国内抗辐射天然药物简介

随着科学技术及人们生活的现代化,环境污染给人们的健康带来越来越多的不利影响,尤其是在疾病的诊断与治疗过程中,如在肿瘤放疗、化疗过程中,某些药物对人类具有不可低估的辐射作用。还有些带有辐射性的职业工作都无时不在侵害着人们的机体,损害着人类的健康。因此,研究开发抗辐射药物,特别是天然药物中的抗辐射药物,在现代医药保健事业中已经受到人们的极大重视。笔者拟对国内抗辐射天然药物作一简介。1　作用机制的实验研究1.1　促进或改善骨髓造血功能,保护造血系统:胡名柏[1]等研究了猪苓多糖对受辐射损伤的大鼠造血功能及免疫功能的影…     

抗辐射药物研究进展

近年来随着肿瘤放疗的进展及核工业的迅速发展,对抗辐射药物的研究日益受到重视.由于细胞因子在升高患者白细胞、促进造血和免疫功能重建中显示出的独特作用,并在辐射损伤临床救治中取得了令人瞩目的成就,迅速成为当今抗辐射药物的研究热点,其他抗辐射药物,包括含硫化合物、天然药物、激素等对辐射防护也起着很大作用.本文拟就这一领域的研究进展作一综述.     

放疗用抗辐射药研究进展

抗辐射药是指可预防射线对人体的损伤,减轻放射病的临床症状,并促进及早恢复的药物。随着放疗在恶性肿瘤患者治疗中的广泛应用,放疗用抗辐射药的作用越发重要。传统的抗辐射药有自由基清除剂、超氧化物歧化酶及其类似物、氮氧化物类、天然抗氧化剂、细胞因子类等,这些药物普遍存在着毒副作用大、治疗时间窗窄、稳定性差,治疗成本高等缺点。因此,寻找高效、低毒、经济和使用方便的放疗用抗辐射药尤为重要和迫切。近年来,随着对细胞信号通路认识的加深,血管紧张素转换酶抑制剂和细胞凋亡调节剂逐渐成为放疗用抗辐射药研究的热点。本文综述了可在放疗中使用的、有明确或潜在应用前景的抗辐射药物及其优缺点,并展望了其未来发展趋势。     

沙棘蜂王浆口服液抗辐射损伤作用的研究

从亚细胞水平探讨了沙棘蜂王浆口服液抗辐射损伤的作用,从抗自由基损伤角度阐述了其作用机制,并与维生素E抗辐射作用进行了对比性研究.结果显示小鼠经8.5Gyγ射线一次性全身照射后,本口服液小组鼠肝线粒体脂质过氧化物含量明显低于辐射损伤组(P<0.01)和维生素E对照组(P<0.01)F Mn-SOD和CuZn-SOD活力均明显高于辐射损伤组(P<0.01),而与维生素E组无显著差别(P<0.05);GSH-P_x活力明高显于辐射损伤组和维生素E组(P<0.01).     

细胞因子抗辐射作用研究进展

由于世界核安全形势和各种放射治疗的需要,辐射损伤的防治仍是当前研究的热点之一。常用的辐射防护药物均有一定的毒副作用,严重限制了它们的应用。国内外多年的研究结果说明细胞因子具有较独特的抗辐射作用,合理的细胞因子联用会提高疗效或抵消细胞因子单用时存在的局限性和副作用。本文对近年来国外细胞因子抗辐射作用的研究状况作一综述,旨在为寻求更为高效低毒的辐射防护药物奠定基础。1细胞因子的特性细胞因子是一群小分子量(约8 000~80 000)蛋白,通常以自分泌或旁分泌形式发挥作用。现已发现200多种人体细胞因子。人类基因组研究结果…     

