知识经济语境下医院管理现代化的路径

知识经济时代,传统的医院管理理念和医院管理模式必将重塑,医院管理理念必须人本化、柔性化、和谐化;医院管理方式必须人性化、现代化、知识化;医院管理结构必须弹性化、网络化、扁平化.     

浅议医院行政管理效率

提高医院行政效率必须从人员管理和制度管理两个方面入手,改变传统的管理办法,建立科学的管理机制。通过明确行政管理在医院管理中的地位、作用,提高医院行政管理效率。     

医院内不同群体的知识管理战略选择——基于医院文化的视角

医院文化是知识管理战略实施的前置变量,知识管理的战略选择必须根据相应的医院文化类型。由于医院不同人群的文化特点不同,所以在医院实施知识管理应针对不同人群的特点实施不同的策略。知识管理战略可以改变医院文化的特性,是医院文化提高核心竞争力的中间变量。提高医院的核心竞争力必须协同医院文化与知识管理战略,两者不可偏废。     

预算管理在医院财务工作中的运用

医院财务管理是医院经济工作的核心,是医院管理的重要组成部分,在医院管理中的地位和作用也越来越重要,为了保证医院的经济健康蓬勃发展,必须建立适应现代医院管理的财务管理。现就做好内部财务预算、加强投资决策管理、加强成本管理等方面进行探讨。     

声音

“医院院长必须明确自己的职责,妥善处理医院改革与医院发展,医院改革与医院管理的关系。”——日前,中华医院管理学会会长曹荣桂就我国医院管理现状提出:医院改革是院长的主要职责之一,应该持续抓好。与此同时,院长必须集中精力抓好医疗质量和医疗安全,必须强化医院科学管理,提高医院整体绩效。这是医院生存和发展的关键。目前,绝大多数公立医院的院长只是医院的经营管理者,公立医     

基层医院医院感染管理现状及监控对策

目的 加强基层医院医院感染管理,预防和控制医院感染的发生.方法 对基层医院感染管理现状进行调查和分析.结果 基层医院感染管理,必须领导重视,组织完善,制度健全,措施得力,干预和管理得当,医院感染控制才有保障.结论 预防和控制医院感染,必须实行规范化管理.     

新时期医院人力资源管理创新

人力资源管理是现代管理科学中的一个重要环节,现代医院之间的竞争,归根到底是医院人力资源优劣的竞争.医疗市场的竞争迫使医院必须重视人力资源管理领域的变革,并且根据医院的发展不断地进行人力资源管理创新与开发,使得人力资源管理真正成为医院发展的"驱动器"和"润滑剂".为加强医院的人力资源管理,提升医院管理的水平,使其管理实现向现代人力资源管理的转变,笔者认为医院必须在以下几个方面进行不断的创新和开发.     

医院成本核算是医院发展的重要环节

随着社会主义市场经济体制的建立和发展,在医疗市场竞争的日趋激烈的环境下,医院必须建立一套科学合理、行之有效的经济管理模式。这是医院管理在市场经济大潮中必须面对的问题。为了增强医院活力,我院从经济核算管理过渡到成本核算管理,制订了院科两级分配方案,实现了医院两个效益双丰收。     

探讨新形势下医院人力资源管理

当前新形势下,医院如何谋求更好更快的发展,是每个医院在运营发展过程中必须要慎重思考的一个重要问题。人力资源管理作为医院日常管理工作的一项重要内容,也必须始终为医院的整体发展战略服务,针对自身管理工作中存在的问题采取科学合理的优化措施。医院必须针对当前存在的管理体制问题、管理能力问题、管理制度问题等进行全面分析,建立正确的医院人力资源管理工作理念、制订合理的改革方案,优化人力资源管理部门,坚持并不断完善医院人力资源管理部门的职能、发挥人力资源管理部门在医院工作及发展中的作用,进一步提升其工作标准,确保医院人力资源管理工作的质量和效果,为医院的发展提供有力的支撑。基于此,本文针对医院人力资源管理工作中的常见问题进行分析总结,同时以此为据针对新形势下医院人力资源管理工作的优化措施进行探讨。     

