肾细胞癌的影像分析

本文报告35例肾细胞癌,均做了CT平扫和增强扫描,并经手术、病理证实.本文详细描述了肾细胞癌的CT表现,并总结肾细胞癌的诊断依据,指出CT在肾细胞癌分析中所起的作用及鉴别诊断的要点.     

囊性肾细胞癌的CT影像

目的 对囊性肾细胞癌的CT影像学表现进行分析.方法 将2016年1月—2017年1月间在该院确诊并接受治疗的35例囊性肾细胞癌患者作为此次研究对象,均行CT检查,对其CT检查的过程与结果 进行回顾,总结此疾病的CT影像学表现.结果35例患者中,45.7%为透明细胞癌,主要CT表现是低密度、不均匀强化,少数患者可见坏死区、出血性病灶;34.3%为乳头状癌,主要CT表现是低密度、不均匀强化;14.3%为嫌色细胞癌,主要CT表现是低密度、不均匀强化;5.7%为多房囊性肾细胞癌,主要CT表现是局部有壁结节出现、强化明显.结论 CT在囊性肾细胞癌的诊断中有一定应用价值,但囊性肾细胞癌的CT影像学表现特异性不够明显,对于此病的具体分型,需依据病理诊断.     

肾细胞癌分期与复发的CT诊断

目的 探讨CT对肾癌病人术前分期与术后复发的诊断价值.方法 分析18例经手术病理证实肾细胞癌病人在手术前后的CT表现.右肾10例,左肾8例,术后7例行CT复查,复查时间3个月至1年半,CT发现3例病人有不同形式的复发与转移.使用GE Lightspeed Plus型CT机,全部病例行平扫与增强检查.结果 CT显示肿块位于肾包膜内3例,突破肾包膜并侵及肾筋膜12例,肿块突破肾周筋膜并肾静脉或下腔静脉瘤栓3例,其中1例侵及同侧肾上腺.未突破肾包膜的3例中CT表现与术中所见一致.12例CT显示肾周侵犯者中4例手术中和病理下未见肾周侵犯,为假阳性(4/12,33.3%),病理显示未受侵犯的肾周筋膜呈水肿伴炎性细胞浸润改变.在CT显示肿块突破肾周筋膜产有肾静脉或下腔静脉内瘤栓的3例中,手术所见与病理结果一致,准确性达100%.结论 CT检查可准确描绘原发肿瘤的大小,但对判断原发肿瘤有否突破肾被膜,肾周脂肪与肾筋膜是否受侵犯方面有一定限度,假阳性较假阴性率高.CT对肾细胞癌腹膜后淋巴结转移的假阴性率较高.     

The clinical value of PET/CT and MRI combined on the diagnosis of renal cell carcinoma

目的 回顾性分析肾细胞癌(renal cell carcinoma,RCC)患者47例临床资料,术前均行正电子放射型计算机断层显像(PET/CT)与核磁共振(MRI)平扫及增强检查,探讨两者在RCC诊断中的价值.方法 将所有47例患者PET/CT及MRI影像资料进行分析,根据各自影像所见指导临床分期,与手术病理结果相对照.结果 PET/CT及MRI的Ⅰ期诊断准确率均为100％,Ⅱ期PET/CT的准确率为92.3％,MRI准确率为80％,PET/CT联合MRI在Ⅰ、Ⅱ期肾细胞癌的诊断准确率达97.2％.结论 PET/CT在肾细胞癌诊断准确率方面高于MRI(P ＜0.05),尤其对于患者全身情况的掌握方面优势较明显；但在原发病灶准确分期方面逊色于后者,临床上应该将两者相结合.     

肾细胞癌的CT扫描诊断价值

目的:进一步研究CT扫描对肾细胞癌的诊断价值.方法:分析了经手术病理证实的15例肾细胞癌的CT影像表现,所有病例全部行CT平扫和增强扫描.结果:典型肾细胞癌CT表现为平扫肾实质性肿块,肾轮廓变形隆起.增强扫描肿瘤轻度强化,低于正常强化的肾实质强化,肿块周边清楚,具有"快进快出"的特点.结论:CT表现为术前定性诊断以及确定治疗方案及预后提供了重要依据.     

