原位杂交在诊断小儿乙肝相关性肾炎的意义

目的 :探讨ISH在诊断HBV -GN的意义及不同病理形态的HBV -DNA的分布部位 ,数量及分布状况与病理类型的关系。方法 :分别采用免疫荧光法 ,聚合酶链式反应 (PCR) ,原位杂交 (ISH)法检测肾组织中HBV标志物的存在状况。结果 :在 4 2例患儿中 ,通过检测患儿肾组织中HBV -Ag ,诊断 2 1例为HBV -GN ;PCR法检测的HBV标志物阳性率最高 ,为 6 0 .0 % ,ISH法次之 ,为 4 5 .2 4 % ;HBV -DNA在不同病理形态中 ,不同部位的阳性细胞率各不相同 ,在膜性肾病中 ,上皮细胞的阳性率明显高于其它病理类型 (P <0 .0 5 )。而膜增殖性肾炎主要分布在内皮与系膜区细胞中 ;在我们的研究中发现 :单纯应用免疫荧光法明确HBV -GN的诊断 ,对膜性HBV -GN的漏诊率较高 ;而对膜增生性HBV -GN的误诊率太高。结论 :应用原位杂交法检测肾组织中HBV -DNA的存在状况对HBV -GM的确诊有重要意义 ;应用原位杂交法检测肾组织中HBV -DNA的分布部分对明确病理类型有重要的诊断价值 ;应用原位杂交法检测肾组织中HBV -DNA的分布部位及存在状况对探讨HBV -GN的发病机制有重要意义。     

CHANGES IN CHOLELITHIASIS IN TIANJIN IN THE PAST 30 YEARS

This paper traces, the changes in cholelithia- sis in Tianjin during the past 30 years, these changes in cha.racteristics of gallstone ma.y be attributed to the decrease of biliary asca.ria.sis and changes iri diet. Living standards and health knowledge may also cause differenc.es, in stones of urban and rural patients and in those found in patients engaged in mental or physica.l labor.     

ADVANCES IN VASCULAR SURGERY IN CHINA

This article presents some main advances in the management of arterial and venous diseases during the recent 35 years. In the treatment of arterial diseases, the manufacture and application of pure silk and dacron prosthesis in the late fifties has enlarged the scope of surgery for aneurysms. Even resections of huge complicated thoracoabdominal aneurysms have been performed with good results since the eighties. Embolectomy by means of a Fogarty catheter has been used with success since 1970. As to chronic arteriosus obliterans, including thromboangitis obliterans and arteriosclerosis, omental graft (1982) and staged arterio-venous reversal (1986) may produce good results. In the treatment of aortitis, nephrectomy is good for cases involving unilateral renal artery. Bypass, endarterectomy, patch graft or angioplasty for those cases with stenosis at the beginning of the main branches are very beneficial. In the management of portal hypertension, splenorenal shunt has been widely adopted since 1952. In 1964 pericardiac devasculization was first used, and in recent years there was an increasing trend in its practice. As to venous diseases in the lower extremity, a classification based on whether the lesion involves venous reflux or venous return disturbance has been suggested in recent years. Venous reflux diseases with valvular insuffciency of the saphenous vein has an incidence of 14%, valvular insufficiency of the deep femoral vein is even more common with an incidence as high as 55%. The operations for each category are mentioned. Diseases of venous return disturbance are mainly the sequel of thrombosis of the deep vein. The are two types i. e. whole extremity and segmental.     

DIETARY SURVEY IN BEIJING IN 1983

Dietary survey was carried out in October and November 1983 in 73 urban residents and 92 rural residents of Beijing from l,594 persons, 25-64 years of age, with equal distribution in both sexes. The result showed that Beijing diet was higher in car bohydrate and low in fat. The average daily salt in take was 14.2 g for urban residents and 15.7 g for rural residents, being about three times the estimated normal requirement. The proportion of polyunsa- turated fat to saturated fat was 2.6:1, whereas the ideal proportion should be l:1. Recommendation is made to reduce salt and animal fat intake in the Beijing diet.     

