马齿苋的化学成分

目的研究马齿苋的化学成分。方法利用硅胶、Sephadex-LH-20、ODS等柱色谱方法进行分离纯化,根据理化性质及波谱数据(1H-NMR、13C-NMR)进行结构鉴定。结果从马齿苋中分离得到8个化合物,分别鉴定为2,5-二羧基吡咯(1 H-pyrrole-2,5-dicarboxylic acid,1)、5-羟基-2-羧基吡啶(5-hydroxy-2-pyridinecarboxylic acid,2)、马齿苋酰胺B(oleracein B,3)、3,4-二羟基苯甲酸(3,4-di-hydroxybenzoic acid,4)、木栓酮(friedelin,5)、4α-甲基-3β-羟基-木栓烷(4α-methyl-3β-hydroxyl-friedelan,6)、羽扇豆醇(lupeol,7)、环(亮氨酸-苯丙氨酸)(cyclo(L-leucinyl-L-tyrosinyl),8)。结论化合物1、2、8首次从马齿苋属中分离得到。     

血吸虫病化学治疗的研究——Ⅳ.β-(5-硝基-2-呋喃)丙酰胺类及其α,β-二溴取代衍生物的合成

本文报道38个β-(5-硝基-2-呋喃)丙酰胺及其α,β-二溴取代衍生物的合成。这类化合物的制备是以相应的β-(5-硝基-2-呋喃)丙烯酰胺类化合物(Ⅰ)进行催化氢化或与溴加成而得。经动物筛选发现β-(5-硝基-2-呋喃)丙烯酰胺类的丙烯双键以氢饱和以后生成丙酰胺类化合物(Ⅱ),对感染日本血吸虫病的小白鼠完全失去治疗或预防作用。而以溴饱和双键的α,β-二溴化合物(Ⅲ)则仍然有较显著的杀虫作用。其中尤以β-(5-硝基-2-呋喃)-α,β-二溴丙酰异丙胺(Ⅲ_(11))和β-(5-硝基-2-呋喃)-α,β-二溴丙酰甘氨酸乙酯(Ⅲ_(24))最为显著,后者曾试用于临床,证明有一定疗效。     

中国南海侧扁软柳珊瑚甾体类化学成分的研究

目的 研究侧扁软柳珊瑚（Subergorgia suberosa）的化学成分。方法 采用各种现代色谱技术对化学成分进行分离纯化,利用波谱技术鉴定其结构。结果 从侧扁软柳珊瑚的氯仿-甲醇提取物中分离并鉴定了8个甾体类化合物,分别为胆甾-5, 22-二烯-3β-醇（1）,麦角甾-5, 24(28)-二烯-3β-醇（2）,24-甲基胆甾-5, 22-二烯-3β-醇（3）,孕甾-3β-乙酰氧基-20-酮（4）,孕甾-1,4-二烯-3,20-二酮（5）,孕甾-6β-羟基-4-烯-3, 20-二酮（6）,孕甾-1,4-二烯-3-酮-20-羧酸甲酯（7）和9,11-开环甾醇3β, 6α, 11-trihydroxy-24-methyl-5α-cholest-9, 11-seco-7-en-9-one（8）。结论 所有化合物均为首次从该种珊瑚中分离得到。     

茸毛木蓝化学成分研究

目的 研究少数民族用药茸毛木蓝的化学成分.方法 采用硅胶柱色谱、薄层色谱、Sephadex LH-20柱色谱等方法进行分离纯化,根据理化性质和波谱数据鉴定单体化合物的结构.结果 从茸毛木蓝中分离得到10个化合物,分别鉴定为β-谷甾醇(1)、羽扇烯酮(2)、棕榈酸甲酯(3)、羽扇豆醇(4)、豆甾烷-3-酮(5)、表儿茶素(6)、7,3′,5′-三羟基二氢黄酮(7)、胡萝卜苷(8)、豆甾-4-烯-3-酮(9)和β-香树精(10).结论 所有化合物均首次从该植物中分离得到,其中化合物3、5、6、7、9、10为首次从该属植物中分离得到.     

中国南海短指软珊瑚化学成分研究

目的研究短指软珊瑚Sinulariasp.的化学成分。方法利用硅胶色谱、Sephadex LH-20凝胶色谱、HPLC等手段对化学成分进行分离纯化;通过理化性质、波谱分析方法结合文献对照,鉴定化合物的结构。结果从短指软珊瑚甲醇提取物中,共分离鉴定了11个单体化合物:胆甾醇(1)、(22E)-麦角甾-5,22-二烯-3β-醇(2)、胆甾-5,20-二烯-3β-醇(3)、麦角甾-5,24(28)-二烯-3β-醇(4)、柳珊瑚甾醇(5)、3β-羟基胆甾-5-烯-7-酮(6)、3β-羟基麦角甾-5,24(28)-二烯-7-酮(7)、(22E)-3β-羟基麦角甾-5,22-二烯-7-酮(8)、3β-羟基麦角甾-5-烯-7-酮(9)、(22E)-3β-羟基胆甾-5,22-二烯-7-酮(10)、鲨肝醇(11)。结论化合物6～10为首次从该属软珊瑚中分离得到。化合物7在10μg.mL-1浓度水平,对K562肿瘤细胞株的抑制率为22.74%,对HeLa肿瘤细胞株的抑制率为9.98%。     