PET/CT联合MRI在肾细胞癌诊断中的临床价值

目的回顾性分析肾细胞癌(renal cell carcinoma,RCC)患者47例临床资料,术前均行正电子放射型计算机断层显像(PET/CT)与核磁共振(MRI)平扫及增强检查,探讨两者在RCC诊断中的价值。方法将所有47例患者PET/CT及MRI影像资料进行分析,根据各自影像所见指导临床分期,与手术病理结果相对照。结果 PET/CT及MRI的I期诊断准确率均为100%,Ⅱ期PET/CT的准确率为92.3%,MRI准确率为80%,PET/CT联合MRI在I、Ⅱ期肾细胞癌的诊断准确率达97.2%。结论 PET/CT在肾细胞癌诊断准确率方面高于MRI(P0.05),尤其对于患者全身情况的掌握方面优势较明显;但在原发病灶准确分期方面逊色于后者,临床上应该将两者相结合。     

肾透明细胞癌CT表现与病理

目的 分析肾透明细胞癌的螺旋CT表现及其与病理的关系.方法 回顾性分析30例肾透明细胞癌的CT影像学特点,将其术前CT影像诊断结果与术后病理检查结果进行比较.结果 30例肾透明细胞癌患者CT平扫显示病灶密度不均匀,呈等、低或高密度影.CT动态增强扫描显示皮髓质交界期时的病灶轮廓最清晰,且与周围实质的对比度最佳.病理检查显示肿瘤细胞排列呈实性,含丰富血窦,可见不同程度的出血、坏死、钙化、囊性变.9例肿瘤出现假包膜.结论 螺旋CT是肾透明细胞癌诊断的重要影像学手段,明确肿瘤的组织学亚型对于判断预后和测定手术方案十分重要.     

肾细胞癌的CT诊断与分期

目的：提高认识肾细胞癌的CT诊断及分期,分析肾细胞癌的CT表现及鉴别诊断。方法：回顾性分析10例经手术及病理证实为肾细胞癌的CT表现。结果：CT检查对肾细胞癌极为敏感,本组CT诊断肾细胞癌9例,正确率90％,误诊为血管平滑肌脂肪瘤1例,CT分期与病理符合者8例,符合率80％,典型肾细胞癌CT表现为平扫肾实质性肿块,肾轮廓变形隆起,增强扫描肾实质明显强化而肿瘤中心区不强化或轻度强化。结论：根据肾细胞癌的典型表现,CT不仅可以作出准确诊断,而且对肾癌进行术前CT分期可为临床制定治疗方案提供重要依据。     

^18F—FDG PET／CT与CT三期增强联合应用在肾癌诊断中的临床价值

目的探讨^18F—FDG PET／CT显像结合CT三期增强扫描对原发性。肾癌的诊断价值。方法26例患者（经手术或转移灶活检病理证实为肾癌的23例,其中肾透明细胞癌16例,颗粒细胞癌5例,乳头状癌1例,颗粒细胞癌与乳头状癌混合型癌1例;另3例经随访证实）均行^18F—FDG PET／CT显像并行CT三期增强扫描。分析原发病症的影像学特点,测定标准摄取值,观察原发病症及转移灶的异常代谢情况。结果^18F—FDG PET／CT检查阳性病例20例,敏感度为76．9％,假阴性6例,病理均为肾透明细胞癌;CT三期增强扫描检查阳性病例为24例,敏感度为92．3％,另2例因无明显强化,不能确诊;^18F—FDG PET／CT检查发现有转移病例10例,敏感度为38．4％;CT增强扫描仅见2例腹膜后明显肿大淋巴结,敏感度为7．7％。结论^18F—FDG PET／CT检查与CT三期增强对比,对原发病灶的诊断敏感度低于CT三期增强扫描,但对转移灶的诊断敏感度明显优于CT。而PET／CT检查结合CT三期增强扫描共同诊断,其敏感度可以提高至96．1％。因此PET／CT显像诊断原发性肾癌时应慎重,结合肾脏CT三期增强扫描,能明显提高原发性肾癌诊断的敏感度,同时对肿瘤分期有很高的诊断价值。     

