单枚腰椎间融合器附加椎弓根螺钉行后路腰椎椎体间融合术的生物力学评价

目的 :探讨腰椎椎体间后路植入单枚融合器及附加椎弓根螺钉固定后的生物力学稳定性。方法 :采用 6具小牛腰椎标本 ,依序进行不同处理后分为以下 6组 :(1 )正常组 ;(2 )左侧小关节突加椎间盘切除组 ;(3)腰椎左侧融合器植入组 (椎体后路斜向植入 ) ;(4 )腰椎左侧融合器植入附加对侧椎弓根螺钉固定组 ;(5 )腰椎左侧融合器植入附加同侧椎弓根螺钉固定组 ;(6 )腰椎左侧融合器植入附加双侧椎弓根螺钉固定组。用实验应力分析方法 ,对单枚腰椎融合器植入附加椎弓根螺钉固定行后路腰椎椎体间融合术后 ,腰椎的即刻生物力学指标进行测定 ,并进行比较。 结果 :腰椎椎间盘摘除与小关节突切除后 ,其平均应力强度和轴向刚度均较正常标本显著下降 (P<0 .0 5 ) ;采用单枚融合器斜向植入椎间后 ,腰椎的平均应力强度和轴向刚度均较损伤标本 (椎间盘摘除与小关节突切除 )显著提高 (P<0 .0 5 ) ,但仍低于正常标本 (P<0 .0 5 ) ;采用椎间融合器植入附加同侧、对侧或双侧椎弓根螺钉内固定后 ,腰椎的平均应力强度和轴向刚度均较损伤标本和正常标本显著提高 (P<0 .0 5 )。结论 :斜向植入单枚腰椎间融合器行腰椎椎体间融合术 ,再附加椎弓根螺钉内固定 ,其生物力学性能优良 ,强度和刚度适中 ,腰椎能得到可靠的稳定性     

单枚椎间融合器联合椎弓根螺钉治疗峡部裂型腰椎滑脱的效果观察

目的探讨单枚椎间融合器与椎弓根螺钉联合在峡部裂型腰椎滑脱（ISS）患者中的应用效果。方法 64例ISS患者随机分为观察组与对照组每组32例,观察组给予单枚椎间融合器联合椎弓根螺钉治疗,对照组给予双枚椎间融合器联合椎弓根螺钉治疗,对比两组治疗效果。结果两组患者临床效果、手术前后椎间隙变化、腰椎前凸弧度变化等方面对比均无差异（P〉0.05）,且植骨均达愈合标准;但观察组患者手术时间显著短于对照组（P〈0.01）,术中出血量显著少于对照组（P〈0.01）。结论单枚或双枚椎间融合器联合椎弓根螺钉治疗ISS均可获得较好效果,但单枚椎间融合器联合椎弓根螺钉手术患者创伤较小,值得临床推广应用。     

单枚椎间融合器加椎弓根螺钉治疗峡部裂型腰椎滑脱

目的探讨腰椎管减压,单枚椎间融合器后路置入,椎弓根螺钉内固定术治疗峡部裂型腰椎滑脱的临床疗效。方法对14例Ⅱ～Ⅲ度峡部裂型腰椎滑脱的患者行经后路椎管减压,椎体间置入自体骨及斜向置入单枚融合器,椎弓根螺钉内固定术。结果14例患者均在8～20个月,平均12个月随访。所有患者术后8—12个月均获得骨性融合,其中1例术后1年发生椎弓根螺钉断钉,但椎体间骨块融合。结论腰椎管减压,单枚椎间融合器后路斜向置入椎间植骨,椎弓根镙钉内固定术可达到减轻术前症状,提供术后腰椎即刻稳定,远期达到腰椎椎体间骨性融合是治疗峡部裂型腰椎滑脱的有效方法。     