新暑期医院人力资源管理创新

人力资源管理是现代管理科学中的一个重要环节，现代医院之间的竞争，归根到底是医院人力资源优劣的竞争。医疗市场的竞争迫使医院必须重视人力资源管理领域的变革，并且根据医院的发展不断地进行人力资源管理创新与开发，使得人力资源管理真正成为医院发展的“驱动器”和“润滑剂”。为加强医院的人力资源管理，提升医院管理的水平，使其管理实现向现代人力资源管理的转变，笔者认为医院必须在以下几个方面进行不断的创新和开发。     

Calcium intake in the elderly: validation of a dietary questionnaire

Epidemiological studies of calcium and osteoporosis have been hampered by the lack of a suitable tool for assessing calcium intake. This report describes a new frequency and amount questionnaire for measuring present and past calcium intake in the elderly. The validity of the questionnaire was tested against two commonly used standards of dietary assessment, five-day duplicate diets and seven-day weighed dietary inventories. The resulting correlation coefficients were, respectively, r = 0.76 and r = 0.69, while that for repeatability was r = 0.84. Furthermore, the questionnaire categorized subjects into thirds of the distribution of intake with almost no gross misclassification. It is suggested that the present findings may be extended to the majority of normal, healthy elderly subjects, implying wide application for the questionnaire in the assessment of calcium intake in the elderly.     

The human drama of genetics: 'hard' and 'soft' media representations of inherited breast cancer

This paper examines media coverage of 'breast cancer genetics', and explores its implications for public understanding. We present a content analysis of coverage in British newspapers and look at a variety of popular forms, including women's magazines, television soap opera and radio drama. Genetic/inherited risk receives a great deal of coverage across a wide range of media formats and outlets. Much of this attention has focused on individuals from 'high risk families' and dilemmas around prophylactic mastectomies. Through examining media coverage, combined with interviews with media personnel and their sources, we show why this story proved so attractive to the media and highlight the different production values which influence coverage. Finally, we introduce preliminary findings from focus group discussions to demonstrate how such 'human interest' framing has engaged audience attention and influenced public understandings. The paper concludes by highlighting the implications for analysing, predicting, and engaging with, media representations of science.     

Self-reported health problems among Swedish miners one year after unemployment

Unemployment is considered to be a public health concern sincedeterioration in the health of the unemployed is often anticipated.However, for some groups, such as miners, unemployment mightimprove health due to a cessation of potentially harmful occupationalexposures. This study evaluates the health of 79 miners in oneSwedish iron-ore mine, and 226 age-matched controls from thegeneral population, during one year after the closure of themine. The participants received a questionnaire regarding medicalhistory and subjective symptoms at the beginning of the studyperiod, and after one year. Statistically significant negativeeffects on self-reported health attributable to unemploymentwere not found, although neuropsychiatric symptoms were morecommon among the unemployed miners. The miners reported a statisticallysignificant improvement in grip force (p=0.031). They had asignificantly higher prevalence of symptoms associated withmining related exposures when compared with the population controls;pain in the upper extremities [relative risk (RR)=2.27, 95%confidence interval (Cl)=1.44–3.59), back pain (RR=1.84;Cl=1.237–2.75), vasospastic disease of the fingers (RR=2.05;Cl=1.18–3.57) and obstructive respiratory symptoms (attacksof dyspnea and wheezing: RR=3.67; Cl=1.167–11.6).     

Excès de cas humains et animaux de tularémie en France au cours de l’hiver 2007–2008 : émergence ou phénomène isolé ?

Context

Tularemia is a zoonosis affecting humans and hares in France. We describe the results of surveillance in both species, in 2007 and 2008.

Methods

Human tularemia cases are mandatorily notifiable in France since 2003. In hares, surveillance relies on volunteer hunter associations in all districts of the country. Data from mandatory reports and volunteer surveillance in 2007/2008 were analyzed and compared with previous results.

Results

In 2007/2008, 144 cases were reported in humans and 117 cases in hares. This was a 100% increase compared to previous years. Human cases differed from those of previous years only by the frequency of contact with breeding animals. Human cases without any documented risk exposure were also more frequent.

Conclusion

An increase of tularemia cases occurred in 2007/2008 in both species. Complementary studies are needed to identify the species reservoir in France to understand the causes of this peak of cases.     