肾透明细胞癌的螺旋CT表现和病理改变

目的分析肾透明细胞癌的螺旋CT表现和病理改变。方法42例肾透明细胞癌均经手术病理证实,观察肿瘤平扫密度及动态增强螺旋CT表现及病理改变。结果CT平扫6例为等密度,15例为低密度,5例为高密度,16例为混杂密度。平扫、皮质期、实质期、肾盂期肿瘤实体CT值范围分别为：23~53HU、98~159HU、48~102HU、45~82HU。皮质期41例强化峰值≥88HU,肾盂期迅速下降;40例肿瘤细胞排列为实性,含丰富血窦;40例肿瘤强化不均匀,病理上40例可见出血、坏死、囊变。CT上25例可见假包膜,病理上35例可见假包膜。结论肾透明细胞癌的螺旋CT表现与病理类型及肿瘤结构有关。     

囊性肾癌14例临床诊治分析

目的 探讨囊性肾癌的诊断与治疗水平.方法 总结2005年1月至2010年12月浙江大学第一附属医院收治的14例囊性肾癌患者的临床资料.其中男10例,女4例,年龄40 ～71岁.术前CT检查显示囊性病变伴钙化4例,有分隔8例.术前诊断为复杂性肾囊肿12例.术中行冰冻病理检查12例,10例报告为囊性肾癌,1例报告为肾囊肿,1例报告为多房性肾囊肿.结果 14例术后病理均为囊性肾透明细胞癌,14例中行根治性肾切除术6例,后腹腔镜下根治性肾切除术4例,后腹腔镜下肾部分切除术2例,先行后腹腔镜下肾囊肿去顶,后又行根治性肾切除术1例,先行后腹腔镜下肾上极肿块切除,后行根治性肾切除术1例.随访4个月～6年,无肿瘤复发和转移.结论 CT检查对术前诊断囊性肾癌有帮助,术中应行冰冻病理检查确诊,囊性肾癌保留肾单位手术为首选,预后良好.     

Clinical applications of FDG PET/CT in carcinoma of unknown primary

Background Carcinoma of unknown primary (CUP) encompasses a heterogeneous group of tumors with varying clinical features. The management of patients of CUP remains a clinical challenge. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the clinical applications of integrated 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography/computed tomography (FDG PET/CT) information in patients with CUP, including detecting the occult primary tumor and effecting on disease therapy. Methods One hundred and forty-nine patients with histologically-proven metastases of CUP were included. For all patients, the conventional diagnostic work-up was unsuccessful in localizing the primary site. Whole-body PET/CT images were obtained approximately 60 minutes after intravenous injection of 350-425 MBq of 18F-FDG. Results In 24.8% of patients, FDG PET/CT detected primary tumors that were not apparent after conventional workup. In this group of patients, the overall sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy rates of FDG PET/CT in detecting unknown primary tumors were 86%, 87.7%, and 87.2%, respectively. FDG PET/CT imaging also led to the detection of previously unrecognized metastases in 29.5% of patients. Forty-seven (31.5%, 47 of 149) patients underwent a change in therapeutic management. Conclusions FDG PET/CT is a valuable tool in patients with carcinoma of unknown primary, because it assistsed in detecting unknown primary tumors and previously unrecognized distant metastases, and optimized the mangement of these patient.     

Clinical applications of 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography/computed tomography in carcinoma of unknown primary

Background  Carcinoma of unknown primary (CUP) encompasses a heterogeneous group of tumors with varying clinical features. The management of patients of CUP remains a clinical challenge. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the clinical applications of integrated ¹⁸F-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography/computed tomography (FDG PET/CT) information in patients with CUP, including detecting the occult primary tumor and effecting on disease therapy.

Methods  One hundred and forty-nine patients with histologically-proven metastases of CUP were included. For all patients, the conventional diagnostic work-up was unsuccessful in localizing the primary site. Whole-body PET/CT images were obtained approximately 60 minutes after intravenous injection of 350–425 MBq of ¹⁸F-FDG.

Results  In 24.8% of patients, FDG PET/CT detected primary tumors that were not apparent after conventional workup. In this group of patients, the overall sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy rates of FDG PET/CT in detecting unknown primary tumors were 86.0%, 87.7%, and 87.2%, respectively. FDG PET/CT imaging also led to the detection of previously unrecognized metastases in 29.5% of patients. Forty-seven (31.5%, 47 of 149) patients underwent a change in therapeutic management.

Conclusions  FDG PET/CT is a valuable tool in patients with CUP, because it assisted in detecting unknown primary tumors and previously unrecognized distant metastases, and optimized the mangement of these patients.