海南地区新生儿睾丸的形态观测

从海南地区足月新生儿３１例尸体中取睾丸６２个（左、右各３１个），对睾丸的位置、形态进行观测。形态分类：卵圆形、圆柱形、圆锥形、圆形，左侧分别占７７．４２±７．５１％、９．６８±５．３１％、９．６８±５．３１％、３．２３±３．１８％，右侧分别占８３．８７％±６．６１％、６．４５±４．４２％、６．４５±４．４２％、３．２３±３．１８％。睾丸的长、宽、厚（ｍｍ），左侧分别为９．３３±０．９７、６、１０±０．９８、５．５１±０．７３，右侧分别为９．３８±０．９９、６．３６±０．９５、５．６４±０．６２。睾丸的重量（ｇ），左侧０．２２±０．０５，右侧０．２４±０．０５。     

2006年秋冬季青岛地区婴幼儿病毒性腹泻病原分析

目的 了解青岛地区引起婴幼儿病毒性腹泻的主要病原组成及其流行情况.方法 2006年9～12月,采集青岛市儿童医院婴幼儿病毒性腹泻大便样品共38份,采用胶体金法检测轮状病毒;采用RT-PCR法检测星状病毒和人杯状病毒.结果 在38份样品中检测到轮状病毒7份,阳性率为18.42%;检测到星状病毒4份,阳性率为10.53%; 检测到人杯状病毒6份,阳性率为15.79%.其中1份混合感染星状病毒和人杯状病毒,1份混合感染轮状病毒和星状病毒,未发现轮状病毒和人杯状病毒的混合感染.结论 2006年秋冬季,引起青岛地区婴幼儿感染性腹泻的3种主要病毒中,以轮状病毒为主,其次为人杯状病毒和星状病毒.     

体外PPD淋巴细胞转化试验对儿童结核病的诊断价值

本文报道各种类型的儿童结核病30例,即旧结核菌素试验为阳性和阴性者各15例,与健康儿对照组17人比较,观察体外PPD淋巴细胞转化试验。结果如下:旧结核菌素试验阳性组为19.74±7.93;阴性组为16.23±4.23;健康儿对照组为2.58±2.01。前二组分别与对照组比较,差异有高度显著性,提示体外PPD淋巴细胞转化试验对旧结核菌素试验阴性的结核病患儿有一定的临床诊断价值。     

IMMUNOGLOBULIN DEPOSITIONS IN PERIPHERAL NERVES IN POLYMYOSITIS

An immunocytochemical study was performed in 6 peripheral nerve specimens from 6 cases of polymyositis.The results revealed that depositions of IgG,IgM,IgA and C3 were found in the epineurium,perineurium and the walls of capillaries.These findings demonstrated that depositions of immonoglobulins and the complement-mediated immunoreaction may play an important role in pathogenesis of polymyositis with peripheral nerfve involvements.     

荧光原位杂交方法检测人精子染色体

目的：将Ｆ１ＳＨ方法应用于精子间期核检测染色休数目。方法：用二硫苏糖醇破精子表面蛋白壳，使探针容易穿透，再选用１３、２１、ｘ探针与精子核杂交，检测相应染色体数目。结果：可见红色核中绿色信号，结果直观，能准确计数染色体数目。结论：ＦＩＳＨ技术应用于精子间期核，能准确、快速、直观地检出染色体数目异常，使细胞学难以制备精子染色体的难题得以解决。     

老年性骨质疏松在脊椎骨的放射学表现

对1120例老年性骨质疏松的胸椎(368例)、腰椎(752例)X线片进行了分析。结果表明,老年性骨质疏松在脊椎骨的放射学改变包括①普遍性骨密度减低;②骨小梁细、疏,首先是水平小梁的吸收、减少,以至消失,严重者仅留有粗、疏的垂直小梁;③椎体软骨下骨板和皮质骨的变淡、减薄;④椎体形态的改变,如椎体双凹变形或“鱼椎”,楔形变和椎体压缩变扁或“单饼椎”等。     

