射干药材的HPLC指纹图谱研究

目的:研究不同产地射干药材的HPLC指纹图谱,为控制射干药材质量提供依据.方法:采用Agilent Zorbax SB-C18色谱柱(4.6 mm×250 mm,5 μm);乙腈-0.4%冰醋酸水溶液为流动相,梯度洗脱;流速1 mL·min-1;检测波长269 nm.结果:15个不同产地射干药材的指纹图谱有14个共有峰,通过与对照品的保留时间比较,确定了其中7个峰.结论:虽然不同产地药材指纹图谱具有一定差异,HPLC指纹图谱仍可以用作射干药材的质量控制.     

不同产地夏枯草指纹图谱研究

目的建立不同产地夏枯草药材的指纹图谱,为夏枯草药材的质量控制提供依据。方法色谱柱:Agilent 5HC-C_(18)(250 mm×4.6 mm,5μm);流动相:乙腈(A)-0.1%磷酸水溶液(B),梯度洗脱;流速:1.0 mL·min~(-1);检测波长:210 nm;柱温:30℃。结果建立了夏枯草药材的指纹图谱,标示了18个共有峰。16批药材中,有14批药材指纹图谱与对照图谱相似度达到0.88以上,表明大多数产地的夏枯草药材质量一致性较好。结论该方法稳定、可靠、重复性好,可以有效地用于夏枯草药材的质量控制。     

制川乌HPLC特征图谱研究和6种酯型生物碱的含量测定

目的:采用高效液相色谱建立制川乌的特征图谱,并同时测定6种酯型生物碱的含量。方法:以苯甲酰新乌头原碱、苯甲酰乌头原碱、苯甲酰次乌头原碱、新乌头碱、乌头碱、次乌头碱为对照,采用Phenomenex Gemini C18柱(250 mm×4.6 mm,5μm),乙腈-0.04 mol.L-1醋酸铵溶液(氨溶液调pH=10.0)梯度洗脱,流速0.8 mL.min-1,检测波长235 nm进行试验,用国家药典委员会中药色谱指纹图谱相似度评价系统2004AB处理分析。结果:不同来源的制川乌特征图谱相似度高,但乌头碱、次乌头碱、新乌头碱含量差异较大。生川乌与制川乌特征图谱比较,相似度小于0.3。结论:制川乌特征图谱专属性强,可结合6种酯型生物碱的含量测定全面控制制川乌的质量,为规范川乌的炮制工艺,合理、安全地使用制川乌提供科学依据。     

余苣降酸茶的HPLC指纹图谱研究

目的:建立余苣降酸茶HPLC指纹图谱,以控制该中药复方茶剂的质量。方法:采用HPLC梯度洗脱法测定余苣降酸茶的指纹图谱,色谱柱为Waters Sun Fire C18色谱柱(250 mm×4.6 mm,5μm);流动相为0.2%磷酸水溶液-乙腈,柱温:30℃,检测波长:308 nm,进样量:10μl,流速:1.0 ml·min^-1。结果:测得10批余苣降酸茶供试品HPLC色谱图,并标示出20个共有峰,确定其中2个已知峰分别为没食子酸和葛根素;并明确了20个共有峰的原药材归属。结论:该方法建立的余苣降酸茶HPLC指纹图谱重复性好,色谱峰信息量大,为全面控制该制剂的质量提供了可靠的方法。     

中药附子质量控制研究

目的HPLC法同时测定附子饮片（生品和炮制品）中3种双酯型生物碱含量,达到控制附子质量及指导临床安全用药的目的。方法以附子饮片（生品和炮制品）为研究对象,采用Agilent Extend—C18（4．6mm×150ram,5lxm）色谱柱,以乙腈-40mmol·L^-1乙酸铵（氨水调pH10．0）为流动相,建立乌头碱、新乌头碱和次乌头碱的含量测定方法,采用外标法测定药材中3种生物碱的含量,并比较各样品之间的差异。结果3种生物碱分离度良好,回收率均在95％－105％。黑顺片中乌头碱、新乌头碱及次乌头碱的含量与其余五批生附片及另一批白附片相比,差别较大。白附片与生附片之间差异较小。同一产地的5批生附片中各生物碱的含量亦存在差异。结论通过同时控制乌头碱、新乌头碱和次乌头碱的含量来控制附子饮片（生品和炮制品）的质量较为合理有效,且简单易行。     

