红曲霉发酵产胞外多糖工艺的优化

研究了碳源、氮源和无机盐对红曲霉Y 7产多糖的影响 ,优化并确定了产胞外多糖的培养基组成 :麦芽糖 6 0 g/L ,蛋白胨 2 .5g/L ,磷酸二氢钾 4 g/L ,硫酸镁 0 .5 g/L ,氯化钙 0 .6 g/L .研究了油脂对胞外多糖的影响 ,并确定棕榈油的添加量为 0 .2 g/dL .在 5 0 0mL的三角瓶装培养基 75mL ,接种量 15 % ,种子液种龄 2 4h ,培养温度 33℃ ,摇床转速 2 2 0r/min ,培养 96h .在上述条件下生物量干重为 1.4 2 g/dL ,发酵液胞外多糖产量可达 3.2 4 g/L ,比初始条件高出 2 .5倍 .     

搅拌转速和通气量对灰树花深层发酵培养的影响

采用15L搅拌式发酵罐研究灰树花的扩大培养条件，主要考察了搅拌转速和通气量对灰树花菌丝量、胞外多糖产率、溶氧、菌丝形态以及发酵液粘度的影响．研究结果表明搅拌转速和通气量能显著影响灰树花的生长，并且通过对灰树花菌丝球的大小、形态以及胞外多糖的分泌影响发酵液的粘度．并得出较为优化的培养条件为：温度25℃，通气量0．75vvm，搅拌转速80r／min，装液量60％；在此条件下，发酵10d后，灰树花菌丝体最大得率为22．95g／L，胞外多糖的得率为1．521g／L。     

营养因子对鸡腿蘑分泌胞外多糖的影响

结合工业发酵的特点 ,研究了营养因子对鸡腿蘑 (毛头鬼伞 )胞外多糖产量的影响 ,筛选到适合其胞外多糖分泌的优化培养基配方 :葡萄糖 2 .0 % ,玉米粉 (6 0目 ) 1.0 % ,麸皮粉 (6 0目 )0 .3% ,VB110mg/L ,KH2 PO4 0 .1% ,MgSO4 ·7H2 O 0 .1% ,在此基础上进行摇瓶发酵曲线的测定 ,确定生产胞外多糖的适宜发酵周期为 4d ,发酵液中产量最高可达 96 .3mg/dL .     

黑木耳胞外多糖深层发酵培养基组成的优化

研究了营养性因子对黑木耳深层发酵的影响.结果表明,葡萄糖、酵母膏、豆饼粉有利于黑木耳菌体生长和胞外多糖的形成.正交优化实验得到最佳培养基组成:葡萄糖40g/L,豆饼粉9g/L,KH2PO44g/L,无机盐X22g/L.     

灰树花富锗培养研究

对食药用真菌灰树花的耐锗和富锗特性进行了研究 .结果表明 ,灰树花的耐锗能力和富锗能力都很强 .在锗质量分数为 1 0 0～ 3 0 0 0mg/kg的固体培养基上 ,菌丝均能生长 ,当锗质量分数超过 2 50 0mg/kg时 ,菌丝生长受到一定影响 .采用液体深层培养 ,在锗质量分数为 1 0 0～ 1 50 0mg/kg范围内 ,菌丝体富集锗的范围为 2 96～ 3 74 6mg/kg(以干菌丝计 ) ,当锗质量分数为 50 0mg/kg时 ,菌丝体对锗的吸收率最高 ,达 3 .58% .适当的锗还能促进菌丝体对培养液中还原糖的利用并提高菌丝干收率及胞外多糖分泌量 ,但对发酵液 pH值、发酵周期及菌丝体胞内多糖产量没有明显影响 .     

海洋细菌B-1106生长特性及产胞外多糖研究

对从海泥中筛选到的1株海洋细菌B-1106的生长特性及产胞外多糖进行了初步研究.结果表明,海洋细菌B-1106耐盐度为4 g/dL,培养基初始pH 7.0～8.0,在淡水及海水培养基中产糖量时间均为96 h,产胞外多糖的较佳碳源、氮源分别为蔗糖和硫酸铵,较佳碳氮源质量浓度比为10∶1.     

灰树花胞外多糖的性质与结构

对发酵法生产的灰树花胞外多糖GLP A 2的理化特性与结构进行了初步研究 .经凝胶柱层析和HPLC检测纯度 ,证明水溶性多糖GLP A 2为单一均匀组分 ,不含蛋白质和核酸 ,比旋光度[α]12D =+ 177.5 0°(H2 O ,0 .1) ,HPLC法测得平均相对分子质量为 6 .2× 10 4 .GC、IR和13C NMR分析表明 ,GLP A 2是一类 β 葡聚糖 ,分子的主链以 β (1→ 3) 糖苷键连接 ,并含有 β (1→ 6 )、α (1→2 )、α (1→ 3)及 β (1→ 2 )糖苷键相连的侧链 .GLP A 2可与刚果红结合 ,形成的络合物在 0～ 0 .4mol/L的NaOH溶液中 ,表现出最大吸收波长 (λmax)的特征变化 ,同时在CD谱中出现明显的有序结构信息 .这提示GLP A 2在溶液中存在三股螺旋构象 ,维持其有序构象的力可能以氢键力为主     

产胆固醇氧化酶重组大肠杆菌的发酵培养基和诱导条件的优化

在摇瓶中对产胆固醇氧化酶重组大肠杆菌的发酵培养基和诱导条件进行了优化,优化培养基为甘油10 g/L,胰蛋白胨10 g/L,酵母粉5 g/L,KH2PO4 2 g/L,K2HPO4 4 g/L,Na2HPO4·12H2O 7 g/L,(NH4)2SO4 1.2 g/L,NH4Cl 0.2 g/L,MgSO4·7H2O 1 g/L;优化的诱导条件为:对数生长中期诱导,IPTG浓度为0.3 mmol/L.在优化的培养基和优化的诱导条件下,单位菌体产酶量达745.86 U/g,菌体产酶水平达1 625.97 U/L,为优化前的700 U/L的2.3倍.     

