外直肌超常量后徒治疗外斜视

目的：探讨超常量外直肌后徒术治疗外斜视的方法及效果。方法：对28例（54眼）共同性外斜视及麻痹性外斜视患者行外上直肌超常量后徒手术,单眼或双眼外直肌后徒11－15mm。结果：术后眼位矫正良好,其中13眼出现不同程度的外转受限,结论：该手术方式简便,避免损伤过多的眼外肌,术后效果满意。     

集合不足型外斜视手术的近期疗效

目的探讨共同性外斜视集合不足型的近期手术疗效。方法采用常规单眼外直肌后徙+内直肌缩短手术治疗集合不足型共同性外斜视。结果显示所有42例病例术后正位率90.5%,并且远近斜视度差值明显减小。结论采用单眼外直肌后徙+内直肌缩短手术治疗集合不足型共同性外斜视效果肯定。     

80例共同性外斜视手术疗效分析

目的探讨影响共同性外斜视手术治疗效果的相关因素。方法手术治疗80例共同性外斜视患者,基本型和外展过强型手术以外直肌后徙为主,集合过强型手术以缩短内直肌为主,并对其术后眼位及融合功能等进行观察和分析。结果80例共同性外斜视术后正位者68例(85.00%),欠矫正8例(10.00%),过矫4例(5.00%)。术前无融合功能62例,术后有53例建立了双眼单视功能。结论共同性外斜视手术效果受多因素影响,术前患者有无融合力对术后眼位影响明显。     

Duane眼球后退综合征21例手术治疗临床观察

目的探讨眼球后退综合征（DRS）的临床特点和手术方法。方法21例眼球后退综合征根据术前不同的斜视度、斜视类型、牵拉实验结果、同视机检查结果以及眼球内转时是否伴有上射和（或）下射现象,在解除限制因素的前提下分别采取内直肌后退或悬吊术,外直肌后退或悬吊术,内外直肌同时后退或悬吊术以及外直肌Y型劈开联合后退术。结果术后内转眼上射和（或）下射现象及代偿头位有不同程度的改善或消失。14例内斜视术后12例斜视度≤10^△,2例斜视度〉10△.其中2例在行内直肌后退术后出现外斜视。7例外斜视中,5例行外直肌后退或悬吊术,2例行外直肌Y型劈开联合后退术,其中6例术后斜视度≤10△,1例斜视度〉10△。结论在解除限制因素的前提下,水平直肌大量后退可以消除或改善代偿头位,亦可恢复原在位的眼位。对于斜视度≤20△且有代偿头位的DRS患者,可以戴棱镜矫正。直肌Y型分开联合后退术或水平直肌同时后退术在解决内转眼上射和（或）下射现象时有显著疗效。     

共同性外斜视眼外肌病理研究

目的：探讨共同性外斜视内直肌的病理变化与斜视发现时间的关系。
　　方法：对30例共同性外斜视患者行斜视矫正手术,术中将截除的内直肌用4%甲醛固定后送病理,在显微镜下观察眼外肌的组织结构,并进行HE和Masson染色。
　　结果：共同性外斜视30例中,内直肌纤维大小不一、形态异常,数量减少,肌肉不同程度的纤维化,经Masson染色后发现,发现斜视较久患者组眼外肌肌纤维含量明显少于发现时间较短患者组(P<0.05) 。
　　结论：斜视的发生与眼外肌的结构异常有关,发现斜视时间较久的共同性外斜视比发现时间较短的共同性外斜视其眼外肌发生明显的纤维化,说明内直肌纤维化可能是外斜视形成的原因之一。随着斜视时间的延长,眼外肌纤维化程度加重。     

内直肌缩短治疗共同性外斜视手术的效果分析

目的:探讨双眼或单眼内直肌缩短术或联合外直肌后退术治疗集合不足型共同性外斜视的疗效。方法:收集行双眼或单眼内直肌缩短术或联合外直肌后退术的集合不足型共同性外斜视患者181例,术前及术后1wk;2,6mo均行常规的眼科检查、斜视角测量、眼球运动及同视机检查,分别对眼位、视功能等结果进行统计学分析。结果:术后1wk;2,6mo,患者正位率分别为80.1%,83.7%和81.3%,眼位同术前相比有明显改善(P<0.01),术后双眼视功能同术前相比无明显恢复(P>0.05)。结论:对于集合不足型共同性外斜视,行双眼或单眼内直肌缩短术可获得较满意的效果。     

共同性外斜视的手术治疗（附33例）

目的探讨共同性外斜视的手术方法及效果.方法对33例不同斜视度的共同性外斜视施行双眼外直肌后徙术或联合内直肌缩短术.结果术后1周至6月,第一眼位正位或仅有少量隐斜者27例(82%),留5°～10.外斜者6例;一过性复视4例,无过矫或运动受限发生.结论双眼外直肌后徙术或联合内直肌缩短术治疗共同性外斜视可获得满意效果.     