     

ECT、CT及MRI的骨转移瘤影像特点分析

目的探讨分析发射型计算机断层扫描(ECT)、电子计算机断层扫描(CT)及核磁共振成像(MRI)的骨转移瘤的影像学特点及诊断价值。方法选取四川省肿瘤医院、四川省骨科医院2012年1月~2018年12月收治的100例拟诊断为骨转移瘤患者为研究对象,以病理结果为金标准,分析三种影像学方法的灵敏度、特异性、阳(阴)性预测值以及影像学特点。结果 100疑似骨转移瘤患者中,单独行CT检查者26例,MRI检查者40例,ECT检查者5例;行CT联合MRI者15例,CT联合ECT者5例,MRI联合ECT者7例,CT、MRI、ECT三者均检查者2例;CT诊断的灵敏度为0.733、特异度为0.333;MRI诊断的灵敏度为0.833,特异度为0.313;ECT诊断的灵敏度为0.929、特异度为0.400。结论三种影像学方法对于骨转移瘤均具有典型表现,ECT与MRI具有较高的诊断灵敏度,对于骨转移瘤的检出率更高,而临床应结合多种影像学手段及临床表现作出诊断。     

^18氟—脱氢葡萄糖PET显像对鼻咽癌放射治疗后咽旁间隙复发的诊断价值

目的 探讨^18氟—脱氧葡萄糖正电子发射断层扫描仪(^18FDG-PET)对鼻咽癌放射治疗后咽旁间隙复发或纤维化的临床诊断价值。方法 32例行CT、MRI检查后不能确定鼻咽癌放射治疗后咽旁间隙是否复发或纤维化的患者,采用^18FDG—PET显像，同时行CT、MRI检查。所有患者于CT、MRI及^18FDG-PET检查后，在CT引导下穿刺活检，观察不同检查方法的灵敏度、特异度和诊断符合率。结果 CT检查的灵敏度79．16％、特异度75．00%、诊断符合率78．13％；MRI检查的灵敏度83．33％、特异度87．50％、诊断符合率84．38％；^18FDG-PET检查的灵敏度95．83％、特异度87．50％、诊断符合率93．75％。结论 怀疑鼻咽癌放射治疗后咽旁间隙复发的患者可以考虑行^18FDG PET检查，免除病理穿刺活检的风险；也可通过CT和／或MRI检查，采取CT引导下咽旁间隙穿刺活检达到确诊的目的。     

18氟-脱氧葡萄糖PET显像对鼻咽癌放射治疗后咽旁间隙复发的诊断价值

目的探讨18氟-脱氧葡萄糖正电子发射断层扫描仪(18FDG-PET)对鼻咽癌放射治疗后咽旁间隙复发或纤维化的临床诊断价值。方法32例行CT、MRI检查后不能确定鼻咽癌放射治疗后咽旁间隙是否复发或纤维化的患者,采用18FDG-PET显像,同时行CT、MRI检查。所有患者于CT、MRI及18FDG-PET检查后,在CT引导下穿刺活检,观察不同检查方法的灵敏度、特异度和诊断符合率。结果CT检查的灵敏度79.16%、特异度75.00%、诊断符合率78.13%;MRI检查的灵敏度83.33%、特异度87.50%、诊断符合率84.38%;18FDG-PET检查的灵敏度95.83%、特异度87.50%、诊断符合率93.75%。结论怀疑鼻咽癌放射治疗后咽旁间隙复发的患者可以考虑行18FDG PET检查,免除病理穿刺活检的风险;也可通过CT和/或MRI检查,采取CT引导下咽旁间隙穿刺活检达到确诊的目的。     

18F-FDG PET/CT寻找多发性骨转移瘤原发灶的临床应用价值

目的探讨18F-FDGPET/CT寻找多发性骨转移瘤原发灶的临床应用价值。方法回顾性分析77例多发性骨转移瘤患者行18F-FDGPET/CT寻找原发病灶的情况,并与病理结果进行对照。结果在77例患者中,18F-FDGPET/CT发现原发灶的共有44例,其中40例（51.9%）经手术或活检病理证实为原发灶,另有4例为假阳性。未找到原发灶的37例多发性骨转移瘤中,1例术后经病理证实为胃印戒细胞癌,其余36例随访时仍未找到原发灶。18F-FDGPET/CT寻找多发性骨转移瘤原发灶的灵敏度为97.6%,特异度为88.9%,符合率为93.5%。结论 18F-FDGPET/CT寻找多发性骨转移瘤原发灶有一定的临床应用价值,对制定合适的治疗方案有积极作用。     