单节段腰椎退变不稳并椎管狭窄的手术治疗

目的 应用腰椎侧后方斜向单枚BAK椎间融合器椎间融合及小关节螺钉固定术治疗单节段腰椎退变不稳并椎管狭窄,了解该治疗方法的早、中期治疗效果。方法 采用后路腰椎侧后方彻底减压神经根管,由侧后方斜向植入单枚BAK椎间椎骨融合器后,经棘突根部向对侧未减压的小关节植入一枚小关节螺钉固定。结果 全部病人随访6个月以上(6～15月)。随访中X线片示内植物位置良好,节段生理弯曲好。结论 此疗法能尽可能的保留脊柱后部结构,在充分减压的前提下,保持脊柱的稳定性,同时进行植骨融合。对病人早、中期随访疗效肯定。     

后路单枚和双枚椎间融合器加椎弓根螺钉治疗慢性腰椎滑脱症的疗效对比

目的 比较单枚和双枚椎间融合器(Cage)联合椎弓根螺钉手术对慢性腰椎滑脱症的临床疗效.方法 选取2010-03～2012-03间本院收治的慢性腰椎滑脱患者115例,其中56例置入单枚Cage,59例置入双枚Cage.分别记录两个手术组术前、术后2周及末次随访时的影像学观察指标和JOA评分.结果 对比两组术前、术后影像学观察指标和JOA评分,结果表明,单、双枚Cage都可取得良好的疗效,且两者的预后无统计学差异(P＞0.05).结论 对于轻、中度慢性腰椎滑脱的患者,单枚Cage或双枚Cage的临床疗效并无差异.     

侧后方斜向植入单枚BAK的腰椎椎体间融合术:临床初步报告

目的：设计侧后方斜向植入单枚多孔螺纹状椎间融合器（ＢＡＫ）行后路腰椎体间融合术的术式,观察该方法治疗２０例下腰痛患者的初步临床疗效。方法：对２０例严重下腰痛（１８例伴下肢神经症状）的患者,采用本研究设计的术式共融合２８例椎间隙（Ｌ４－５间隙１６个,Ｌ５－Ｓ１间隙１２个）,其中４例行２个椎节融合术的患者附加行Ｓｔｅｆｆｅｅ钢板内固定术。结果：本组平均随访１２．５个月,除１例外,皆达到临床融合,均无融     

腰椎短节段固定与椎间融合治疗腰椎不稳

目的：探讨使用腰椎椎间螺纹融合器联合腰椎短节段固定，行后路下腰椎椎体间融合术治疗腰椎不稳的方法。方法：对28例腰椎不稳症患者使用Sofamor Danek公司直径为12、14、16mm的柱形椎间螺纹融合器行腰椎椎间融合，其中27例联合应用短节段椎弓根螺钉系统固定。根据不同病情分别给予滑移矫正或(和)椎间隙撑开。结果：28例29个间隙应用腰椎椎间螺纹融合器行下腰椎椎间融合。手术中为安全置入椎间融合器需要切除部分或全部椎间小关节，切除的范围在30％左右。术后X线透视可见椎间隙形态恢复正常。28例患者得到随访，26例满意或基本满意。结论：应用腰椎椎间螺纹融合器行下腰椎椎间融合时，需要部分或全部切除椎间小关节，以得到足够空间置入适当直径的腰椎椎间螺纹融合器。同时采用短节段椎弓根螺钉系统固定，可重建病变椎间隙，矫正脊柱结构并恢复脊柱强度。     

腰椎间盘突出症翻修术中单、双枚椎间融合器的应用效果

目的:比较腰椎间盘突出症翻修术中椎弓根螺钉内固定并单枚椎间融合器(Cage)加周围松质骨植入与双枚Cage植入椎间融合术的应用效果。方法:15例接受腰椎间盘突出症翻修术的患者根据病变节段椎体横径大小,分别采用单枚Cage加周围松质骨植入(A组,n=7)和双枚Cage植入(B组,n=8)。术后随访6个月～2a,评估术前、术后3d及24周时患者的腰椎椎间隙高度、腰椎融合率,并进行下腰疼JOA评分。结果:2组L4/L5、L5/S1腰椎间隙高度和下腰疼JOA评分差异均无统计学意义(F组间分别为1.615、3.040和3.059,P均>0.05),但均较术前明显改善(F时间=7.567、5.639和255.498,P均<0.05),2组融合率均为100%。结论:腰椎间盘突出症翻修术中椎弓根螺钉内固定并单枚Cage加周围松质骨植入与双枚Cage植入的效果无显著差异。     