新化合物 A-失碳-17β-羟基-17α-乙炔基-Δ3(5),9(10)-雌甾二烯-2-酮的合成

报道新化合物A-失碳-17β-羟基-17α-乙炔基-Δ^3(5),9(10)-雌甾二烯-2-酮2的合成。文中探讨了用炔钾粗品对A-失碳-Δ^3(5),9(10)-雌甾二烯-2，17-二酮１和Ａ-失碳-６β，１９-环氧-Δ³-雄甾-2，17-二酮3的选择性炔化，分别得标题化合物2（44%）及Ａ-失碳-17β-羟基-17α-乙炔基-６β，１９-环氧-Δ³雄甾-2-酮４（６５％），４经还原性破开环氧、去羟甲基和去醋酰氧基合成了标题化合物２。四步总收率为３４％。     

西瑁岛软珊瑚Sinularia sp. 的化学成分和生物活性研究

摘要：目的 对采自中国南海西瑁岛的软珊瑚Sinularia sp.的化学成分和生物活性进行研究。方法 综合利用薄层色谱、硅胶柱色谱、凝胶柱层析、半制备HPLC等分离手段,结合NMR和MS等波谱数据分析并对比文献数据,对化合物进行分离鉴定;选用A549和HL-60细胞株,采用CCK-8筛选方法,对化合物进行体外细胞毒活性测试。结果 从软珊瑚Sinularia sp.中共分离鉴定了10个甾体化合物,包括8个孕甾烷及其苷类化合物：3β-羟基-5,20-二烯孕甾烷乙酸酯（1）,20-烯-3-酮孕甾烷（2）,1,20-二烯-3-酮孕甾烷（3）,1,4,20-三烯-3-酮孕甾烷（4）,3β-羟基-20-烯孕甾烷（5）,3β-羟基-5,20-二烯孕甾烷（6）,1,4-二烯-3-酮-20α-羟基孕甾烷乙酸酯（7）,3β-羟基-5,20-二烯孕甾烷吡喃岩藻糖苷（8）;1个麦角甾烷类化合物：(22E,24R)-3β,5α,6β-三羟基-7,22-二烯麦角甾烷（9）和1个胆甾烷类化合物：(20S)-1,4-二烯-3,16-二酮-20β-羟基胆甾烷（10）。结论 化合物1～10对A549细胞株均未表现明显的细胞毒活性,但化合物4和7对HL-60细胞株具有中等的细胞毒活性,其IC50值分别为1.61 和 3.26 μmol/L。     

水团花根茎醋酸乙酯部位的化学成分研究

目的 研究水团花Adina pilulifera根茎醋酸乙酯提取部位的化学成分.方法 溶剂法进行提取和萃取,采用硅胶柱色谱进行分离,利用光谱数据结合理化性质鉴定其结构.结果 分离得到5个化合物,分别鉴定为去甲丁香色原酮(1)、7-O-β-D-葡萄糖基-去甲丁香色原酮(2)、鸡纳酸(3)、2-羟基-3-甲基葸醌(4)和3,8-二羟基-1-甲氧基-2-甲氧基亚甲基-9,10-葸醌(5).结论 化合物4、5为首次从该植物中分离得到.     

3,5-甾二烯化合物的合成及抗早孕活性

以18-甲基-17β-羟基-17α-乙炔基-雌甾-4-烯-3-酮(18-甲基炔诺酮),17β-羟基-17α-乙缺基-雌甾-4-烯-3-酮(炔诺酮),17β-羟基-17α-乙炔基-雄甾-4-烯-3-酮(妊娠素)和17a-羟基孕甾-4-烯-3,20二酮(17α-羟基黄体酮)为原料,经NaBH,还原、脱水、双键转位和酯化等反应合成一系列3,5-甾二烯化合物,用¹HNMR和MS证明了它们的结构。动物筛选结果表明,17β-丙酰氧基-17α-乙炔基-雌甾-3,5-二烯(IV_b2有明显的抗早孕活性。中断早期妊娠的作用似与其雌激素活性有关。     

3,4-二氢喹啉-2(1H)-酮衍生物的设计合成及抗精神分裂活性研究

目的 设计合成3,4-二氢喹啉-2(1H)-酮类化合物,考察其对D2、5-HT2A、5-HT1A受体的亲和力,并对代表化合物进行体内抗精神分裂活性测试.方法 7-羟基-3,4-二氢喹啉-2(1H)-酮与二卤代烷进行O-烷基化反应,再与相应的哌啶衍生物反应得到目标产物(Ⅰ1～Ⅰ11);对目标化合物进行了D2、5-HT2A...     

