基于医疗设备目标达成率的多参数效益分析方法的研究

目的：提出一种可行性高的反映医疗设备综合效益的方法。方法：以较易获得的医疗设备目标达成率等效益数据体现医疗设备的经济效益及社会效益,并结合会议投票法确定各个影响因子的权重,提出一种多参数效益分析方法,并使用该方法与传统效益分析对某院一批设备2020的运行情况进行效益分析。结果：投资收益率、使用率等目前主流的效益分析数据只能部分反映医疗设备的经济效益或者社会效益,不能全面体现设备的综合效益和使用情况;而多参数效益分析不仅与设备经济效益正相关,还能够对设备社会效益进行定量分析,从而较客观地体现出医疗设备的综合效益。结论：基于医疗设备目标达成率的多参数效益分析能够较全面反映医疗设备的综合效益,为医院设备购置及资源管理提供数据支撑。     

医院实施HIS后的综合效益评估

对二炮医院实施信息化工程后的社会效益、经济效益、技术效益指标与实施前进行比较，找出两阶段的差异。运用加权指数法和两样本t检验的统计学方法，对我院“十五”实施HIS系统后，技术效益、医疗工作量、工作效率和经济效益等指标的变化进行分析。因此，单病人就诊效率比实施HIS前明显提高（P〈0．01）；甲级病案率由85．78％上升至98．83％；综合效益指数由0.9576上升至1．0718。根据分析评价结果，对医院的信息化管理提出了建议和措施。     

综合评价医院工作提高医院管理水平——建立考评医院工作的综合效益指标体系的研究

当前，如何从经济效益和社会效益相统一的角度，科学地综合考评医院工作，指导医院工作，已成为卫生行驶管理部门和医院共同关心并亟待解决的问题。本文对此进行了探讨并建立了考评医院工作的综合效益指标体系。     

医院医疗质量控制与评价体系的研究

为了探讨简单易行的医疗质量控制与评价系统，采用以计算机为纽带，抓信息源头、工作流程、基础管理等入手，应用层次分析综合指标评价法，形成质量监测图，对医院的经营、病房工作效率、病种质量等进行监测评价，研制出了医疗信息计算机网络管理系统。系统运用后，改变了管理方式，使评价系统化、模式化，促进了管理的科学化，体现了以病人为中心，提高了医院的经济收益和管理水平     

设备的营运管理及效益浅析

医疗设备是医院发展的重要保证，通过对医院超声设备的营运管理及效益进行分析，证明有效的管理对提高社会效益和经济效益有重要的实际意义。     

Spss下主成分分析法评价非手术科室综合效益

目的:为医院非手术科室管理提供决策依据.方法:采用某医院12个非手术科室2007年数据,运用主成分分析法对这12个科室进行评价.结果:心血管科综合效益最好,社会效益和经济效益分别居第3位和第1位,传染科综合效益最差,社会效益和经济效益分别居第6位和第12位;结论:医院引用主成分分析法对科室综合效益进行评价,找出排名靠后的科室,促使其提高医疗技术和服务质量,提高综合效益.     

准分子激光治疗仪使用效益分析

为促进医院对大型医疗设备的规范有效管理,笔者试对某医院准分子激光治疗仪使用率和效益情况进行综合分析,并由点及面探讨如何强化对大型设备的购置使用管理,以促进其发挥更大的社会效益和经济效益.     

某医院PET-CT使用效益分析

为促进公立医院对大型医疗设备的规范有效管理,试对某医院PET-CT使用率和效益情况进行综合分析,并探讨改进措施,以由点及面推动医院进一步强化对大型设备的购置使用管理,促进医疗设备发挥更大的社会效益和经济效益。     

加强内涵建设提高医院整体水平

坚定不移地走内涵发展的路子，就是要走质量效益型的发展道路，依靠科技、管理和改革，最大限度地发挥现有卫生资源的效益；通过高质量、低消耗、快节奏的医疗工作为患者提供全程优质医疗服务，赢得社会声誉，是巩固和发展“三甲”医院评审成果、推进医院建设迈上新台阶的有效途径。工作中我们注意做好４个方面的工作：一是保证基础医疗质量，提高整体医疗水平；二是加强人才培养和学科建设，增强医院后劲；三是合理利用卫生资源，提高医疗工作效率；四是强化管理，提高医院的综合效益。解放军总医院     

