨折,动力髋螺钉(DHS)和股骨近端解剖钢板都是有效的内固定方法;对于不稳定型股骨粗隆间骨折动力髋螺钉(DHS)比股骨近端解剖钢板更具优势。     

国产重建钉治疗老年股骨粗隆间骨折

目的探讨国产重建钉治疗老年股骨粗隆间骨折的临床效果和并发症。方法自2001年3月~2005年5月,采用重建钉治疗46例老年股骨粗隆间骨折患者,平均随访12个月,观察疗效。结果2例术中复位不良,本组无术中股骨近段骨折发生,随访9~30个月后,无远端锁钉处骨折发生。6例发生髋内翻,其中4例近端拉力螺钉切割股骨头,1例近端拉力螺钉退出,1例为术中复位不良者;余40例骨折愈合良好,髋关节活动良好。近端拉力螺钉退出2例,1例不合并髋内翻。结论国产重建钉治疗老年股骨粗隆间骨折,术中并发症少见,更易完成手术,但远期髋内翻发生率高,不能令人满意。     

动力髋螺钉治疗股骨粗隆间骨折并发症29例分析

目的：探讨动力髋螺钉治疗股骨粗隆间骨折并发症产生的啄因,并提出防治措施。方法：下肢旋转畸形和成角畸形、髋内外翻21例次运用术后患肢皮牵引治疗,短缩畸形及退钉不愈合、股骨头颈切割及股骨头坏死19例次运用人工关节置换。结果：愈合26例,畸形愈合3例。结论：造成并发症的主要原因为手术时机延误,对骨折类型了解分析不充分,手术操作不规范,对新使用器材的设计特点,使用要领不熟悉,骨折复位不佳,术后忽视康复指导和功能锻炼不当以及过早负重。     

动力髋螺钉内固定治疗高龄股骨粗隆间骨折

目的: 观察AO动力髋螺钉 (DHS) 治疗高龄股骨粗隆间骨折的疗效。方法:对使用DHS内固定治疗的 65例股骨粗隆间骨折的分类、手术方法、术后结果进行疗效分析。结果: 所有病例术后随访骨折均愈合, 髋关节功能优良率达 97%。结论: 动力髋螺钉内固定治疗高龄股骨粗隆间骨折疗效优良。只要操作规范、功能锻炼正确、负重时间掌握适当, 就可以减少各种并发症, 降低病残率。     

DHS治疗股骨粗隆间骨折的体会(附168例报告)

目的总结股骨粗隆间骨折的治疗经验。方法分析自1997年9月至2005年9月,用DHS治疗股骨粗隆间骨折168例的永效。结果所有骨折全部骨性愈合。7例出现髋内翻,2例螺钉穿出股骨头。结论DHS治疗股骨粗隆间骨折疗效可靠,方法简单,可减少保守治疗发生的并发症。     

动力髋螺钉治疗股骨粗隆间骨折并发症分析

目的：分析动力髋螺钉钢板系统（dynamic hip screw,DHS）治疗股骨粗隆间骨折的并发症及其原因。方法：2002年1月至2007年12月69例股骨粗隆间骨折采用DHS治疗,男27例,女42例;年龄53-96岁,平均72．9岁;按照Evans骨折分型：Ⅰ型10例,Ⅱ型21例,Ⅲ型22例,Ⅳ型16例。术前已明确诊断的各种内科系统伴随症的51例（73．9％）,观察分析其并发症的发生情况。结果：57例出院后通过门诊及电话获得随访,随访时间8-70个月,平均41个月。围手术期发生全身系统并发症17例,死亡4例;手术局部相关并发症12人18例次。其中包括滑动髋螺钉松动后退4例、拉力螺钉穿破股骨头3例、钢板断裂1例;髋内翻5例;深部组织感染再次手术取出内固定1例;伤口愈合不良2例,骨折延迟愈合2例。结论：不稳定性粗隆间骨折应用DHS内固定失败的发生率较高,不应作为治疗首选。应根据骨折分型,结合老年患者骨质疏松情况,选择适当的术式,充分重视高龄患者系统性疾病的预防和监护,可以提高股骨粗隆间骨折的疗效并减少术后并发症。     

动力髋螺钉治疗股骨粗隆间骨折临床分析

目的探讨动力髋螺钉(DHS)在股骨粗隆间骨折的临床疗效分析。方法总结2003年至2007年用DHS在股骨粗隆间骨折的治疗经验。结果55例患者术后平均随访15个月,无髋内翻、钢板螺钉滑脱、折弯、折断,无加压钉穿出股骨头,无加压钉位置不良,全部骨性愈合。结论DHS治疗股骨粗隆间骨折是一种有效可靠内固定方法。     