18F-FDG PET/CT寻找多发性骨转移瘤原发灶的临床应用价值

目的 探讨18F-FDG PET/CT寻找多发性骨转移瘤原发灶的临床应用价值.方法 回顾性分析77例多发性骨转移瘤患者行18F-FDG PET/CT寻找原发病灶的情况,并与病理结果进行对照.结果 在77例患者中,18F-FDG PET/CT发现原发灶的共有44例,其中40例(51.9%)经手术或活检病理证实为原发灶,另有4例为假阳性.未找到原发灶的37例多发性骨转移瘤中,1例术后经病理证实为胃印戒细胞癌,其余36例随访时仍未找到原发灶.18F-FDG PET/CT寻找多发性骨转移瘤原发灶的灵敏度为97.6%,特异度为88.9%,符合率为93.5%.结论 18F-FDG PET/CT寻找多发性骨转移瘤原发灶有一定的临床应用价值,对制定合适的治疗方案有积极作用.     

正电子发射型计算机断层扫描/计算机体层扫描在恶性淋巴瘤临床分期中的初步应用

目的：观察氟去氧葡萄糖（FDG）正电子发射型计算机断层扫描/计算机体层扫描（PET/CT）显像和传统分期检查方法对恶性淋巴瘤分期和治疗后再分期的影响,以探讨其临床应用价值。方法：采用视觉分析和半定量分析相结合的方法,比较42例病理确诊为恶性淋巴瘤患者传统分期检查和PET/CT对分期和治疗后再分期的符合率,以及对淋巴结区和结外病灶检出率的差异。结果：PET/CT检查与传统分期手段对分期判断的符合率分别为95.2%（40/42）和78.6%（33/42）。对淋巴结内病灶传统分期检查的检出率为88.2%（60/68）,PET/CT为97.1%（66/68）,两者间差异有显著性意义（P〈0.05）;对淋巴结外病灶传统分期检查的检出率为58.3%（14/24）,PET/CT为91.7%（22/24）,两者间差异有极显著性意义（P〈0.01）。PET/CT检查使TNM分期改变者9例,达21.4%,其中分期升高7例,下降2例,8例（19.0%）的治疗计划发生改变。结论：FDG PET/CT可提高恶性淋巴瘤的分期和再分期的准确率,并可提高淋巴结内外病变的检出率,这有利于更准确地制订治疗方案和预测预后。     

PRELIMINARY STUDY OF FEASIBILITY OF WHOLE BODY DIFFUSION WEIGHTED IMAGING IN DIAGNOSIS OF METASTASIS OF TUMOR

Objective To evaluate the feasibility of whole body diffusion weighted imaging （DWI） in the diagnosis of metastatic tumor.
Methods Fifty-six patients （40 males and 16 females, age ranging from 29 to 84 years with a mean age of 57 years） with a variety of primary tumors were investigated by whole body DWI combined with computed tomography （CT） and/or conventional magnetic resonance imaging （MRI） scans. Twelve patients underwent positron emission tomography. The final diagnosis was made on the basis of CT or high resolution CT result for lung lesion and MRI or CT result for skull, abdomen and other parts. All tumors were classified into four groups by their diameter： below 1.0 cm, 1.0-1.9 cm, 2.0-2.9 cm, and above 3.0 cm. The sensitivity and specificity of whole body DWI in the detection of metastatic tumor were analyzed.
Results The sensitivities of whole body DWI for screening metastasis of the four groups were 38%, 75%, 97%, and 100%, respectively. Whole body DWI showed the highest sensitivity and specificity for detecting metastasis of the skeletal system. It was difficult to find metastatic tumor whose diameter was below 1.0 cm, or lymph nodes located in the pelvis with diameter below 2.0 cm.
Conclusions Whole body DWI is a promising method in the diagnosis ofmetastastic tumors. With the perfection of scanning parameter, whole body DWI should be a new effective whole body technique for tumor detection.