医院技术经济效益指数设计原理与其实用性

医院技术经济效益指数,就是对医院经济效益、技术效益(医疗质量)和社会效益进行综合评价的指标。把医院技术经济效益指数这个概念应用到医院的管理实践中,有利于促进医院改革的深化和医院技术经济责任制的落实。     

Calcium intake in the elderly: validation of a dietary questionnaire

Epidemiological studies of calcium and osteoporosis have been hampered by the lack of a suitable tool for assessing calcium intake. This report describes a new frequency and amount questionnaire for measuring present and past calcium intake in the elderly. The validity of the questionnaire was tested against two commonly used standards of dietary assessment, five-day duplicate diets and seven-day weighed dietary inventories. The resulting correlation coefficients were, respectively, r = 0.76 and r = 0.69, while that for repeatability was r = 0.84. Furthermore, the questionnaire categorized subjects into thirds of the distribution of intake with almost no gross misclassification. It is suggested that the present findings may be extended to the majority of normal, healthy elderly subjects, implying wide application for the questionnaire in the assessment of calcium intake in the elderly.     

The human drama of genetics: 'hard' and 'soft' media representations of inherited breast cancer

This paper examines media coverage of 'breast cancer genetics', and explores its implications for public understanding. We present a content analysis of coverage in British newspapers and look at a variety of popular forms, including women's magazines, television soap opera and radio drama. Genetic/inherited risk receives a great deal of coverage across a wide range of media formats and outlets. Much of this attention has focused on individuals from 'high risk families' and dilemmas around prophylactic mastectomies. Through examining media coverage, combined with interviews with media personnel and their sources, we show why this story proved so attractive to the media and highlight the different production values which influence coverage. Finally, we introduce preliminary findings from focus group discussions to demonstrate how such 'human interest' framing has engaged audience attention and influenced public understandings. The paper concludes by highlighting the implications for analysing, predicting, and engaging with, media representations of science.     

Self-reported health problems among Swedish miners one year after unemployment

Unemployment is considered to be a public health concern sincedeterioration in the health of the unemployed is often anticipated.However, for some groups, such as miners, unemployment mightimprove health due to a cessation of potentially harmful occupationalexposures. This study evaluates the health of 79 miners in oneSwedish iron-ore mine, and 226 age-matched controls from thegeneral population, during one year after the closure of themine. The participants received a questionnaire regarding medicalhistory and subjective symptoms at the beginning of the studyperiod, and after one year. Statistically significant negativeeffects on self-reported health attributable to unemploymentwere not found, although neuropsychiatric symptoms were morecommon among the unemployed miners. The miners reported a statisticallysignificant improvement in grip force (p=0.031). They had asignificantly higher prevalence of symptoms associated withmining related exposures when compared with the population controls;pain in the upper extremities [relative risk (RR)=2.27, 95%confidence interval (Cl)=1.44–3.59), back pain (RR=1.84;Cl=1.237–2.75), vasospastic disease of the fingers (RR=2.05;Cl=1.18–3.57) and obstructive respiratory symptoms (attacksof dyspnea and wheezing: RR=3.67; Cl=1.167–11.6).     

Excès de cas humains et animaux de tularémie en France au cours de l’hiver 2007–2008 : émergence ou phénomène isolé ?

Context

Tularemia is a zoonosis affecting humans and hares in France. We describe the results of surveillance in both species, in 2007 and 2008.

Methods

Human tularemia cases are mandatorily notifiable in France since 2003. In hares, surveillance relies on volunteer hunter associations in all districts of the country. Data from mandatory reports and volunteer surveillance in 2007/2008 were analyzed and compared with previous results.

Results

In 2007/2008, 144 cases were reported in humans and 117 cases in hares. This was a 100% increase compared to previous years. Human cases differed from those of previous years only by the frequency of contact with breeding animals. Human cases without any documented risk exposure were also more frequent.

Conclusion

An increase of tularemia cases occurred in 2007/2008 in both species. Complementary studies are needed to identify the species reservoir in France to understand the causes of this peak of cases.     

