胰岛素的作用

胰岛素是机体内唯一降低血糖的激素,也是唯一能促进人体营养物质（糖、蛋白质和脂肪）合成和储存的激素。胰岛素能作用的靶细胞有肝细胞、脂肪细胞、肌肉细胞、血细胞、肺及肾细胞和睾丸细胞等,但主要在肝脏、肌肉和脂肪组织。     

脑内胰岛素的生物学效应

众所周知,胰岛素能促进外周组织对葡萄糖的摄取和利用,加速糖元的合成,使血糖下降;同时还促进脂肪和蛋白质的合成,是促进机体合成代谢,维持血糖浓度稳态的主要激素.胰岛素与生长激素共同作用,能发挥明显的协同效应,对机体的生长发育有促进作用.另外,胰岛素还有促分裂和舒血管的作用.早期的研究认为,外周血液循环中的胰岛素难以通过血脑屏障,因此无中枢性作用.而脑组织对胰岛素也是不敏感的.近年来,随着生物化学技术的不断进步,大量实验依据证实以上观点是不正确的,胰岛素及其受体在中枢神经系统中广泛存在并介导脑中许多生物效应.临床资料也表明,胰岛素信号转导的改变与一些神经退行性疾病有关联.     

胰岛β细胞胰岛素分泌的调节及其机制

胰岛素是机体内促进合成代谢的蛋白质激素,它由51个氨基酸组成α、β两条肽链,通过两个二硫键连接在一起。主要作用是促进葡萄糖的氧化代谢和糖原生成,抑制糖异生,维持血糖浓度的恒定。调节胰岛素分泌的因素有很多,其中,葡萄糖、内分泌激素和细胞因子是较为重要的调节因素。机体能够整合这几大类调节因素的信号,使胰岛素的分泌量维持在     

缩合葡萄糖氯化钠注射液对术中血糖的影响

缩合葡萄糖氯化钠注射液能有效扩充血容量，快速提升血压，维持血流动力学稳定，明显改善机体血液流变学状态。其在围手术期的作用已被公认。缩合葡萄糖氯化钠注射液对肝功能、肾功能、血PH值和电解质的影响研究甚多，但其对血糖的影响报道较少。本研究拟观察缩合葡萄糖氯化钠注射液对择期妇科手术中血糖的影响。     

这些情况糖友不宜运动

正糖尿病是一组以高血糖为特征的代谢性疾病,高血糖则是由于胰岛素分泌缺陷或其生物作用受损,或两者兼有引起。会导致各种组织,特别是眼、肾、心脏、血管、神经的慢性损害、功能障碍。那生活中控糖都要注意些啥才能避免让血糖进一步恶化呢?一、8类药会升高血糖1.激素类药物包括糖皮质激素、避孕药、生长激素等可引起血糖升高。糖皮质激素可促进糖原异生、减慢葡萄糖的分解和减少机体对于葡萄糖的利用,     

小儿麻醉期间葡萄糖液的使用

小儿麻醉期间多种因素可导致血糖变化,无论血糖过低还是过高都会对机体产生危害,因而维持小儿血糖在正常水平有重要意义。但对于小儿麻醉期间是否应该使用葡萄糖液,以及如何合理使用葡萄糖的问题,一直存在着争议。研究显示,对术前禁食时间短、短小手术及身体状况好的患儿,可使用无糖液;对于新生儿、早产儿、禁食时间过长、手术时间较长及术前状况差的患儿,可使用低浓度葡萄糖液,并加强监测,使血糖稳定在正常范围。     

胰岛素的作用及临床分类

胰岛素的作用 胰岛素是机体内惟一可以降低血糖的激素,也是惟一同时促进糖原、脂肪、蛋白质合成的激素。作用机制属于受体酪氨酸激酶机制。     

糖皮质激素及瘦素与胰岛素抵抗的关系

正胰岛素抵抗(Insulin Resistance,IR)是指机体对一定量(一定浓度)胰岛素的生物效应降低,主要指机体胰岛素介导的葡萄糖摄取和代谢能力降低,包括胰岛素的敏感性和反应性下降。IR可发生于组织器官水平(骨骼肌、脂肪、肝脏和血管内皮),也可发生于亚细胞及分子水平(胰岛素受体前、受体及受体后)。糖皮质激素是重要的胰岛素拮抗激素,可通过抑制外     

