育肥素对羊肉品质的影响

选用６只细毛羊，用育肥素育肥后，对其肉质理化特性进行分析，发现肉中的干物质、粗脂肪略高于对照组，水分和粗纤维略低于对照组，肌肉蛋白质中氮基酸含量丰富。借鉴评定猪肉品质的标准鉴别羊肉的ＰＨ和肉色，均在正常之内。经肌肉组织学特性指标测定，肌纤维密度变大，肌纤维直径略粗，相对纤维长度内的核密度较小。由此可以看出，绵羊使用育肥素后，氨基酸含量丰富，品质正常，营养价值高，有较理想的肉用品质。     

喀什地区四个地方品种绵羊肌肉品质分析

为了研究喀什地区特殊盐碱环境下当地绵羊品种羊肉品质差异,以多浪羊、巴尔楚克羊、塔什库尔干羊、叶城羊为研究对象,每个品种随机选取不同性别、年龄各20只个体,分别对其眼肌面积、嫩度、脂肪和氨基酸含量、微量元素进行了分析。结果表明,不同品种间产肉性能、肉品质各有优势,多浪羊眼肌面积显著大于其他三个品种(P0.05),产肉性能好且生长迅速;巴尔楚克羊脂肪含量高,肉质鲜嫩,且钙含量丰富;塔什库尔干羊和叶城羊体型较小,氨基酸和微量元素含量高,可以分别就其优势开发出特色产品。     

苏联细毛羊羊毛细度选育工作的变化

1981年,苏联有绵羊1.48亿只,列入品种的有8,589万只,其中,细毛羊5,381.6万只(62.7％),半细毛羊927.3万只(10.8％),粗毛羊和半粗毛羊2,280.1万只(26.5％)。在全国现有的60个绵羊品种和品群中,细毛羊占24个,半细毛羊20个,粗毛羊14个,半粗毛羊3个。细毛羊中,毛肉兼用型占66.3％,毛用型占13.1％,肉毛兼用型占20.6％;半细毛羊中,长毛型占43.3％,短毛型占56.7％。年产各类羊毛44.1—45.4万吨,细毛占总数的63.1％。全国基本上构成了以细毛羊为主的绵羊生产体系。     

昭通山羊产肉性能及肉质特性

本次试验测定了昭通山羊的产肉性能及肉质并与云岭山羊进行了比较。结果显示，昭通山羊的屠宰率，净肉率，肉中蛋白质含量，氨基酸含量与云岭山羊差异不显著（Ｐ〉０．０５），蛋白质赖氨酸高于理想蛋白质中的含量，肉的嫩度，熟肉率，肌纤维直径（背最长肌和股二头肌）两个品种之间差异显著（Ｐ〈０．０５），昭通山羊和云岭山羊肉的ｐＨ２４值较高分别为５．９５和６．０２。     

彭波半细毛羊羊毛品质分析研究

彭波半细毛羊是西藏和平解放后用引进的苏联关利奴和新疆细毛羊杂交改良当地彭波羊的基础上,引入了茨盖、边区莱斯特等半细毛羊品种进行多品种复合杂交育成的半细毛羊新品种。以毛用为主,具有良好的产毛性能。彭波半细毛羊一级成年公、母羊毛长分别为10．56cm、10．8cm．剪毛量分别5．0kg、2．5kg,剪毛后体重分别71．2kg、29．1kg,毛长比当地河谷羊分别增加3．35cm、3．06cm;剪毛后体重分别增加41．92kg,10．38kg,羊毛综合品质达到半细毛羊的优良品质特征,净毛率达到60％以上,纯白率达到86．47％,主体支数为48～58支,均呈正态分布,羊毛干态单纤维强力超过了优质羊毛的干态单纤维强度,指标为0．9—1．6Cn/dtex,化学组成除碳、氮元素外,其他均高于林肯羊,氨基酸总量达到80％,羊毛异质率下降到5％以下。     