延胡索HPLC指纹图谱研究

目的建立延胡索药材HPLC指纹图谱,为全面评价延胡索质量提供参考依据。方法色谱柱为Agilent ZORBAX Eclise XDB-C18(150mm×4.6mm,5μm);柱温为25℃;流动相为甲醇-0.1mL·L~(-1)磷酸溶液,梯度洗脱;流速为1.0mL·min~(-1);检测波长为280nm。采用《中药色谱指纹图谱相似度评价系统A版》对10批延胡索药材指纹图谱进行分析。结果确定了11个共有峰,精密度、稳定性和重复性实验中各共有峰相对保留时间的RSD值均小于2.0%,相对峰面积的RSD值均小于5.0%,建立了延胡索药材HPLC指纹图谱,通过分析得到10批延胡索药材指纹图谱的相似度均大于0.85。结论该方法简单易行,重复性较好,可作为延胡索药材的质量评价方法。     

附子理中丸数字化指纹图谱研究

目的建立附子理中丸HPLC数字化指纹图谱,为其质量控制提供依据。方法采用Century SIL C18 BDS色谱柱（250mm×4.6mm,5μm）,流动相为1%冰醋酸水-1%冰醋酸甲醇低压梯度洗脱,检测波长：280nm,柱温：30℃,进样量：5μL。用“中药色谱指纹图谱超信息特征数字化评价系统3.0”软件从分离度、信息量、相似度等6个方面对不同批次的附子理中丸指纹图谱进行潜信息特征数字化评价。同时以双参照物体系标定指纹峰的峰位、洗脱动量数ε、折合相对积分φ。结果建立了附子理中丸HPLC数字化指纹图谱,以5-羟甲基糠醛峰为参照物峰,确定31个共有峰,获得了判别附子理中丸质量的重要数字信息,以双定性双定量相似度法评价附子理中丸批间质量稳定。结论所建立HPLC数字化指纹图谱具有较好的精密度和重现性,适用于附子理中丸的质量控制。     

皮肤病血毒片的HPLC指纹图谱研究及3个成分的含量测定

目的建立皮肤病血毒片的高效液相色谱(HPLC)指纹图谱,测定绿原酸、小檗碱和甘草酸的含量。方法采用HPLC法。色谱条件:Kromasil C18柱(250 mm×4.6 mm,5μm);流动相为乙腈-5 mL·L-1磷酸水溶液,梯度洗脱;流速为0.8mL·min-1;检测波长为254nm;柱温为25℃。结果通过中药色谱指纹图谱相似度评价系统(2004A)确定了皮肤病血毒片的HPLC指纹图谱共有模式,标定了42个共有峰,相似度为0.958~0.992;并测得10批制剂中绿原酸、小檗碱和甘草酸的含量分别为0.299 7,0.272 4和0.208 7mg·片-1,RSD值分别为2.32%,2.65%和1.95%。结论皮肤病血毒片的HPLC指纹图谱及其中绿原酸、小檗碱和甘草酸的含量检测方法简便、准确、重复性好,可用于该制剂的质量控制。     

蓼大青叶标准汤剂鸟苷含量测定及指纹图谱研究

目的 建立蓼大青叶标准汤剂鸟苷含量测定及指纹图谱分析方法。方法 采用Agilent ZORBAX Bonus-RP色谱柱(250 mm×4.6 mm, 5μm);以甲醇-水为流动相,梯度洗脱;流速1.0 mL·min^-1;柱温30℃;进样量10μL;检测波长260 nm。测定15批蓼大青叶样品中鸟苷含量,进行相似度评价,建立15批标准汤剂指纹图谱,并确认共有色谱峰。结果 15批标准汤剂鸟苷含量范围1.67 mg·g^-1～2.84 mg·g^-1;指纹图谱共确定9个共有峰,相似度均大于0.98,并通过对照品对比指认出尿苷、鸟苷和腺苷3个特征峰。结论 建立的标准汤剂鸟苷含量测定及指纹图谱分析方法稳定,重复性良好,可为后续质量标准的研究及建立提供参考。     