深圳公立医院管理体制改革制度设计

深圳公立医院管理体制改革实行政事分开、管办分开,在理事会架构下按法定机构模式组建市医管中心,落实公立医院运营管理自主权.作者从当前公立医院管理体制的弊端入手,介绍了深圳市进行公立医院管理体制改革的基本思路及改革方案设计的主要举措,深入剖析了的改革方案的特点,并对改革效果进行了预测.     

Effects of nitrogen dioxide on red blood cells of rats: Changes in components of red cell membranes during in vivo exposure to NO2

Red cell membranes, prepared from red blood cells of rats exposed to 4, 10, or 20 ppm nitrogen dioxide (NO₂) for 1 to 10 days, were examined for evidence of changes in membrane components. Appreciable changes were not found in contents of phospholipid and cholesterol during exposure to 10 ppm NO₂. By contrast, protein content altered with the time of exposure. Moreover, changes in protein composition were observed by employing sodium dodecyl sulfate — polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Twenty-four-hour exposure to NO₂ at the concentration above 10 ppm resulted in a marked increase in the percentage of lysophosphatidylethanolamine (LysoPE) to the total phospholipids. The prolonged exposure to 10 ppm NO₂ gave rise to a further increase in LysoPE, whereas the percentage of phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) showed a gradual decrease. A 1-day exposure to 4.0 ppm NO₂ also caused an increase in sialic acid content and decreases in those of PE and hexose. In addition to contents of these components the percentage of LysoPE increased 5 days after exposure and the elevated values were maintained up to the end of exposure period. These results demonstrate that red blood cells in circulation exhibit different membrane properties in terms of lipid and carbohydrate composition during 10 days of exposure to 4.0 ppm NO₂.     

Occupational health hazards in mining: an overview

This review article outlines the physical, chemical, biological, ergonomic and psychosocial occupational health hazards of mining and associated metallurgical processes. Mining remains an important industrial sector in many parts of the world and although substantial progress has been made in the control of occupational health hazards, there remains room for further risk reduction. This applies particularly to traumatic injury hazards, ergonomic hazards and noise. Vigilance is also required to ensure exposures to coal dust and crystalline silica remain effectively controlled.     

Manufacture and use of nanomaterials: current status in the UK and global trends

This paper provides an overview of the production and use of nanomaterials (NMs), particularly in the UK. Currently, relatively few companies in the UK are identifiable as NM manufacturers, the main emphasis being the bulk markets in metals and metal oxides, and some niche markets such as carbon nanotubes and quantum dots. NM manufacturing in the UK does not reflect the global emphasis on fullerenes, nanotubes and fibres. Some assumptions have been made about the types of NM that are likely to be imported into the UK, which currently include fullerenes, modified fullerenes and other carbon-based NMs including nanotubes. Many university departments, spin-offs and private companies have developed processes for the manufacture of NMs but may only be producing small quantities for research and development (R&D) purposes. However, some have the potential to scale up to produce large quantities. The nanotechnology industry in the UK has strong R&D backup from universities and related institutions. This review has covered R&D trends at such institutions, and appropriate information has been added to a searchable database. While several companies are including NMs in their products, only a few (e.g. manufacturers of paints, coatings, cosmetics, catalysts, polymer composites) are using nanoparticles (NPs) in any significant quantities. However, this situation is likely to change rapidly. There is a need to collect more information about exposure to NPs in both manufacturing and user scenarios. As the market grows, and as manufacturers switch from the micro- to the nanoscale, the potential for exposure will increase. More research is required to quantify any risks to workers and consumers.     

The risk of heat exhaustion at a deep underground metalliferous mine in relation to surface temperatures

The risk of heat exhaustion at a deep underground metalliferous mine was assessed in relation to thermal conditions prevailing on the surface. For each day of a 1-year prospective case series of heat exhaustion, surface 24-h mean wet and dry bulb temperatures were recorded. From this data, 24-h mean wet bulb globe temperatures were derived using certain assumptions. The three surface temperature variables were significantly higher on those days on which heat exhaustion occurred, compared to those days on which it did not occur (P < 0.001). The relative risk of heat exhaustion on days when the 24-h mean wet bulb globe temperature was in the range 26.0-28.0 degrees C was 4.82 (95% confidence interval 2.12-10.96). Surface temperature data could be used at this mine to warn miners about the risk of heat exhaustion.