多胎萨福克羊及其与哈萨克羊F2代的肉品质特性研究

多胎萨福克羊是新疆经过多年育成的肉羊新品系,开展肉羊屠宰测定、肉质理化特性以及肉品质特性分析,为新品系肉羊的杂交利用提供依据.以多胎萨福克羊及其与哈萨克羊杂交F2为试验动物,屠宰并分析胴体品质和肉质性状.结果表明,多胎萨福克羊的肌间脂肪含量在4％～5％之间,蛋白质含量高于20％,组氨酸超出理想蛋白质指标.多胎萨福克羊和杂交后代屠宰率分别是55.8％和53.52％,多胎萨福克羊的屠宰率、净肉重、净肉率、肉骨比和眼肌面积指标均极显著高于杂交F2(P＜0.01),胴体净肉率显著高于杂交F2(P＜0.05),胴体肉质中钾、镁、钠、锌、钙、磷、棕榈酸、硬脂酸、饱和脂肪酸含量极显著高于杂交F2(P＜0.01).脂肪酸组成基本一致,均以棕榈酸、硬脂酸和油酸为主,多胎萨福克羊肉质中苏氨酸、谷氨酸、丝氨酸、天冬氨酸、必需氨基酸和非必需氨基酸总量显著高于杂交F2(P＜0.05),其余指标差异不显著.结果表明,多胎萨福克羊具有肉质营养丰富、胴体品质优良的种质特性,可用于地方绵羊的杂交改良.     

德国美利奴羊在新疆的应用前景

本文推荐一个优良的肉毛兼用品种-德国美利奴羊，该品种具有美利奴羊的基本特征，且肉用性能特别好。德国美利奴成年公羊体重分别是中国美利奴和新疆细毛羊成年公羊体重的185.7%和200.0%；德国美利奴成年母羊体重分别是中国美利奴羊和新疆羊的187.5%和178.5%。德国美利奴与新疆当地羊的杂交后代，脂肪含量降低，羊毛品质到改善。德国美利奴与本地细毛羊杂交，在提高羊肉产量的同时，也不会导致细行羊退化。     

凉山半细毛羊的选育及其生产性能

凉山羊细毛羊是在本地粗毛羊的基础上，先后用细毛羊和半细毛羊杂交，经40多年选育而成的48－50支半细毛羊新品种。产毛提高，羊毛品质好，生长迅速，有较好的产肉性能，适于气候温暖和凉爽，较干燥或湿润的环境饲养繁殖，是我国近年育成的粗档半细毛羊新品种之一。     

山西地方品种晋中绵羊的研究进展

晋中绵羊是山西优良的地方品种,是蒙古羊与山西晋中当地品种杂交形成的产肉性能较好的农区粗毛短脂尾地方品种,具有生长快、易肥育、肉质鲜嫩的特点,1年1胎,双胎率低。大量学者开展了晋中绵羊的营养与饲料、遗传与繁殖、毛绒品质和羊肉加工方向的研究,本文将晋中绵羊的相关文献进行归纳、整理和分析,阐述各位学者开展晋中绵羊的营养与饲料、遗传和繁殖等方向的研究工作进展,进而为晋中绵羊的未来发展提供参考。     

不同年龄肥育驴肉的营养成分分析

对断奶、1.5岁、成年不同年龄驴分7组采用不同营养水平饲喂63～113 d,各组将接近平均体重的3头屠宰,取股二头肌、眼肌和臂三头肌肉样进行营养成分测定,结果表明.驴肉与其它肉类相比为高蛋白、低脂肪、低热能肉品,蛋白质质量优异,全价性好;断奶、1.5岁、成年退役驴肉中各成分平均值(％)为干物质(25.28±2.67),粗蛋白(21.19±2.06),粗脂肪(2.38±2.18),粗灰分(1.10±0.12),热能(1.441±0.129) kcal/g;随年龄增加,驴肉中干物质、脂肪、能量上升,粗蛋白、灰分下降.驴肉氨基酸总量平均为20.08g/100g,含量比《食品成分表》所列(15.99～19.57g/100g)要高;其中精氨酸、酪氨酸、组氨酸与猪肉、马肉相比差异达极显著水平(P＜0.01);限制性赖氨酸与猪肉、羊肉、牛肉相比差异也达极显著水平(P＜0.01);鲜味氨基酸中的天门冬氨酸和谷氨酸试驴驴肉与猪肉、羊肉、马肉相比差异也达极显著水平(P＜0.01);衡量肉品蛋白质质量的色氨酸驴肉(0.662g/100g)远高于其它家畜肉中含量.1.5岁试驴驴内不饱和脂肪酸和必需脂肪酸含量(％)平均为(61.09±0.71),必需脂肪酸(亚油酸、亚麻酸、花生四烯酸)含量(％)平均为(21.25±3.73);两者与猪肉、牛肉相比差异达极显著水平(P＜01),后者与羊肉相比差异也达显著水平(P＜0.05);试验数据同时表明,不饱和脂肪酸和必需脂肪酸含量1.5岁试驴驴内股二头肌均高于臂三头肌和眼肌.1.5岁试驴眼肌肉中胆固醇含量较低为79.20 mg/100g,比猪肉、羊肉、牛肉含量低;不同部位脂肪中胆固醇含量不一.1.5岁试驴眼肌肉中维生素含量与其它家畜肉相近,而微量元素则较多.     