胶南市2009年35～74岁居民BMI分布状况

目的分析青岛市胶南地区35～74岁居民人体质量指数(BMI)的分布情况和相关危险因素的分布。方法采用分层随机抽样方法,在胶南市随机抽取35～74岁居民进行面对面的问卷调查和体格检查。数据采用SPSS 17.0统计软件进行分析。结果共计调查样本1 453例,胶南市居民BMI平均水平为(24.42±3.45)kg/m2,其中男性为(23.72±3.05)kg/m2,女性为(24.95±3.64)kg/m2,女性高于男性(t=-6.795,P<0.05);人群体质量超标准(超标)率为37.2%,肥胖率为13.9%,超标和肥胖率均随年龄的增高而降低(χ2=8.766、9.195,P<0.05);多因素非条件Logistic回归分析显示,年龄、性别、吸烟与否、糖尿病、高血压和血脂异常与居民超标和肥胖密切相关(P<0.05)。结论胶南市居民超标率和肥胖率低于青岛市总体水平,但仍然很高,应对居民加强健康教育,提倡健康饮食等,以降低居民超标和肥胖率水平。     

在体监测精神发裂症模型大鼠纹状体多巴胺的释放量及氟哌啶醇对其作用

①目的　在体监测精神分裂症模型大鼠纹状体多巴胺 (DA)的动态变化 ,以探讨精神分裂症的发病机制及氟哌啶醇的作用。②方法　经腹腔给大鼠注射苯环己哌啶 (PCP)制作精神分裂症动物模型 ,用快速周期伏安法 (FCV)在体测量模型大鼠纹状体DA的释放量。③结果　PCP模型大鼠纹状体DA的释放量左侧为 (3.95±0 .6 3) μmol/L ,右侧 (4 .0 3± 0 .5 8) μmol/L ,明显高于对照组的 (1.32± 0 .2 7) μmol/L和 (1.2 6± 0 .2 9) μmol/L(t =2 2 .5 9,12 .19,P <0 .0 0 1)。短期给予氟哌啶醇治疗后 ,纹状体DA的释放量左侧为 (2 .6 5± 0 .5 6 ) μmol/L ,右侧(2 .5 3± 0 .32 ) μmol/L ,较PCP组 (4 .33± 0 .44 ) μmol/L和 (4 .45± 0 .5 6 ) μmol/L无明显改变 (F =18.5 5 ,18.34 ,q =2 .85 ,2 .39,P >0 .0 5 )。而长期给予氟哌啶醇后纹状体DA的释放量左侧为 (2 .36± 0 .5 7) μmol/L ,右侧为 (2 .2 9±0 .75 ) μmol/L ,较PCP组的 (4 .31± 0 .6 0 ) μmol/L和 (4 .5 8± 0 .6 4) μmol/L明显降低 (F =6 9.0 4,5 9.80 ,q =4.79,5 .43,P <0 .0 0 1)。④结论　PCP精神分裂症模型大鼠纹状体DA功能亢进 ,抗精神病药物氟哌啶醇能有效地降低DA释放量     

不同情期大鼠血浆神经降压素含量的变化

本文试图阐明不同情期大鼠血浆神经降压素含量的变化。血浆神经降压素以无水乙醇提取后采用放射免疫分析法测定。间情期、动情前期和动情期大鼠血浆内神经降压素样免疫活性物质的含量依次分别为92.1±7.7ng/L,118.0±9.4ng/L 和144.3±10.2ng/L。动情期大鼠血浆神经降压素样免疲活性物质的含量较间情期大鼠有极显著差异(P<0.01)。     

青岛市冬春季儿童腹泻腺病毒感染分子流行病学特点

目的 了解青岛市2007年冬春季儿童腹泻腺病毒(EADV)感染的流行病学特点.方法 收集2007年1～5月临床诊断为病毒性腹泻病儿的粪便标本,采用ELISA及PCR方法检测EADV.结果 106例标本检测阳性率为38%,随机抽取10例阳性标本进行DNA诊断,均为EADV.结论 青岛市冬春季儿童腹泻与EADV感染有关,流行株为40、41型的病毒株.