CYP3A in horse intestines

The intestinal enterocytes provide the initial site for cytochrome P450 (CYP)-mediated metabolism of orally absorbed xenobiotics. In man and some animal species, the CYP3A subfamily is highly expressed in the intestines and considered to be important in the first-pass metabolism of drugs and other xenobiotics. The aim of the present study was to investigate the mRNA expression, immunohistochemical localization and catalytic activity of CYP3A in the intestines of horse. Real-time RT-PCR analyses showed that the highest CYP3A mRNA expression was present in the duodenum with a decreasing level towards jejunum, ileum, cecum, and colon. The CYP3A mRNA expression in the liver was similar as in the anterior part of the jejunum, but about 4.5 times lower than in the anterior part of the duodenum. Immunohistochemistry showed CYP3A immunoreactivity in the cytoplasm of the enterocytes, which decreased distally along the intestinal tract. CYP3A-dependent metabolic activity rose slightly from the anterior to the distal part of the duodenum and the anterior part of the jejunum and then declined to the middle and distal parts of the jejunum and the ileum, cecum, and colon. Our results suggest that CYP3A in the small intestine plays a major role in first-pass metabolism and may affect bioavailability and therapeutic efficiency of some orally administrated drugs in horse.     

Synthesis of Sodium2—[4（S）—4—Amido—3—oxo—2—isoxazo—lidinyl]—5—oxo—2—tetrahydrofurancarboxylate and Its Antibacterial Activities

Lactivicin,a novel inhibitor of bacterial cell wall synthesis,was isolated from the culture fil-trates of microorganism YK-258 and YK-422.It exhibits biological activities similar to those ofthe β-lactam antibiotics,although it does not have a β-lactam ring in its molecule.Since the discovery of lactivicin,hundreds of its derivatives have been synthesized.Most     

The reaction of (E)-2,4-pentadienoic acid with aqueous bromine re-evaluation of the product

The reaction of (E)-2,4-pentadienoic acid with aqueous bromine was reinvestigated to affirm the formation of (E)-5-bromo-4-hydroxy-2-pentenoic acid, whose structure was confirmed by the spectroscopic methods as well as the chemical modification.     

N-(3-甲基-1-吡咯烷基)-1-丁酮基-乙酰胺的合成研究

以BOC-L-缬氨酸羟基琥珀酰亚胺酯为原料,两步反应合成IL-1R/MyD88-TIR拟似物N-(3-甲基-1-吡咯烷基)-1-丁酮基-乙酰胺,该反应条件温和,操作方便,收率较高,产物结构经NMR和MS得到了确证.     

The long-term toxicity and hypoglycemic effect of vanadyl complexes on non-diabetic and type II diabetic mice

Vanadium compounds are promising anti-diabetic agents. However, the concern in the toxicity, especially the long-term renal side effectalong with diabetic status,is restricting the further development of this metal drug. Recently, we have prepared a bis((5-hydroxy-4-oxo-4H-pyran-2-yl) methyl 2-hydroxy-benzoatato) oxovanadium (BSOV), which exhibited excellent hypoglycemic effect with low acute toxicity. In order to facilitate the development of anti-diabetic vanadium complexes, especially BSOV, we studied the long-term toxicity and hypoglycemic effect of BSOV in comparison with bis(maltolato)oxovanadium (BMOV) on both non-diabetic and type II diabetic mice. The experiments confirmed a stable hypoglycemic effect for both the vanadium complexes over the testing period (6–7 months). However, the chronic administration of vanadium compounds slightly increased oxidative stress in ICR mice and the induced renal interstitial edema (RIE) in a part of the diabetic animals associated with low levels of serum albumin. The use of an antioxidant dietary supplement (a combination of vitamin C and Zinc gluconate) could prevent vanadium-induced oxidative stress but have marginal effect on RIE. However, BSOV caused much lower incidence of RIE than BMOV did, suggesting that BSOV is an important step towards the successful development of anti-diabetic vanadium drugs.     

A new chromone and a new aliphatic ester isolated from Daldinia eschscholtzii

Abstract

A new chromone and a new aliphatic ester were isolated from the EtOAc extract of myceliums of Daldinia eschscholtzii. Their structures were elucidated as (R)-5-hydroxy-8-methoxy-2-methylchroman-4-one (1) and (E)-6-(non-3-en-1-yl) -2H-pyran-2-one (2) by interpretation of the spectroscopic evidence.     