深圳公立医院管理体制改革制度设计

深圳公立医院管理体制改革实行政事分开、管办分开,在理事会架构下按法定机构模式组建市医管中心,落实公立医院运营管理自主权.作者从当前公立医院管理体制的弊端入手,介绍了深圳市进行公立医院管理体制改革的基本思路及改革方案设计的主要举措,深入剖析了的改革方案的特点,并对改革效果进行了预测.     

Effects of nitrogen dioxide on red blood cells of rats: Changes in components of red cell membranes during in vivo exposure to NO2

Red cell membranes, prepared from red blood cells of rats exposed to 4, 10, or 20 ppm nitrogen dioxide (NO₂) for 1 to 10 days, were examined for evidence of changes in membrane components. Appreciable changes were not found in contents of phospholipid and cholesterol during exposure to 10 ppm NO₂. By contrast, protein content altered with the time of exposure. Moreover, changes in protein composition were observed by employing sodium dodecyl sulfate — polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Twenty-four-hour exposure to NO₂ at the concentration above 10 ppm resulted in a marked increase in the percentage of lysophosphatidylethanolamine (LysoPE) to the total phospholipids. The prolonged exposure to 10 ppm NO₂ gave rise to a further increase in LysoPE, whereas the percentage of phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) showed a gradual decrease. A 1-day exposure to 4.0 ppm NO₂ also caused an increase in sialic acid content and decreases in those of PE and hexose. In addition to contents of these components the percentage of LysoPE increased 5 days after exposure and the elevated values were maintained up to the end of exposure period. These results demonstrate that red blood cells in circulation exhibit different membrane properties in terms of lipid and carbohydrate composition during 10 days of exposure to 4.0 ppm NO₂.     

Occupational health hazards in mining: an overview

This review article outlines the physical, chemical, biological, ergonomic and psychosocial occupational health hazards of mining and associated metallurgical processes. Mining remains an important industrial sector in many parts of the world and although substantial progress has been made in the control of occupational health hazards, there remains room for further risk reduction. This applies particularly to traumatic injury hazards, ergonomic hazards and noise. Vigilance is also required to ensure exposures to coal dust and crystalline silica remain effectively controlled.     

Manufacture and use of nanomaterials: current status in the UK and global trends

This paper provides an overview of the production and use of nanomaterials (NMs), particularly in the UK. Currently, relatively few companies in the UK are identifiable as NM manufacturers, the main emphasis being the bulk markets in metals and metal oxides, and some niche markets such as carbon nanotubes and quantum dots. NM manufacturing in the UK does not reflect the global emphasis on fullerenes, nanotubes and fibres. Some assumptions have been made about the types of NM that are likely to be imported into the UK, which currently include fullerenes, modified fullerenes and other carbon-based NMs including nanotubes. Many university departments, spin-offs and private companies have developed processes for the manufacture of NMs but may only be producing small quantities for research and development (R&D) purposes. However, some have the potential to scale up to produce large quantities. The nanotechnology industry in the UK has strong R&D backup from universities and related institutions. This review has covered R&D trends at such institutions, and appropriate information has been added to a searchable database. While several companies are including NMs in their products, only a few (e.g. manufacturers of paints, coatings, cosmetics, catalysts, polymer composites) are using nanoparticles (NPs) in any significant quantities. However, this situation is likely to change rapidly. There is a need to collect more information about exposure to NPs in both manufacturing and user scenarios. As the market grows, and as manufacturers switch from the micro- to the nanoscale, the potential for exposure will increase. More research is required to quantify any risks to workers and consumers.     

The risk of heat exhaustion at a deep underground metalliferous mine in relation to surface temperatures

The risk of heat exhaustion at a deep underground metalliferous mine was assessed in relation to thermal conditions prevailing on the surface. For each day of a 1-year prospective case series of heat exhaustion, surface 24-h mean wet and dry bulb temperatures were recorded. From this data, 24-h mean wet bulb globe temperatures were derived using certain assumptions. The three surface temperature variables were significantly higher on those days on which heat exhaustion occurred, compared to those days on which it did not occur (P < 0.001). The relative risk of heat exhaustion on days when the 24-h mean wet bulb globe temperature was in the range 26.0-28.0 degrees C was 4.82 (95% confidence interval 2.12-10.96). Surface temperature data could be used at this mine to warn miners about the risk of heat exhaustion.