RF-Ⅱ复位固定加cage椎间融合治疗腰椎滑脱症的探讨

目的:应用RF-椎弓根系统复位固定、后路全椎板减压加斜向植入单枚螺纹状cage的椎间融合术治疗腰椎滑脱症。方法:对49例腰椎滑脱症病人,采用全椎板减压、RF-脊柱内固定系统复位固定,并以后路单枚椎间融合器后斜向植入技术进行治疗。术后随访观察临床症状和体征,定期摄X线片,并与术前比较。结果:术后随访时间为4～36mo,平均20mo,9例°滑脱和28例°滑脱完全复位,12例°滑脱复位达100%。滑脱椎体均获得骨性融合。37例腰腿疼症状体征消失,11例基本消失,1例无改善,优良率为97.9%。术后无内固定物松动、断裂、椎间融合器下沉等并发症。结论:RF-椎弓根系统和单枚螺纹状cage在治疗腰椎滑脱症中具有协同作用。增强腰椎固定后的稳定性,并能保证可靠的融合,提高了椎间的融合率,是治疗腰椎滑脱症的理想术式。     

椎弓根螺钉系统联合单双枚方柱型Cage在PLIF手术治疗峡部裂性腰椎滑脱症中的应用

目的:应用单、双枚方柱型椎间融合器(Cage)联合椎弓根内固定系统治疗峡部裂性腰椎滑脱症,探讨椎弓根螺钉系统联合一枚方柱形Cage在PLIF手术治疗ISS的可行性。方法:48例ISS患者施行PLIF手术,均行后路短节段椎弓根钉系统复位与内固定,实施单枚Cage椎体间植骨28例,双枚Cage椎体间植骨20例。分别统计两组患者的手术时间、术中出血量;对比患者症状改善率评价治疗效果,判断植骨融合时间及融合率。结果:单枚Cage植入组较双枚Cage植入组手术时间短,出血少,治疗费用低,两组症状改善率无统计学意义,融合率二组病例之间无统计学意义,两组融合率均为100%。结论:单枚方柱型Cage行椎间融合联合椎弓根内固定系统行PLIF手术具有手术时间短、出血量少,创伤小,花费少等优点,值得临床推广。     

Biomechanange ical chof lumbar unilateral graded facetectomy and strategies of its microsurgical reconstruction: report of 23 cases

Objective: To evaluate the lumbar stability and the primary clinical results of unilateral facetectomy, transforaminal lumbar interbody fusion (TLIF) and unilateral pedicle screw fixation by X-Tube system. Methods: Five human lumbar cadaveric functional spine units(FSU) were obtained and graded facetectomy by 0, 1/4, 1/2, 3/4 and 4/4 were performed respectively on the left articular process of them. The stability of these 5 models was evaluated at flexion, extension, lateral bending and axial rotation. After a serial of biomechanical researches, 23 patients from June 2004 to March 2006 in our department underwent unilateral facetectomy, transforaminal lumbar interbody fusion (posterior lumbar interbody fusion) and unilateral pedicle screw instrumentation by X-Tube system. After general anaesthesia, with the guide of fluoroscopy and using X-Tube system, procedures of unilateral endoscopic faceteetomy, spinal nerve root decompression, autologus spongy bone transplantation, one cage oblique insertion and unilateral pedicle screw instrumentation were performed. Results: There was no significant difference in flexion, extension, lateral bending and axial rotation of lumbar motion range after unilateral graded facetectomy. The stability of left/right axial direction was greatly affected when the range of graded facetectomy exceed 1/2. According to the Nakai criteria, for the 23 patients, the clinical result was excellent in 15 (65.2%), good in 6 (26.1%) and fair in 2 (8.7%). The fusion rate was 95.6% in excellent and good cases. Although partial absorption of bone grafts was observed in 1 case which might indicate a unsuccessful fusion, there was no loosing and replacement of instrument and no clinical symptoms occurred. Conclusion: The lumbar stability will be affected significantly when the range of graded facetectomy exceeds 1/2. Procedures of unilateral facetectomy, transforaminal lumbar interbody fusion and unilateral pedicle screw fixation is an optional strategy for microsurgical reconstruction, though the indications of the procedure should be carefully restricted.     