Two new phenol derivatives from Stereum hirsutum FP-91666

Two new phenol derivatives, 2-(3-methyl-2-buten-1-yl)-4-methoxyethyl-phenol (1) and 5-hydroxy-4-(hydroxymethyl)-2-(3-methylbut-2-en-1-yl)cyclohex-4-en-1-one (2), together with eight known compounds consisting of phenol derivatives (3 and 4), niacinamide (5), and five ergosta type compounds (6–10), were isolated from solid fermentation products of Stereum hirsutum FP-91666. Two new structures were elucidated by extensive spectroscopic methods, including 1D NMR and 2D NMR, and HR-EI-MS experiments.     

SL-01, an oral gemcitabine derivative, inhibited human cancer growth more potently than gemcitabine

SL-01, an oral gemcitabine derivative, was synthesized by introducing the moiety of 3-(dodecyloxycarbonyl)pyrazine-2-carbonyl at the N4-position on the cytidine ring of gemcitabine. Our goal in this study was to evaluate the efficacy of SL-01 on the growth of human cancers with gemcitabine as control. Experiments were performed on human non-small cell lung cancer NCI-H460 and colon cancer HCT-116 both in vitro and in vivo. In vitro assays, SL-01 significantly inhibited the growth of cancer cells as determined by the 3-[4, 5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl]-2, 5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay. Further studies indicated that SL-01 induced the cancer cells to apoptosis showing chromatin condensation and externalization of phosphatidylserine. In in vivo studies, we evaluated the efficacy of SL-01 in nude mice bearing human cancer xenografts. SL-01 effectively delayed the growth of NCI-H460 and HCT-116 without significant loss of body weight. Molecular analysis indicated that the high efficacy of SL-01 was associated with its ability to induce apoptosis as evidenced by increase of terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP nick end labeling (TUNEL) staining cells, activation of caspase-9, caspase-3 and cleaved poly ADP-ribose polymerase (PARP) in tumor tissues. SL-01 also increased Bax/Bcl-2 ratio in cancer cells. These biological activities of SL-01 were more potential than that of gemcitabine. Based on these in vitro and in vivo results, SL-01 is proposed as a potent oral anticancer agent that may supplant the use of gemcitabine in the clinic.     

Pharmacokinetics and tissue distribution of 3-((5-(6-methylpyridin-2-yl)-4-(quinoxalin-6-yl)-1H-imidazol-2-yl)methyl)benzamide; a novel ALK5 inhibitor and a potential anti-fibrosis drug

The authors investigated the pharmacokinetics and metabolism of 3-((5-(6-methylpyridin-2-yl)-4-(quinoxalin-6-yl)-1H-imidazol-2-yl)methyl)benzamide (IN-1130), a novel ALK5 inhibitor, which suppresses renal and hepatic fibrosis, and also exerts anti-metastatic effects on breast cancer-bearing MMTV-cNeu mice model. Plasma half-lives of orally administered IN-1130 were 62.6 min in mice, 76.6?±?10.6 min in dogs, 156.1?±?19.3 min in rats, and 159.9?±?59.9 min in monkeys. IN-1130 showed a high apparent permeability coefficient (P_app) of (45.0?±?2.3)?×?10^?6 cm s^?1 in in vitro permeability tests in a Caco-2 cell monolayer model. The bioavailability of orally administered IN-1130 was 84.9% in dogs and 34.4% in monkeys (oral dose, 5.5 mg kg^?1), 11.4% in rats and 8.95% in mice (oral dose, 50.3 mg kg^?1), respectively. Orally given IN-1130 was readily distributed into liver, kidneys and lungs. The major metabolite of IN-1130 (M1) was detected in the systemic circulation of rat and mouse and was purified and tentatively identified as 3-((4-(3-hydroxyquinoxaline-6-yl)-5-(6-methylpyridine-2-yl)-1H-imidazol-2-yl)methyl)benzamide or 3-((4-(2-hydroxyquinoxalin-6-yl)-5-(6-methylpyridine-2-yl)-1H-imidazol-2-yl)methyl)benzamide. The highest levels of M1 were found in liver. The results of this study suggest that IN-1130 has the potential to serve as an effective oral anti-fibrotic drug.     

2-〔4(s)-4-酚胺基-3-氧代-2-异噁唑烷基〕-5-氧代-2-四氢呋喃甲酸钠类化合物的合成

以L-丝氨酸和α-酮戊二酸为原料,采用三条合成路线,经6～8步反应,合成8个目标化合物。其部份中间体的结构经IR,PMR,MS及元素分析证实。产物的结构也经IR及PMR证实。体外抑菌试验表明,TM7和TM8显示较强的广谱抑菌活性,TM6则具有中等强度。TM2和TM3对金葡菌也有一定活性。