甲状腺功能亢进合并糖尿病的处理

<正> 甲亢和糖尿病均为遗传和自身免疫性疾病,在人体中可同时出现,发生率约为3.2～3.8％。一、甲亢合并糖尿病的病因甲状腺激素分泌过多不仅促进机体能量代谢和生热,同时也加速了蛋白质、糖、脂肪以及电解质代谢,尤其表现在糖代谢方面,由于甲状腺激素的增加:(1) 增加机体周圈组织中葡萄糖的吸收,这样可在非糖肾病患者中造成食后血糖增高,糖耐量减退,甚至部分甲亢病人出现尿糖阳性;(2) 甲状腺激素能增强儿茶酚胺的活性,可使胰岛素的释放受到抑     

丹红注射液干预糖尿病性神经变性病变研究概述

糖尿病(DM)是一组以慢性血葡萄糖(简称血糖)水平增高为特征的疾病群。持续高血糖引起机体组织的代谢紊乱,引起多系统慢性损害,其中以心血管、周围神经系统的慢性并发症为主要表现。     

APPLICATION OF LORNOXICAM TO PATIENT-CONTROLLED ANALGESIA IN PATIENTS UNDERGOING ABDOMINAL SURGERIES

FOR anesthesiologis s ,treatingpostoperativepainhas alwaysbeen a problem.Althoughopioidshave been provedtobe effective,theirsideeffectscouldnotbeignored.With thedevelopmentofscienceand pharmacology,many drugs with aspectsof satisfactoryanalgesicefficacyand couldbe welltoleratedby patientshave been developed.And lornoxicamisone of them, which isa non-steroidalanti-inflammatorydrug (NSAID ), with analgesic, anti-infl-ammatory,andantipyreticproperties.Itseliminationhalf-time(3 to 5 hours) isle…     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

Development on Adjustable Calibration Marker for Shock Wave Focus

Shock wave lithotripsy （SWL） is a treatment of choice for upper urinary stones. However, this procedure is inappropriate for obese patients because the focus is often unable to reach the target owing to the limited focal distance in shock wave source. Although treating such patients in a blast path may increase the application length of shock wave source, it＇s difficult to find this path on the lithotripter monitor. For this reason, we invented an adjustable calibration marker in order to set an effective focus in the shock wave hath.     

Study on the TCM Pathogenesis of Angiopathic Complications of Type II Diabetes

Excess production of reactive oxygen species(ROS)of mitochondrion mediated by hyperglycemia is the common pathogenesis of angiopathic complications of diabetes.TCM holds that the damp from the dysfunction of spleen.kidney and liver is the causative factor of complications of diabetes.This is similar to the mechanism of Ros resulting in angiopathic complications of diabetes.When the angiopathic complications of type II diabetes mellitus(T2DM)are difierentiated as caused by turbid damp in TCM can be explained as ROS.Since the obstruction of pathogenic damp in channels and collaterals is said to be the main pathogenesis,the treating principle should be dissolving the damp to remove the obstruction.     

Leptin, Ghrelin and TNF-α before and after Hypo-caloric Traditional Chinese Diet and Auricular Acupuncture

INTRODUCTION Obesity is a complex emergent problem, which can be possibly solved not only by the diet but also by the life style and promotion of a constant physical exercise. 1, 2 No doubt careful attentions must be given to the nutritional condition of obese people, the dietary habits, the somatic build (i.e. distribution of fat mass) and the organic functions linked to formation of the fat mass. All the parameters should be constantly monitored before, during and after a diet treatment. 3, 4, 5     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

Relationship between Dysglycemia and Carotid Atherosclerosis in Tibetan Population

People with dysglycemia are at high risk for atherosclerotic diseases. This study aims at investigating the atherosclerotic vascular damage in dysglycemia and its metabolic origin in Tibetan population.     

Acupuncture Combined with Spinal Tui Na for Treatment of Primary Dysmenorrhea in 30 Cases

Objective: To observe the therapeutic effects in acupunture treatment of primary dysmenorrhea combined with spinal Tui Na, and study its mechanism. Methods: Thirty cases of the treatment group were treated by acupuncture combined with spinal Tui Na, and thirty cases in the control group were treated by routine acupuncture. Results: The total effective rate was 93.3% in the treatment group, and 73.3% in the control group, with a significant difference between the two groups (P<0.05). Conclusions: Acupuncture combined with spinal Tui Na has good prospects for treatment of primary dysmenorrhea.     

Luo Lingjie's Experience in Treating Chronic Nephropathy

In treating chronic nephropathy,Luo Lingjie,a chief physician,pays attention to regulating the balance between yin and yang,treating infection if present,and removing pathogenic factors.He prescribes gentle drugs and uses carefully strongly warming-tonifying ones,emphasizes the importance of persuading the patient to persist in treatment with medication and nurse one's health for recuperation,and is good at combined use of TCM and western medicine therapy and brings the merits of various therapies into full play,with obvious theraoeutic effects.