Knee injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS) - validation of a Swedish version

The Knee injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS) is a self-administered instrument measuring outcome after knee injury at impairment, disability, and handicap level in five subscales. Reliability, validity, and responsiveness of a Swedish version was assessed in 142 patients who underwent arthroscopy because of injury to the menisci, anterior cruciate ligament, or cartilage of the knee. The clinimetric properties were found to be good and comparable to the American version of the KOOS. Comparison to the Short Form-36 and the Lysholm knee scoring scale revealed expected correlations and construct validity. Item by item, symptoms and functional limitations were compared between diagnostic groups. High responsiveness was found three months after arthroscopic partial meniscectomy for all subscales but Activities of Daily Living.     

Endovascular management of carotid-cavernous fistulas

Objective To investigate endovascular treatment of traumatic direct carotid-cavernous fistulas （CCF） and their complications such as pseudoaneurysms. Methods： Over a five-year period, 22 patients with traumatic direct CCFs were treated endovascularly in our institution. Thirteen patients were treated once with the result of CCF occluded, 8 twice and 1 three times. Treatment modalities included balloon occlusion of the CCF, sacrifice of the ipsilateral internal carotid artery with detachable balloon, coll embolization of the cavernous sinus and secondary pseudoaneurysms, and covered-stem management of the pseudoaneurysms. Results All the direct CCFs were successfully managed endovascularly. Four patients developed a pseudoaneurysm after the occlusion of the CCF with an incidence of pseudoaneurysm formation of 18.2% （4/22）. A total number of 8 patients experienced permanent occlusion of the ICA with a rate of ICA occlusion reaching 36.4% （8/22）. Followed up through telephone consultation from 6 months to 5 years, all did well with no recurrence of CCF symptoms and signs. Conclusion Traumatic direct CCFs can be successfully managed with endovascular means. The pseudoaneurysms secondary to the occlusion of the CCFs can be occluded with stent-assisted coiling and implantation of covered stents.     

The role of interventional radiology in trauma

Introduction Interventional Radiology has evolved into a specialty having enormous input into the care of the traumatized patient.In all hospitals,regardless of size,the Interventional Radiologist must consider their relationships with the trauma service in order to     

Diagnóstico ecográfico del neumotórax

The ultrasonographic diagnosis of pneumothorax is based on the analysis of artifacts. It is possible to confirm or rule out pneumothorax by combining the following signs: lung sliding, the A and B lines, and the lung point. One fundamental advantage of lung ultrasonography is its easy access in any critical situation, especially in patients in the intensive care unit. For this reason, chest ultrasonography can be used as an alternative to plain-film X-rays and computed tomography in critical patients and in patients with normal plain films in whom pneumothorax is strongly suspected, as well as to evaluate the extent of the pneumothorax and monitor its evolution.     

Carbohydrate Supplementation during Exercise: Does It Help? How Much is Too Much?

KEY POINTS· Carbohydrate intake during exercise can delay the onset of fatigue and improve performance of prolonged exercise as well as exercise of shorter duration and greater intensity (e.g., continuous exercise lasting about 1h and intermittent high-intensity exercise), but the mechanisms by which performance is improved are different.     

The acutely limping child

Acute limping may be the result of multiple pathologies in children. The differential diagnosis varies based on the age of the child. Irrespective of age, the initial imaging work-up includes AP and frog leg radiographs of the pelvis and ultrasound; MRI may sometimes be helpful. In children less than 3 years, infections and trauma are most frequent. MRI is the imaging modality of choice when osteomyelitis is clinically suspected. Between the ages of 3 and 10 years, transient synovitis of the hip and Legg-Calvé-Perthes disease are main considerations but infection, inflammation and focal bony lesions are also considered. In children over 10 years, slipped capital femoral epiphysis also is considered.