动力髋/髁螺钉治疗股骨近关节骨折失败原因及防治

目的 探讨动力髋/髁螺钉治疗股骨近关节骨折失败原因及防治策略。方法 对89例采用动力髋/髁螺钉治疗的股骨近关节骨折患者中13例失败的病例进行回顾性分析。结果 13例失败病例中，发生感染2例，钉穿出3例，髋/膝内翻、内固定松动5例，旋转畸形1例，膝关节疼痛、功能障碍2例。失败原因主要有：无菌操作不严、手术操作不规范、忽视内侧支持结构重建、对使用器材设计特点及使用要领不熟悉、术后康复指导不当等。结论 严格无菌操作、掌握手术技巧、规范手术操作、重视康复训练是防止失败的主要措施。     

Modified dynamic hip screw loaded with autologous bone graft for treating Pauwels type-3 vertical femoral neck fractures

IntroductionManagement of Pauwels type-3 vertical femoral neck fractures has been a challenging clinical problem as they experience high shear forces and thus a greater risk of treatment failure. There is no apparent consensus on the optimal implant type for these injuries. We developed a modified dynamic hip screw (DHS), which was designed to a cage in the lag screw, loaded with autologous bone graft for the treatment of Pauwels type-3 vertical femoral neck fractures.MethodsBetween February 2010 and January 2012, 17 consecutive patients with Pauwels type-3 vertical femoral neck fractures were treated with the modified DHS loaded with autologous bone graft. All patients were followed up for a minimum of 24 months (range, 24–36 months). Surgical details, operative and postoperative complications, the rates of nonunion and osteonecrosis and the Harris hip score were evaluated.ResultsThere were thirteen men and four women with a mean age of 37.2 years (range, 27–52 years). There were no intraoperative complications related to this technology. All fractures healed within 14.1 weeks (range, 12 to 20 weeks). One patient required total hip replacement because of avascular necrosis of the femoral head at 27 months after surgery. According to the Harris hip score, eleven patients (64.7%) had excellent results, four (23.5%) had good results, one (5.9%) had moderate and one (5.9%) had poor result.ConclusionsThe modified DHS loaded with autologous bone graft appears to be a reliable implant for the treatment of Pauwels type-3 vertical femoral neck fractures with fewer complications.     

老年股骨转子间骨折3种内固定治疗方法的比较

目的:比较动力髋钢板(DHS)、PFNA、InterTan治疗老年股骨转子间骨折的疗效。方法:回顾分析2007年2月至2012年5月收治并获得随访的136例老年股骨转子间骨折患者临床资料,男71例,女65例;年龄60～88岁,平均69岁。分别采用DHS(A组,80例)、PFNA(B组,36例)、InterTan(C组,20例)治疗,比较3组患者的手术时间、术中失血量、骨折愈合时间、髋内翻及股骨颈短缩畸形愈合、Harris髋关节功能评分。结果:所有患者术后获随访,时间2.5～14个月,平均4.1个月。B、C组与A组比较,手术时间、术中出血量、骨折愈合时间、髋内翻及股骨颈短缩畸形愈合发生、骨折固定失败例数、Harris总评分,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。B、C两组的手术时间、术中出血量、骨折愈合时间、Harris髋关节功能评分比较,差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。C组与B组的髋内翻及骨折畸形愈合比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论:PFNA和InterTan治疗老年股骨转子间骨折的疗效均优于DHS,而InterTan在粉碎、复杂老年股骨转子间骨折疗效更优于PFNA。     

股骨近端髓内钉与动力髋螺钉治疗股骨粗隆间骨折的比较

目的：探讨股骨近端髋内钉（proximal femoral nail,PFN）与动力髋螺钉（dynamic hip screw,DHS）在治疗A1、A2和A3型股骨粗隆间骨折的各自特点。方法：股骨粗隆间骨折104例,其中PFN固定33例,男13例,女20例,年龄63～87岁,平均76岁;A1型12例,A2型18例,A3型3例。DHS固定71例中,男29例,女42例;年龄61-92岁,平均74．5岁;A1型32例,A2型34例,A3型5例。对两种术式的平均手术时间、切口长度、失血量、下地负重时间及并发症情况进行比较。结果：平均手术时间PFN（51．5±4．4）min,DHS（68．8±5．9）min;切口长度PFN（9．6±0．9）cm,DHS（15．5±1．5）cm;失血量PFN（179．0±12．9）ml,DHS（269．3±40．0）ml。PFN无髋内翻,DHS髋内翻1例、颈干角变小7例。PFN近端螺钉后退导致髋外侧疼痛6例。结论：DHS与PFN在A1型股骨粗隆间骨折内固定治疗中疗效基本相同。PFN手术损伤小于DHS,且抗张力强,不易并发髋内翻及头旋转,更适合A2、A3型粗隆间骨折.     