Biomechanical change of lumbar unilateral graded facetectomy and strategies of its microsurgical reconstruction report of 23 cases

Objective： To evaluate the lumbar stability and the primary clinical results of unilateral facetectomy, transforaminal lumbar interbody fusion （TLIF） and unilateral pedicle screw fixation by X-Tube system. Methods： Five human lumbar cadaveric functional spine units（FSU） were obtained and graded facetectomy by 0, 1/4, 1/2, 3/4 and 4/4 were performed respectively on the left articular process of them. The stability of these 5 models was evaluated at flexion, extension, lateral bending and axial rotation. After a serial of biomechanical researches, 23 patients from June 2004 to March 2006 in our department underwent unilateral facetectomy, transforaminal lumbar interbody fusion （posterior lumbar interbody fusion） and unilateral pedicle screw instrumentation by X-Tube system. After general anaesthesia, with the guide of fluoroscopy and using X-Tube system, procedures of unilateral endoscopic facetectomy, spinal nerve root decompression, autologus spongy bone transplantation, one cage oblique insertion and unilateral pedicle screw instrumentation were performed. Results： There was no significant difference in flexion, extension, lateral bending and axial rotation of lumbar motion range after unilateral graded facetectomy. The stability of left/right axial direction was greatly affected when the range of graded facetectomy exceed 1/2. According to the Nakai criteria, for the 23 patients, the clinical result was excellent in 15 （65.2%）, good in 6 （26.1%） and fair in 2 （8.7%）. The fusion rate was 95.6% in excellent and good cases. Although partial absorption of bone grafts was observed in 1 case which might indicate a unsuccessful fusion, there was no loosing and replacement of instrument and no clinical symptoms occurred. Conclusion： The lumbar stability will be affected significantly when the range of graded facetectomy exceeds 1/2. Procedures of unilateral facetectomy, transforaminal lumbar interbody fusion and unilateral pedicle screw fixation is an optional strategy for microsurgi     

Complications associated with posterior lumbar interbody fusion using Bagby and Kuslich method for treatment of spondylolisthesis

Objective To analyze complications associated with posterior lumbar interbody fusion(PLIF)in which two Bagby and Kuslich(BAK)interbody fusion cages were implanted.Methods A total of 118 patients with spondylolytic spondylolisthesis underwent single-level PLIF using two BAK cages filled with morselized autogenous bone.The major clinical and ragiographic complications were analyzed after a follow-up with an average time of 2 years and 9 months.Results Complications were divided into intraoperative and postoperative complications.Intraoperative complications mainly included dural tear(4 patients,3.4?,nerve root injury(3 patients,2.5?and suboptimal cage position(9 patients,7.5?.No death was caused by the operation.Postoperative complications chiefly consisted of cage retropulsion(3 patients,2.5?,cage subsidence(4 patients,3.4?,and postlaminectomy arachnoiditis(2 patients,1.7?,Pseudarthrosis was noted radiographically with evidence of motion between adjacent vertebra on lateral flexion-extension films and luciencies around the cages(2 patient,1.7?.continuous posterior cage migration(2 patients,1.7?or continuous cage subsidence(2 patients,1.7?.Two patients died,one from a traffic accident and the other from metastatic cancer 1 year postoperatively.Conclusions The results of this study indicate that PLIF with BAK cages is and effective but also technically difficult procedure.The relatively high incidence of complications reminds us of the importance of surgical indications and proper manipulations.     