从毒邪致病论电离辐射损伤的中医病机

随着世界科技及军事的发展,核武器爆炸造成的环境污染,核能源利用如铀矿开采、放射性物质的贮存和运输等环节造成的环境污染,包括用于诊断治疗的医源性照射所引起的电离辐射损伤[1-4],都呈增长趋势。近年来,人们发现中草药具有良好的抗辐射作用,然而,目前中草药的治疗多局限在单味药、有效成分的研究上,充分发挥中医药治疗特点针对辐射损伤辨证施治的研究报道较少。究其原因,是对辐射损伤的中医病因病机研究不够充分,认识不统一。通过对辐射病的观察我们发现,射线具有高能、快速、穿透力强、热源性等特点,属于热毒致病的范畴。因此,我们从辐…     

红毛五加多糖防辐射损伤的观察

近年,应用多糖成份抗放,为防治辐射损伤开辟了新的领域。本文就甘肃资源较丰富的红毛五加多糖,进行了抗辐射作用的初步探讨,报道如下:     

多糖抗辐射作用的研究进展

多糖广泛存在于自然界中的动物、植物、微生物和海洋生物等生物机体内,既是生物体的贮能物质,也是生物体的结构物质,还参与多种重要的生命活动。人们已分离到各种活性多糖达300余种,发现其具有多种生理药理作用。许多多糖具有清除自由基、保护造血系统和增强机体免疫的作用,因此能保护机体免受辐射损伤,且无不良反应,是较好的抗辐射药物。     

多糖抗辐射作用的研究进展

多糖广泛存在于自然界中,目前能经分离提纯得到各种活性多糖达300余种,研究发现其具有多种生理药理作用,如可保护机体免受辐射损伤等,同时多糖还具有毒性小、不蓄积的优点,因此,是较好的抗辐射药物。本文就多糖提高存活率、清除体内自由基、保护造血系统、增强机体免疫力和降低畸变率的作用进行综述。     

天然药物抗辐射损伤作用机制的研究现状与进展

辐射对生物体具有相当大的危害,其可以直接作用于DNA、蛋白质及酶类,引起电离激发化学键断裂,使分子变性和细胞结构破坏;也可以作用于机体内水分子,使其发生水解,产生大量具有强氧化性的自由基,间接使组织细胞变性、坏死,以致机体代谢紊乱,引起免疫、神经和内分泌等系统的调节功能障碍。在研究中发现许多天然药物具有明显的抗辐射作用,其机制可能与保护DNA、抗免疫损伤、保护造血系统、清除自由基等方面有关。近年来,天然药物抗辐射作用已逐步成为研究热点,对其抗辐射的效果、药理、活性成分的研究也在不断深入。因此,加强对天然药物抗辐射作用及机制的研究,对开发新的抗辐射药物具有重要意义。     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

APPLICATION OF LORNOXICAM TO PATIENT-CONTROLLED ANALGESIA IN PATIENTS UNDERGOING ABDOMINAL SURGERIES

FOR anesthesiologis s ,treatingpostoperativepainhas alwaysbeen a problem.Althoughopioidshave been provedtobe effective,theirsideeffectscouldnotbeignored.With thedevelopmentofscienceand pharmacology,many drugs with aspectsof satisfactoryanalgesicefficacyand couldbe welltoleratedby patientshave been developed.And lornoxicamisone of them, which isa non-steroidalanti-inflammatorydrug (NSAID ), with analgesic, anti-infl-ammatory,andantipyreticproperties.Itseliminationhalf-time(3 to 5 hours) isle…     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.     

Scientific principles and rigorous processes should be followed in developing clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine

A clinical guideline for the therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine may be defined as a written document which states a series of recommendations on therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine for a special disease or condition. The guideline may provide assistance to medical professionals in making clinical decisions aimed at improving the clinical outcome of patients and reducing the costs of medical care（~＇4~. Recommendations issued by a guideline should be based on the best available evidence in both Western and Chinese medicine. For fulfilling this purpose, the development of clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions in the field of integrative medicine should follow scientific principles and undergo a rigorous processes.