调经益母片的高效液相色谱指纹图谱及成分定量研究

目的 研究调经益母片的高效液相色谱(HPLC)法指纹图谱,并测定丹参素、益母草碱、迷迭香酸与丹酚酸B的含量.方法 采用HPLC法,色谱条件:阿克苏诺贝尔Kromasil C18柱(250 mm× 4.6 mm,5.0μm);流动相为乙腈-5.0 g·L-1磷酸水溶液,梯度洗脱;流速为0.8mL·min-1;柱温为30℃;检测波长为270 nm.结果通过中药色谱指纹图谱相似度评价系统(2004A),确定了调经益母片的HPLC指纹图谱共有模式,标定了43个共有峰,相似度为0.938 ～ 0.985;并测定了10批制剂中丹参素、益母草碱、迷迭香酸与丹酚酸B的平均含量分别为2.39、3.61、5.98、60.11 mg-g-1,RSD(％)分别为1.30、0.91、1.46、0.92％.结论 HPLC指纹图谱测定方法及其丹参素、益母草碱、迷迭香酸与丹酚酸B的定量方法简便易行、稳定可靠,可作为调经益母片制剂的质量控制方法.     

Synthesis,Cytotoxicity and Antileishmanial Activity of Some N-(2-(indol-3-yl)ethyl)-7-chloroquinolin-4-amines

We report herein the condensation of 4,7-dichloroquinoline (1) with tryptamine (2) and D-tryptophan methyl ester (3) . Hydrolysis of the methyl ester adduct (5) yielded the free acid (6) . The compounds were evaluated in vitro for activity against four different species of Leishmania promastigote forms and for cytotoxic activity against Kb and Vero cells. Compound (5) showed good activity against the Leishmania species tested, while all three compounds displayed moderate activity in both Kb and Vero cells.     

Efficacy of gut lavage,hemodialysis, and hemoperfusion in the therapy of paraquat or diquat intoxication

Clinical and in vitro investigations were carried out to test the efficacy of gut lavage, hemodialysis, and hemoperfusion in the treatment of poisoning with paraquat or diquat. In a patient suffering from diquat intoxication 130 times more diquat was removed by gut lavage 30 h after ingestion than was removed by complete aspiration of the gastric contents.Determination of in vitro clearances for paraquat and diquat by hemodialysis showed that, at serum concentrations of 1–2 ppm, such as are frequently encountered in poisoning in man, toxicologically relevant quantities of herbicide cannot be removed from the body. At a concentration of 20 ppm, on the other hand, hemodialysis proved to be effective, the clearance being 70 ml/min at a blood flow rate of 100 ml/min. The efficacy of hemoperfusion with coated activated charcoal was on the whole better. Especially at concentrations around 1–2 ppm, the clearance values for hemoperfusion were some 5–7 times higher than those for hemodialysis.In a patient suffering from paraquat poisoning, both hemodialysis as well as hemoperfusion were carried out. The in vitro results could be confirmed: At serum concentrations of paraquat less than 1 ppm no clearance could be obtained by hemodialysis while by hemoperfusion with activated charcoal quite high clearance values were measured and the serum level dropped down to zero.

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Zusammenfassung Klinische Untersuchungen und Laboratoriumsversuche wurden durchgeführt, um die Wirksamkeit von Darmspülung, Hämodialyse und Hämoperfusion bei Paraquat- und Deiquat-Vergiftungen zu prüfen.Bei einem Patienten wurde 30 Std nach Deiquat-Aufnahme durch Darmspülung 130mal mehr Deiquat entfernt als durch vollständige Aspiration des Mageninhaltes. In vitro-Versuche ergaben, daß bei Blutserumkonzentrationen von 1–2 ppm, die bei Vergiftungen oft gemessen werden, durch Hämodialyse keine toxikologisch relevanten Paraquat- oder Deiquat-Mengen entfernt werden können. Dagegen erwies sich die Hämodialyse bei 20 ppm und einer Blutumlaufgeschwindigkeit von 100 ml/min mit einer Clearance von 70 ml/min als wirksam. Die Hämoperfusion mit beschicheter Aktivkohle war in diesen Versuchen aber eindeutig überlegen, denn insbesondere bei Konzentrationen um 1–2 ppm waren die Clearance-Werte 5–7mal höher als bei der Hämodialyse.Die in vitro-Ergebnisse wurden bei einem Patienten mit einer Paraquat-Vergiftung bestätigt: Bei Konzentrationen unter 1 ppm war die Hämodialyse wirkungslos, während durch Hämoperfusion relativ hohe Clearance-Werte erreicht wurden, so daß der Serumspiegel rasch unter die Nachweisgrenze abfiel.