两种融合方式治疗腰椎滑脱的比较

目的对比研究后外侧融合与后路椎间融合治疗Ⅰ～Ⅱ度腰椎滑脱的疗效。方法57例采取植骨融合附加椎弓根内固定的手术方法,29例采用后外侧融合,其余采用椎间融合,比较两种植骨方式术后植骨融合率和临床症状改善情况。结果临床优良率分别为83.82%、86.37%,两者无显著性差异(P>0.05);骨融合率分别为75.76%、90.7%,两者有显著性差异(P<0.05)。结论后外侧融合与椎间融合治疗Ⅰ～Ⅱ度腰椎滑脱的疗效相似,后外侧更容易出现断钉的现象,椎间植骨融合优于后外侧融合。     

单纯PLIF与PLIF联合PLF治疗腰椎退行眭疾病的临床效果对比研究

目的对比研究单纯后路椎体间融合术与后路椎体间融合联合后外侧融合术治疗腰椎退行性疾病的疗效。方法选择我院2011年2月～2013年1月收治的腰椎退行性疾病患者100例,其中行单纯后路椎体问融合术47例患者,行后路椎体间融合联合后外侧融合术53例患者。回顾两组患者的病历资料,并比较两组术后的临床效果及影像学表现。并记录术中出血量、术后切口疼痛程度、术后48h内引流量及并发症发生情况。结果100例患者均获得随访。两组术中手术时间、出血量、并发症发生率、住院天数等进行比较,差异无统计学意义（P〉0．05）;术后3d切口疼痛VAS评分、48h内伤口引流量,两组比较差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）。两组腰椎前凸角、融合节段前凸角、临床疗效、融合率差异无统计学意义（P〉0．05）。结论联用或不联用PLF对椎弓根内固定下PLIF治疗腰椎退行性疾病的短期临床疗效、融合率无明显影响,且椎问融合联合后外侧融合增加住院时间。     

56例退行性腰椎滑脱后路手术临床研究

目的探讨后路手术治疗退行性腰椎滑脱的临床效果,为临床治疗提供参考依据。方法选取本院2009年2月～2012年10月收治的56例退行性腰椎滑脱患者,分为观察组与对照组各28例。观察组行后路腰椎管减压内固定并后外侧植骨术,对照组行椎体间联合后外侧植骨融合术。对两组患者的手术情况、手术效果以及骨愈合率进行比较分析。结果观察组平均手术时间、平均术中出血量为（127．4±18．2）min、（517．5±101．3）mL．均低于对照组（P〈0．05）;观察组优良率为92．86％（26／28）,对照组为89．29％（25／28）,差异无统计学意义（P〉0．05）;观察组融合率为92．86％（26／28）,对照组为96．43％（27／28）,差异无统计学意义（P〉0．05）。结论后路腰椎管减压内固定并后外侧植骨术与椎体间联合后外侧植骨术近期疗效及骨融合率均基本接近,但采用椎体间联合后外侧植骨术的患者平均手术时间较短,平均术中出血量较少,且融合率要高于后路腰椎管减压内固定并后外侧植骨术组患者。     

采用动态固定系统行腰椎后路椎间融合术后腰椎即刻稳定性研究

目的:研究采用腰椎动态固定系统行PLIF术的术后即刻稳定性,为临床应用提供生物力学依据。方法:采用10具新鲜小牛脊柱标本,分别于正常完整状态、L5S1滑脱的腰椎失稳模型、L5S1滑脱使用动态固定系统行PLIF内固定下测试各组的生物力学特性。结果:经采用动态固定系统行PLIF内固定后,在轴向压缩、前屈、后伸、侧弯工况下,内固定组的平均轴向刚度、水平剪切刚度、扭转强度和扭转刚度都较正常组和滑脱组增加。其数值和正常组间无明显差异(P>0.05),与滑脱组数值间具有明显差异(P<0.05)。结论:采用动态固定系统行PLIF内固定后,在轴向压缩、前屈、后伸、侧弯工况下,腰椎的轴向刚度、水平剪切刚度、扭转强度和扭转刚度较滑脱时明显提高,能够达到或超过腰椎生理正常状态,满足对手术固定后即刻稳定性的需要。     

后路腰椎融合术在成人腰椎滑脱中的临床研究

目的:比较腰椎后路椎间植骨和后外侧植骨两种植骨方式在成人腰椎滑脱中的骨融合率和临床疗效.方珐:对100例腰椎滑脱患者根据病情分别采取后路腰椎椎间植骨内固定(56例)和后外侧植骨融合内固定(44例)两种植骨方式.对比分析两组患者的临床资料,比较两种植骨方式的骨融合率、临床疗效、手术时间及出血量.结果:后路椎间植骨的手术时...