局麻下常量手术术中调整眼位治疗大角度共同性外斜视的疗效观察

目的探讨在局麻下采用常量手术术中调整眼位至轻度过矫10△~15△的方法治疗大角度共同性外斜视的疗效。方法对40例≥-80△的共同性外斜视患者按照常量手术设计在局麻下行双眼外直肌后退联合主斜眼内直肌截除术,术中调整眼位至用三棱镜交替遮盖,33cm保留斜视度为+10△~+15△后结束手术。观察术后24h、3个月及6个月眼位。结果为在术中达到轻度过矫+10△~+15△,大部分大角度外斜视需要行3条常量水平肌手术,少数>-100△者需要行4条常量水平肌手术。术后随访6个月手术成功率87.5%。结论在局麻下手术的大角度共同性外斜视,采用常量手术且术中调整眼位至手术结束时视近过矫10△~15△的方法可以抵消外斜漂移而提高了远期手术正位率。     

外直肌超长量后徙术治疗大角度外斜视的疗效评价

背景 临床上矫正超过50Δ的大角度外斜视时往往需对3条或4条水平直肌进行手术,以避免因外直肌超长量后徙(＞7 mm)引起的眼球外转受限.但研究表明,超长量外直肌后徙可有效矫正大角度外斜视,且术后并不出现眼球明显外转受限.这个结果仍有待临床上进行验证. 目的 观察双眼外直肌超长量后徙或合并非主导眼内直肌缩短对大角度外斜视的矫正效果. 方法 采用系列病例观察法对2013年5月至2014年10月在天津市眼科医院行双眼外直肌超常量后徙术或合并非主导眼内直肌缩短术的间歇性或恒定性大角度外斜视患者51例的治疗效果进行分析,其中29例为间歇性外斜视,22例为恒定性外斜视.所有患者均接受术前及术后眼前节、眼底、眼球运动和双眼视功能检查,采用三棱镜加遮盖法测量斜视角大小.依据病史、眼球运动、知觉状态和斜视角度数对患者行个体化手术治疗,术中结合可调整缝线技术,行双眼外直肌超长量后徙术或合并非主导眼内直肌缩短术.术后随访时间均超过6个月,比较术眼术前和术后眼位变化、眼球运动情况以及双眼知觉功能.结果 行双眼外直肌超长量后徙术者33例,双眼外直肌超长量后徙术合并非主导眼内直肌缩短术者18例.术前患者视远(5 m)斜视度为-52Δ～-120Δ,平均(-70.57±16.46)Δ;视近(33 cm)斜视度为-55Δ～-130Δ,平均(-75.65±16.14)Δ.左眼外直肌后徙8～15 mm,平均(11.17±1.67)mm,右眼外直肌后徙9～15 mm,平均(11.28±1.62) rnm,非主导眼内直肌缩短3～6 mm.末次随访时患者视远斜视度为+4Δ ～-14Δ,平均(-3.45±4.20)Δ;视近斜视度为+4Δ～-14Δ,平均(-5.49±3.96)Δ,其中41例术后眼球正位,占80.4％,10例欠矫,未发现过矫者.32例患者术后立体视较术前改善,其中术前无立体视的27例中18例术后获得不同程度的立体视.无一例患者出现眼球运动障碍.结论 双眼外直肌超长量后徙术或合并非主导眼内直肌缩短术可有效治疗大角度外斜视,可减少需要手术的眼外肌数目,术后未发现眼球运动障碍.     

