苦参碱自微乳化制剂的制备工艺研究

目的 制备苦参碱自微乳制剂,并对其进行质量评价。方法 通过溶解度试验、伪三元相图的研究,筛选出苦参碱自微乳最佳处方;在此基础上制备苦参碱自微乳制剂,建立HPLC法测定自微乳中苦参碱的方法;对自微乳的外观、形态、粒径及其分布、Zeta电位、载药量和稳定性进行考察。结果 苦参碱自微乳最佳处方为苦参碱-油酸-油酸乙酯-EL-40-异丙醇（0.5∶0.15∶0.15∶0.35∶0.35）;制备的苦参碱自微乳为澄明液体,流动性、稳定性好,遇水形成O/W型微乳,平均粒径（68.00±0.07）nm（n＝3）,平均载药量为42.689 mg/mL（n＝3）。结论 自微乳制剂制备工艺简单、性质稳定,为苦参碱自微乳制剂的进一步研究奠定基础。     

赤芍总苷自微乳化给药系统的研究

目的 制备赤芍总苷自微乳化给药系统（TGP-SMEDDS）,优选其最佳处方,并对其进行初步的质量评价。方法 采用伪三元相图法优化自微乳化处方,并对最佳处方进行粒径、乳滴形态、Zeta电位、表面张力、自乳化时间、溶出度及稳定性评价。结果 由油酸乙酯、Cremophor RH40和Transcutol P组成的TGP-SMEDDS遇水可自发形成粒径为（47.26±0.08）nm的稳定微乳液,透射电镜下观察TGP-SMEDDS形态为均匀的球形,Zeta电位为（?22.80±0.42）mV。结论 制备的TGP-SMEDDS外观及稳定性良好,为赤芍总苷新剂型的进一步研究奠定了基础。     

乙酰氧基胡椒酚乙酸酯亚微乳的制备及其性质考察

目的 制备乙酰氧基胡椒酚乙酸酯亚微乳剂并考察其性质。方法 采用高压微射法制备乙酰氧基胡椒酚乙酸酯亚微乳,优化处方和制备工艺,考察其粒径、电位、载药量和稳定性。结果 制备的乙酰氧基胡椒酚乙酸酯亚微乳粒径和Zeta电位分别为（175.03±4.28）nm和（?30.80±0.44）mV,载药量为877.3 μg/mL,在低温避光条件下保存稳定性良好。结论 制备的乙酰氧基胡椒酚乙酸酯亚微乳粒径小、含药量高,稳定性良好,为乙酰氧基胡椒酚乙酸酯的制剂研究提供参考。     

丹参酮ⅡA自微乳化给药系统的研究

目的: 优选丹参酮ⅡA自微乳化给药系统(丹参酮ⅡA-SMEDDS)的处方,并对其进行初步的质量评价。方法:以伪三元相图为指导考察药物与不同乳化剂、油相形成乳剂的能力和区域,绘制不同处方组成的相图,在此基础上优化处方组成,并对优化处方进行了自乳化时间、乳滴形态、粒径分布、ζ-电位、稳定性等方面的质量评价。结果:确定丹参酮ⅡA-SMEDDS的处方组成：油酸乙酯-Labrasol-PEG 400=10%∶45%∶45%,载药量2.25 mg/g。丹参酮ⅡA-SMEDDS在0.1 mol/L的稀盐酸溶液中自微乳化时间<1 min,粒径较小呈正态分布［平均粒径为(84.9±2.1) nm,n=3］,形态较圆整,稳定性良好,3批制剂的平均ζ-电位为(-24.0±1.15) mV(n=3)。结论:制备的丹参酮ⅡA—SMEDDS具备良好的自乳化性能,有望进一步制备质量稳定的丹参酮ⅡA自微乳化制剂。     

β-细辛醚微乳的制备及其性质考察

目的 制备β-细辛醚微乳，并对其性质进行考察。方法 根据β-细辛醚在各溶媒中的溶解度初步确定处方组成，通过绘制伪三元相图对处方进行优化；采用HPLC法测定微乳中β-细辛醚的质量分数；以外观、粒径及其分布、多分散指数（PI）、pH值、黏度和β-细辛醚的质量分数为指标考察所制备微乳的初步稳定性。结果 优化的处方组合为β-细辛醚-肉豆蔻酸异丙酯-聚氧乙烯蓖麻油-丙三醇的质量比为1∶2∶8∶2。制备的微乳澄清透明，有蓝色乳光，平均粒径为（18.2±0.2）nm，PI为0.222±0.005，pH值为6.50±0.01，10 000 r/min离心10 min后和高温灭菌后均无分层现象，平均载药量为（21.5±0.48）mg/mL。结论 所制备的微乳理化性质较稳定，符合鼻腔给药制剂的标准。     