     

In vitro studies on sterically stabilized liposomes (SL) as enzyme carriers in organophosphorus (OP) antagonism

This study describes a new approach for organophosphorous (OP) antidotal treatment by encapsulating an OP hydrolyzing enzyme, OPA anhydrolase (OPAA), within sterically stabilized liposomes. The recombinant OPAA enzyme was derived from Alteromonas strain JD6. It has broad substrate specificity to a wide range of OP compounds: DFP and the nerve agents, soman and sarin. Liposomes encapsulating OPAA (SL)* were made by mechanical dispersion method. Hydrolysis of DFP by (SL)* was measured by following an increase of fluoride ion concentration using a fluoride ion selective electrode. OPAA entrapped in the carrier liposomes rapidly hydrolyze DFP, with the rate of DFP hydrolysis directly proportional to the amount of (SL)* added to the solution. Liposomal carriers containing no enzyme did not hydrolyze DFP. The reaction was linear and the rate of hydrolysis was first order in the substrate. This enzyme carrier system serves as a biodegradable protective environment for the recombinant OP-metabolizing enzyme, OPAA, resulting in prolongation of enzymatic concentration in the body. These studies suggest that the protection of OP intoxication can be strikingly enhanced by adding OPAA encapsulated within (SL)* to pralidoxime and atropine.     

Lung disease and PKCs

The lung offers a rich opportunity for development of therapeutic strategies focused on isozymes of protein kinase C (PKCs). PKCs are important in many cellular responses in the lung, and existing therapies for pulmonary disorders are inadequate. The lung poses unique challenges as it interfaces with air and blood, contains a pulmonary and systemic circulation, and consists of many cell types. Key structures are bronchial and pulmonary vessels, branching airways, and distal air sacs defined by alveolar walls containing capillaries and interstitial space. The cellular composition of each vessel, airway, and alveolar wall is heterogeneous. Injurious environmental stimuli signal through PKCs and cause a variety of disorders. Edema formation and pulmonary hypertension (PHTN) result from derangements in endothelial, smooth muscle (SM), and/or adventitial fibroblast cell phenotype. Asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), and lung cancer are characterized by distinctive pathological changes in airway epithelial, SM, and mucous-generating cells. Acute and chronic pneumonitis and fibrosis occur in the alveolar space and interstitium with type 2 pneumocytes and interstitial fibroblasts/myofibroblasts playing a prominent role. At each site, inflammatory, immune, and vascular progenitor cells contribute to the injury and repair process. Many strategies have been used to investigate PKCs in lung injury. Isolated organ preparations and whole animal studies are powerful approaches especially when genetically engineered mice are used. More analysis of PKC isozymes in normal and diseased human lung tissue and cells is needed to complement this work. Since opposing or counter-regulatory effects of selected PKCs in the same cell or tissue have been found, it may be desirable to target more than one PKC isozyme and potentially in different directions. Because multiple signaling pathways contribute to the key cellular responses important in lung biology, therapeutic strategies targeting PKCs may be more effective if combined with inhibitors of other pathways for additive or synergistic effect. Mechanisms that regulate PKC activity, including phosphorylation and interaction with isozyme-specific binding proteins, are also potential therapeutic targets. Key isotypes of PKC involved in lung pathophysiology are summarized and current and evolving therapeutic approaches to target them are identified.     

Steroidal sapogenin contents in some domestic plants

In order to find out the values of the steroid resources for the future use. the compositions and contents of steroidal sapogenins from 13 domestic plants have been investigated. As a result,Dioscorea nipponica, D. quinqueloba andSmilax china were found to have large amount of diosgenin. And pennogenin inTrillium kamtschaticum andParis verticillata, yuccagenin inAllium fistulosum, hecogenin inAgave americana and neochlorogenin inSolanum nigum were appeared to be major steroidal sapogenins.