大角度外斜视手术方法的对比分析

目的探讨大角度外斜视行外直肌悬吊后徙术与外直肌超常量后徙术的比较,观察手术效果。方法两组病例共42例,手术前后均采用角膜映光法、三棱镜遮盖试验测定眼位。一组实施外直肌悬吊后徙术,另一组则行外直肌超常量后徙术。结果两组术前斜视角大小无显著性差异。术后眼位:外直肌悬吊后徙组≤±10~Δ18例,正位率85.71%;外直肌超常量后徙组≤±10~Δ19例,正位率90.48%,两组正位率比较差异无显著性。结论采用外直肌悬吊后徙术矫正大角度外斜视,既可以达到外直肌超常量后徙术的效果,又降低了巩膜意外损伤的危险,具有合理、实用、安全、简便等特点。     

A comparison of hang-back with conventional recession surgery for exotropia

BACKGROUND: The hang-back loop suspension surgical technique for rectus muscle recession offers potential advantages over the conventional rectus muscle recession, including better exposure at the site of scleral sutures, shorter procedure duration, and lower risk of scleral perforation. Previous reports suggest that the hang-back technique for lateral rectus recession for exotropia results in poorer surgical success and may require a different surgical dosage. METHODS: We compared strabismus in a nonrandomized series of 55 children with exotropia treated with conventional surgery or hang-back surgery. Those in the hang-back (suspension) recession group were on average 2.5 years younger and had 8(Delta) more preoperative exotropia at distance. RESULTS: Surgical outcomes were not significantly different in the two treatment groups. Multivariate logistic regression suggests that outcomes are at least equivalent to conventional surgery after adjusting for age, severity, and other preoperative factors likely associated with outcome. CONCLUSIONS: The hang-back surgical technique was as effective as conventional lateral rectus recession surgery for children with exotropia.     

The surgical management of consecutive exotropia.

PURPOSE: To review the results and techniques of surgical treatment of consecutive exotropia. METHODS: We performed a retrospective chart review of all patients who underwent surgery for consecutive exotropia in a pediatric ophthalmology practice between 1992 and 2001. Patients were excluded if follow-up lasted < 6 weeks or if exotropia was caused by other ocular disorders such as previous trauma or congenital cataracts. RESULTS: Fifty-nine patients were identified. The procedure performed in the majority of cases was unilateral lateral rectus recession and medial rectus advancement to the original insertion. Seven patients underwent bilateral lateral rectus recession, and 6 underwent lateral rectus recession combined with medial rectus resection. The mean interval between original surgery and surgery for consecutive exotropia was 14.1 years (range 4 months to 47.5 years). The mean preoperative distance exodeviation was 31.7 prism diopters (PD). Satisfactory alignment (ie, within 10 PD of orthophoria) was achieved in 36 patients (61%) at week 1 and 42 patients (71%) at final follow-up. Mean follow up was 16.0 months. Thirty-nine patients (66%) demonstrated an exodrift after surgery (mean 7.6 PD). CONCLUSION: Consecutive exotropia may occur many years, even decades, after esotropia surgery. Lateral rectus recession with advancement of the previously recessed medial rectus is an effective treatment. An exotropic drift occurs after consecutive exotropia surgery, usually within the first 6 weeks. A suitable ocular alignment immediately after surgery for consecutive exotropia is a small-angle esotropia of 5 to 10 PD.     

Effects of unilateral lateral rectus recession according to the tendon width in intermittent exotropia

PURPOSE: To verify the effect of unilateral lateral rectus recession for each millimeter according to the tendon width in intermittent exotropia. METHODS: A total of 37 patients (37 eyes) of 7 to 11 years of age with basic-type intermittent exotropia and a deviation of 16-25 Prism Diopters (PD) were included in this study. Under general anaesthesia, the tendon width of the lateral rectus of the deviating eye near insertion was measured with calipers, prior to dissection of the muscle tendon from the sclera. Patients underwent 6.5-10 mm unilateral lateral rectus recession. The effect of lateral recession for each millimeter was the absolute value of the angle of preoperative deviation plus postoperative deviation on the second day divided by the total amount of recession. RESULTS: Mean tendon width of the lateral rectus of a deviating eye was 8.3 mm (range: 6.5-9.5). The mean effect per millimeter of unilateral rectus recession in those 37 patient was 2.98+/-0.42 PD (range: 2.4-4.1). The effect of recession was larger in cases in which the tendon width of the lateral rectus was narrower (P=0.000, r=0.72). CONCLUSION: The tendon width of the lateral rectus muscle can be a useful indicator to estimate the effect of lateral rectus recession in intermittent exotropia.     