去甲斑蝥素固体自微乳制备及稳定性考察

目的 制备去甲斑蝥素固体自微乳并对其稳定性进行考察。方法 以包封率和收率为考察指标,采用球晶制备技术,正交设计优化制备工艺,实现球晶技术一步固化去甲斑蝥素自微乳,并对去甲斑蝥素固体自微乳粒径大小、电位、自乳化速率、稳定性等进行考察。结果 去甲斑蝥素自微乳最佳处方的平均包封率和收率分别为77.39%和84.5%,粒径为22.76 nm,Zeta电位为-2.77 mV。自乳化速率在不同介质中相差不大,50 s内均可完成自乳化。稳定性实验显示,去甲斑蝥素自微乳的粒径大小、电位和包封率在60 ℃及强光照试验下无变化。结论 自制的去甲斑蝥素固体自微乳稳定可靠。     

葛根素自微乳给药系统的制备及其质量评价

目的 研究葛根素自微乳给药系统的处方工艺。方法 通过溶解度试验、油和表面活性剂配伍试验,以及伪三元相图的绘制,筛选葛根素自微乳的处方组成;通过粒径、载药量和自微乳化时间优化了葛根素自微乳处方;并对葛根素自微乳的理化性质和稳定性进行了考察。结果 葛根素自微乳处方中油相为中链甘油三酯（19.0%）、油酸（19.0%）,表面活性剂为聚山梨酯80（19.0%）、聚氧乙烯蓖麻油（19.0%）,助表面活性剂为1, 2-丙二醇（19.0%）,葛根素（5.0%）。自微乳化后粒径为（17.28±0.24）nm,自微乳化时间小于120 s;室温留样6个月,该自微乳性状、质量分数、粒径和自微乳化时间均无明显变化。结论 所制备的葛根素自微乳粒径小、稳定性好,符合良好自微乳制剂的要求。     

依托泊苷长循环亚微乳的制备和理化性质研究

目的 制备依托泊苷长循环亚微乳,并对其进行理化性质研究。方法 在依托泊苷亚微乳处方的基础上,通过考察乳粒表面固有水化层厚度与聚乙二醇2000–二硬脂酰磷脂酰乙醇胺（PEG 2000-DSPE）用量的关系,确定PEG 2000-DSPE用量,从而确定了依托泊苷长循环亚微乳的处方和制备工艺,并进行了理化性质研究。结果 依托泊苷长循环亚微乳的浓度为0.8 mg/mL,平均粒径为（185.4±5.7）nm,Zeta电位为（?51.6±0.8）mV,药物包封率为97.52%。结论 得到了包封率在95%以上的依托泊苷浓度为0.8 mg/mL的依托泊苷长循环亚微乳的处方和制备工艺。     

电导率法筛选陈皮油微乳处方

目的 筛选陈皮油微乳处方并考察其性质。方法 在37 ℃恒温水浴下,滴水法制备微乳,通过测量体系的电导率,确定相变临界点,绘制伪三元相图,筛选最优空白微乳处方,并制备陈皮油微乳。考察制剂形态、柠檬烯质量浓度、分散相形态及粒径、制剂稳定性等。结果 以油酸乙酯为油相、HEL-40为乳化剂、甘油为助乳化剂,以K_m值为2的空白微乳处方最佳。陈皮油微乳中柠檬烯为（3 208.67±123.62）mg/L,分散近似球形,平均粒径为（56.5±4.1）nm。结论 所制备的陈皮油微乳粒径小、分布均匀、性质稳定。     