Treatment of neglected femoral neck fractures using the modified dynamic hip screw with autogenous bone and bone morphogenetic protein-2 composite materials grafting

Background:The neglected femoral neck fracture is one where there has been a delay of more than 30 days to seek medical help from the time of the original injury. Salvage procedures, such as osteotomy and other treatment options such as vascularized and nonvascularized bone grafts have high failure rates and arthroplasty procedures are not ideal, given the patient''s young age and higher levels of activity. We designed a hollow bone graft dynamic hip screw (Hb-DHS) (modified DHS, Hb-DHS) for use in neglected femoral neck fractures. This study evaluates the efficacy and safety of the modified dynamic hip screw (DHS) with autogenous bone and bone morphogenetic protein 2 (BMP-2) composite materials grafting for the treatment of the neglected femoral neck fractures.Results:The mean operation time was 75.8 min (range 55–100 min) with mean intraoperative blood loss volume of 105 mL (range 70–220 mL). The mean time to union was 17 weeks (range 12–24 weeks). One patient did not achieve union, and two patients had avascular necrosis of the femoral head. This patient with nonunion underwent intertrochanteric osteotomy. In patients with avascular necrosis one required total hip arthroplasty, the other did not require intervention at the last followup. A total of 14 patients (70%) had excellent results, 2 (10%) had good, 1 (5%) had moderate and 3 (15%) had poor results.Conclusion:The modified DHS with autogenous bone and BMP-2 composite materials grafting for the treatment of neglected femoral neck fractures waseffective and had less complications.     

股骨近端锁定钢板内固定治疗老年股骨转子间骨折临床疗效观察

目的 探讨应用股骨近端锁定钢板(locking proximal femul plate,LPFP)内固定治疗老年股骨转子间骨折的临床疗效.方法 回顾性分析比较LPFP治疗老年股骨转子间骨折156例(LPFP组)、动力髋螺钉(dynamic hip screw,DHS)内固定治疗老年股骨转子间骨折42例(DHS组),观察两组手术时间、出血量、住院时间、术后开始负重时间、骨折愈合时间、并发症发生率及Harris评分.结果 所有患者均获随访6.0～24.0个月,平均12.6个月.LPFP组在平均手术时间、出血量、住院时间、术后负重时间、并发症发生率及Harris评分方面优于DHS组,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05),但骨折平均愈合时间两组差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05).结论 LPFP内固定治疗老年股骨转子间骨折疗效确切,具有创伤小、恢复快、并发症少等优点,值得应用与推广.     

髁钢板治疗股骨远端及转子部骨折并发症的临床分析

目的 探讨髁钢板内固定治疗股骨远端及转子部骨折术后并发症的发生原因,并提出预防措施。方法 采用髁钢板内固定治疗股骨远端及转子部骨折122例,股骨转子部骨折89例（含复合有股骨干上段骨折的转子部骨折22例）,股骨远端骨折33例,其中粉碎性骨的68例。结果 发生术后并发症48例,共75处。发生下肢旋转畸形13处,髋内翻和髋外展畸形11处,小转子未复位7处,膝关节畸形7处,打透关节2处,钢板内固定失效9处,晚期髋内翻5处,膝关节僵硬11处和迟缓愈合10处。主要原因是手术时机掌握欠妥,未正确掌握髁钢板的设计特点和应用要领,术后过早下地负重。结论 尽量早期手术,规范手术操作,正确指导术后功能锻炼是预防术后并发症的重要措施。     

Vascular injuries complicating osteosynthesis in proximal femur fractures

While there are quite a number of reports on vascular injuries complicating hip arthropasty by acetabular component screw fixation, retractor tip pressure or extruding bone cement, the incidence of deep femoral vessel injuries in operative fixation of proximal femoral fractures is comparatively seldom described. We report on two patients with per- and subtrochanteric femoral fractures who sustained injuries of deep femoral artery branches during the implantation of a dynamic hip screw (DHS) and a dynamic condylar screw (DCS), which resulted in a massive thigh hematoma and a fist-size pseudoaneurysm respectively and necessitated surgical intervention in either case. We blame these vascular injuries on the pressure of Hohmann retractors exposing the femoral bone or on the drilling of boreholes for plate attachment. After discussing various operative procedures, we conclude that intramedullar implants are safer than plates with regard to potential vascular complications.     

Evaluation of osteosynthesis with dual fibular bone grafting for neglected femoral neck fractures

BackgroundFemoral neck fractures in young adults is an unsolved problem and neglected femoral neck fractures presents more challenge to the orthopaedics surgeon if femoral head salvage is attempted. We reviewed the operative results of neglected femoral neck fractures in young adults with fixation with dual fibular bone grafting Purpose of study was evaluation of epidemiological, clinical, functional, rehabilitative outcome and complications in such patients.MethodsTwentyeight patients in age group 18–50 years were operated having fracture neck femur by dual fibular bone grafting in the Department of Orthopaedics, S.N. Medical College, Agra in (May 2005–February 2008) and divided into two groups. Group A: comprised of 8 patients treated by dual fibular bone grafting alone and Group B: comprised of 18 patients treated by dual fibular bone grafting with single cancellous hip screw.ResultsAll the patients of the present series were having neglected intracapsular fracture, neck femur which were treated by dual fibular bone grafting with or without cancellous hip screw fixation. Majority of the patients had good to fair result according to Larson method with average time of union 16 weeks. All patients had useful range of movement at hip. Satisfactory union was achieved in all patients except two.ConclusionDouble bone grafting is a simple and cost effective modality of treatment for late femoral neck fracture with good results. It is a stable and biological method of fixation with preservation of natural femoral head with fewer complications.