Wright hang-back recession with fibrin glue compared with standard fixed suture recession for the treatment of horizontal strabismus

ObjectiveTo evaluate the clinical safety and efficacy of the novel Wright hang-back recession with fibrin glue for the treatment of horizontal strabismus.Study DesignRetrospective, case-controlled clinical study comparing surgical outcomes of the Wright hang-back rectus recession with fibrin glue (WHBG) versus standard fixed suture rectus recession (SFR).MethodsMedical records of all patients who underwent strabismus surgery by one strabismus surgeon between 2016 and 2018 for horizontal deviations only, including cases of WHBG (group 1) or SFR (group 2), were reviewed. Good surgical outcome was defined as a postoperative deviation ≤10 prism diopters (PD) at a minimum 2 months of follow-up.Results32 eyes of 17 patients underwent WHBG and 32 eyes of 17 patients underwent SFR; in each group, 35% had esotropia and 65% had exotropia. Mean preoperative deviations between groups were similar: esotropia 25.5 PD and exotropia 26.6 PD in WHBG; esotropia 28.3 PD and exotropia 23.8 PD in SFR. The mean postoperative deviation was <7 PD for both groups. Good surgical outcomes were similar between groups, 16/17 (94%) in WHBG and 15/17 (88%) in SFR, with no complications.ConclusionsWHBG was safe and effective with postoperative results similar to SFR. WHBG has an important advantage, eliminating the complication of retinal perforation that can occur with SFR while avoiding under- or overcorrection that can occur with traditional hang-back recession. This technique increases patient safety without sacrificing surgical outcomes and is especially useful in patients with thin sclera such as patients with high myopia or with difficult posterior exposure.     

Unilateral lateral rectus muscle recession and medial rectus muscle resection with or without advancement for postoperative consecutive exotropia.

PURPOSE: To evaluate the effectiveness of unilateral lateral rectus muscle recession and medial rectus muscle resection with or without advancement in treating postoperative consecutive exotropia. METHODS: We performed a retrospective review on 31 patients with consecutive exotropia who were treated with unilateral lateral rectus muscle recession and medial rectus muscle resection (17 patients) or unilateral lateral rectus muscle recession and medial rectus muscle partial resection combined with advancement (14 patients). All patients had exotropia with a less than 10 prism diopters (PD) distance near-disparity. The characteristics studied before surgery included type of esotropia surgery, detection of amblyopia, presence of an "A" or "V" pattern, dissociated vertical deviation, limitation of adduction, deviation angle measurement, and forced duction testing. Ocular alignment and status of adduction postoperatively at the last follow-up were recorded. RESULTS: Nineteen patients (61.3%) had amblyopia, 17 patients (54.8%) had limitation of adduction, 8 patients (25.8%) had dissociated vertical deviation, and 5 patients (16.1%) had an "A" or "V" pattern. The mean preoperative exodeviation was 47.3 PD. Overall 21 (67.7%) of 31 patients achieved a successful postoperative result (alignment within 10 PD of orthophoria). There was no significant difference in successful alignment in patients treated with unilateral medial rectus muscle resection compared with those treated with unilateral medial rectus muscle partial resection combined with advancement. There was no influence of amblyopia on the result. Twelve (70.6%) of the 17 patients with limited adduction preoperatively showed normalization of adduction postoperatively. CONCLUSIONS: Unilateral lateral rectus muscle recession and medial rectus muscle resection with or without advancement is an effective alternative for treating postoperative consecutive exotropia.     

单眼外直肌后徙术治疗儿童间歇性外斜视的疗效

目的探讨单眼外直肌后徙术对中、小度数儿童间歇性外斜视的疗效。方法回顾性系列病例研究。2009年4月至2010年3月期间行单眼外直肌后徙术治疗、斜视度为15^△-35^△的间歇性外斜视儿童69例。采用三棱镜加交替遮盖法测定患儿注视6m和33cm的斜视度,根据看远斜视度定量行7-10mm单眼外直肌后徙术。随访时间≥6个月。手术前后采用Worth四点灯检查中心和周边融合,采用Titmus立体视图测定立体视锐度。疗效评价标准以眼位-8^△-0^△为正位;第一眼位与侧向注视的斜视度相差≥10^△为非共同性阳性。采用X^2检验对数据进行分析。结果术后1-3d和≥6个月随访正位率分别为81％和62％,欠矫率分别为12％和36％。斜视度为30^△、35^△（外直肌后徙9．5-10mm）者欠矫率较高。术前与术后远期随访比较,具有正常中心融合和周边融合者比例的差异有统计学意义（X^2=21．9,P〈0．01;X^2=14．0,P〈0．01）,术后明显高于术前;具有正常立体视功能者比例的差异有统计学意义（X^2=15．0,P〈0．01）,术后明显高于术前。术后远期随访未见眼位非共同性阳性者。结论单眼外直肌后徙术治疗斜视度为15^△-25^△的儿童间歇性外斜视安全、有效。     

The effect of unilateral medial rectus muscle resection in patients with recurrent exotropia