星点设计-效应面法优化蒿甲醚自微乳释药系统

目的：研究蒿甲醚自微乳释药系统（SMEDDS）的制备优化及体外评价。方法通过溶解度实验、伪三元相图的绘制及星点设计-效应面法,以粒径、Zeta电位和平衡溶解度为指标,筛选最优处方,并对蒿甲醚自微乳的理化性质和体外释药进行评价。结果蒿甲醚自微乳最优处方为：Cremophor RH40为39.29%、Transcutol HP为35.71%、MCT为25%;其平均粒径为24.52 nm,Zeta电位为-10.10 mV,平衡溶解度＞88 mg/g。结论应用星点设计-效应面优化法得到蒿甲醚SMEDDS的最优处方,显著提高蒿甲醚的溶解度和体外溶出度。     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

APPLICATION OF LORNOXICAM TO PATIENT-CONTROLLED ANALGESIA IN PATIENTS UNDERGOING ABDOMINAL SURGERIES

FOR anesthesiologis s ,treatingpostoperativepainhas alwaysbeen a problem.Althoughopioidshave been provedtobe effective,theirsideeffectscouldnotbeignored.With thedevelopmentofscienceand pharmacology,many drugs with aspectsof satisfactoryanalgesicefficacyand couldbe welltoleratedby patientshave been developed.And lornoxicamisone of them, which isa non-steroidalanti-inflammatorydrug (NSAID ), with analgesic, anti-infl-ammatory,andantipyreticproperties.Itseliminationhalf-time(3 to 5 hours) isle…     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

Development on Adjustable Calibration Marker for Shock Wave Focus

Shock wave lithotripsy （SWL） is a treatment of choice for upper urinary stones. However, this procedure is inappropriate for obese patients because the focus is often unable to reach the target owing to the limited focal distance in shock wave source. Although treating such patients in a blast path may increase the application length of shock wave source, it＇s difficult to find this path on the lithotripter monitor. For this reason, we invented an adjustable calibration marker in order to set an effective focus in the shock wave hath.     

Study on the TCM Pathogenesis of Angiopathic Complications of Type II Diabetes

Excess production of reactive oxygen species(ROS)of mitochondrion mediated by hyperglycemia is the common pathogenesis of angiopathic complications of diabetes.TCM holds that the damp from the dysfunction of spleen.kidney and liver is the causative factor of complications of diabetes.This is similar to the mechanism of Ros resulting in angiopathic complications of diabetes.When the angiopathic complications of type II diabetes mellitus(T2DM)are difierentiated as caused by turbid damp in TCM can be explained as ROS.Since the obstruction of pathogenic damp in channels and collaterals is said to be the main pathogenesis,the treating principle should be dissolving the damp to remove the obstruction.     

Leptin, Ghrelin and TNF-α before and after Hypo-caloric Traditional Chinese Diet and Auricular Acupuncture

INTRODUCTION Obesity is a complex emergent problem, which can be possibly solved not only by the diet but also by the life style and promotion of a constant physical exercise. 1, 2 No doubt careful attentions must be given to the nutritional condition of obese people, the dietary habits, the somatic build (i.e. distribution of fat mass) and the organic functions linked to formation of the fat mass. All the parameters should be constantly monitored before, during and after a diet treatment. 3, 4, 5     

Relationship between Dysglycemia and Carotid Atherosclerosis in Tibetan Population

People with dysglycemia are at high risk for atherosclerotic diseases. This study aims at investigating the atherosclerotic vascular damage in dysglycemia and its metabolic origin in Tibetan population.     

Acupuncture Combined with Spinal Tui Na for Treatment of Primary Dysmenorrhea in 30 Cases

Objective: To observe the therapeutic effects in acupunture treatment of primary dysmenorrhea combined with spinal Tui Na, and study its mechanism. Methods: Thirty cases of the treatment group were treated by acupuncture combined with spinal Tui Na, and thirty cases in the control group were treated by routine acupuncture. Results: The total effective rate was 93.3% in the treatment group, and 73.3% in the control group, with a significant difference between the two groups (P<0.05). Conclusions: Acupuncture combined with spinal Tui Na has good prospects for treatment of primary dysmenorrhea.     

Luo Lingjie's Experience in Treating Chronic Nephropathy

In treating chronic nephropathy,Luo Lingjie,a chief physician,pays attention to regulating the balance between yin and yang,treating infection if present,and removing pathogenic factors.He prescribes gentle drugs and uses carefully strongly warming-tonifying ones,emphasizes the importance of persuading the patient to persist in treatment with medication and nurse one's health for recuperation,and is good at combined use of TCM and western medicine therapy and brings the merits of various therapies into full play,with obvious theraoeutic effects.