PURPOSE: To investigate the effect of unilateral medial rectus muscle resection for recurrent exotropia after bilateral lateral rectus muscle recession for intermittent exotropia METHODS: A retrospective analysis was made of thirtypatients who underwent unilateral medial rectus resection for recurrent exotropia. All had prior bilateral lateral rectus recession for intermittent exotropia. Data were collected for age, the preoperative deviation, the postoperative deviation at 2 weeks, 3 months, 6 months and the last visit, and the amount of medial rectus resection performed. RESULTS: The average preoperative deviation was 27.0+/-3.6 PD. After unilateral medial rectus resection, average deviation at distance was 2.8 PD at postoperative 2 weeks, 4.5 PD at 3 months, 5.1 PD at 6 months and 5.8 PD at last visit. The average deviation corrected per millimeter of medial rectus resection was 3.53+/-0.17 PD/mm. CONCLUSIONS: Considering that deviation angles of recurrent exotropia is smaller than those of primary surgery and the possibility of saving the other medial rectus muscle, unilateral rectus muscle resection could be effective surgical method for recurrent exotropia.     

大角度外斜视手术方法的探讨

目的探讨大角度外斜视安全、有效、简便的手术方法,观察手术效果。方法39例外斜视病例按照斜视度大小分为A、B、C三组,采用外直肌超常量后徙术、外直肌常量后徙加内直肌缩短术以及外直肌超常量后徙加内直肌缩短术三种术式,术后1月测量原在位斜视度。结果A组中三种术式正位率无显著性差异,B组中三种术式正位率有显著性差异,C组选用的二种术式正位率无显著性差异。结论传统的外直肌常量后徙加内直肌缩短术在眼位正位率上更具有稳定性。外直肌超常量后徙术对于一定度数内的大角度外斜视有效。随着外斜视度数的增大,可采用外直肌超常量后徙术合并内直肌缩短术。     

内直肌悬吊后退术治疗部分调节性内斜视临床分析

目的观察内直肌悬吊后退术治疗部分调节性内斜视的疗效。方法126例部分调节性内斜视患者，按随机数字法分为两组，内直肌悬吊后退术62例为治疗组，传统的内直肌后退术64例为对照组。对术中并发症和术后眼位进行观察分析。结果两组间正位率、术前和术后6个月的平均内斜度分析P〉0．05，差异无统计学意义。两组患者术中均无并发症发生。结论内直肌悬吊后退术安全、有效，可作为治疗儿童部分调节性内斜视的手术方法。     

大角度外斜视两种手术矫正方法的对比分析

目的 将大角度外斜视外直肌超常量后退术和外直肌边缘楔形切开术进行比较,观察手术效果.方法 两组共37例,手术前后均用角膜映光法和三棱镜遮盖法测定斜视度.A组(18例)行外自肌超常量后退联合内直肌截短术,B组(19例)行外直肌边缘楔形切开联合内直肌截短术.并能两组进行统计学分析.结果 两组术前斜视度无统计学显著差异(P＞0.05),术后1～6个月复诊眼位的比较:A组16例≤±10△,正位率88.89%,B组17例≤±10△,正位率89.47%,两组正位率比较差异无统计学意义(x2=0.03 P＞0.05).结论 外直肌超常量后退和外直肌楔形切开术均可以有效地矫正大角度外斜视.

Abstract：

Objective To compare lateral rectus marginal myotomy with wedge excision combined with resection of medial rectus with over-routine-quantity recession of lateral rectus and resection of medial rectus in treatment of large angle exotropia and observe the clinical effect.Methods Thirty-seven cases of large angle exotropia were divided into 2 groups.Group A(18 cases)underwent over-routine-quantity recession of lateral rectus and resection of medial rectus,Group B(19 cases)underwent lateral rectus marginal myotomy with edge excision and resection of medial rectus.All patients were measured the deviation before and after operation by using Hirschberg test and prism cover test.The surgery was performed according to the amount of distance deviation.All the surgeries were performed by the same ophthalmologist.A successful alignment was defined as ± 10△ or less in primary gaze while viewing distant and near targets.Results Before operation,the difference of strabismus angle between the two groups was no statistically significant(P ＞0.05),the cosmetic success rate(±10△)was (88.89%)in group A and(89.47%)in group B.The difference between the two groups was not statistically significant(x2=0.03,P＞0.05).Conclusions There is no significant difference between over-routine-quantity recession of lateral rectus combined with resection of medial rectus and lateral rectus marginal myotomy with edge excision combined with resection of medial rectus for large angle exotropia.