黑曲霉VVTP84生产果糖转移酶

从产果糖转移酶的 11株菌株中筛选出一株黑曲霉VVTP84菌 .该菌株在含蔗糖的培养基中 ,最佳摇瓶发酵时间为 30h ,pH值为 7.0 ;当蔗糖质量浓度在 2 5 0g/L以内时 ,产酶与蔗糖质量浓度呈正相关 ;MgSO4 ·7H2 O和KH2 PO4 的添加量分别以控制在 1.5 g/L和 1.0 g/L为宜     

产胞外多糖乳酸球菌的分离筛选及在Mozzarella干酪中的应用

从东北传统的发酵制品大酱、糖蒜和辣酱中分离出116株乳酸菌,其中LJ35和LJ51两株菌胞外多糖产量相对较高且稳定,分别为乳酸乳球菌乳酸亚种(L.lactis subsp.lactis)和乳酸乳球菌乳脂亚种(L.lactis subsp.cremoris),胞外多糖的产量分别为62.19 mg/L和74.24 mg/L.以菌株LJ35和LJ51制作Mozzarella千酪的研究表明,添加2%LJ35或2%LJ51作发酵剂制作的Mozzarellla干酪保水性分别提高了2.1%和3.2%;同时干酪的融化性得到改善,干酪硬度降低,变得柔软.     

灰树花多酚的提取和活性研究

从灰树花菌丝体中提取多酚类物质，并研究其性质和活性，采用弱极性的大孔吸附树脂从灰树花菌丝体粗提物中吸附多酚类物质，吸附量大，解吸容易，获得褐色粉末状产物，应用红外、紫外扫描和鉴别试验证明其主要为多酚类物质，用F-D法以间苯三酚为标准测得酚类物质质量分数为9．3％,平板系列稀释法测定体外抗菌活性，灰树花多酚对金黄色葡萄球菌等具一定的抑制作用，红细胞氧化溶血和MDA试验测定其抗氧化活性，实验显示：对于红细胞的自氧化和H202所致的氧化均具有一定的抑制活性，可显著抑制小鼠肝匀浆自发生成MDA。碘呈色法和DNS比色法试验结果显示灰树花多酚可抑制α-淀粉酶活性，减少酶对淀粉的水解，树脂法适合从灰树花菌丝体中提取多酚类物质，灰树花多酚具有抗氧化、抗菌及抑制α-淀粉酶等活性。     

灰树花液体菌种固体栽培

采用一种特殊培养基培育灰树花液体菌种 ,并进行固体料的搅拌式接种 .此栽培方式由于发菌很快而大大缩短了栽培周期 ,是一种灰树花的制种、栽培新技术 .     

含灰树花子实体及绿茶提取物眼霜的抗衰老功效研究

目的:观察含有灰树花子实体及绿茶提取物眼霜的抗衰老效果。方法:采用无创性仪器检测以及图像分析的方法,对23例受试者持续6周外用眼霜的效果进行分析。无创性检测的主要功效参数为眼部细纹(鱼尾纹)和皮肤弹力。采用VISIA-CR图像分析的方法进行眼部肤色评价。结果:使用测试眼霜6周后,眼部鱼尾纹各参数较0周基准值相比均有不同程度降低,但结果无显著性差异(P0.05)。左、右双眼皮肤弹力平均值较0周的0.66/0.64上升到6周的0.76/0.74,且差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。眼部肤色的亮度和均匀度较0周均有明显改善,改善幅度分别为0.54%和5.63%,且差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论:含灰树花子实体及绿茶提取物眼霜可以有效提高眼部皮肤亮度和均匀度,增强皮肤弹力,且具有较高安全性。     

Fungi—an unusual source for cosmetics

Fruiting bodies of some wild and cultivatable mushrooms contain medicinal compounds which are being used in traditional medicines and cosmetics. There are numerous potential medicinal products from mushrooms that could be used in cosmeceuticals (products applied topically, such as creams, lotions, and ointments) or nutricosmetics (products that are ingested orally). This paper provides a review of the fungi presently used in cosmeceuticals and nutricosmetics with some examples of cosmetic types and products. Species presently used, or patented to be used, in cosmeceuticals and nutricosmetics include Agaricus subrufescens (= A. blazei, A. brasiliensis) Choiromyces maeandriformis Cordyceps sinensis, Ganoderma lucidum, Grifola frondosa, Hypsizygus ulmarium, Inonotus obliquus, Lentinula edodes, Polyporus spp., Trametes versicolor, Tremella fuciformis, Tuber spp., Schizophyllum commune and many other lesser used taxa. Cosmetics incorporating fungi include those for skin care such as anti-aging, anti-oxidants, skin revitalizing, skin whitening and hair products. The mushrooms presently used are traditionally known to produce medicinal compounds and thus were the first to be incorporated in cosmetic applications. There are, however, numerous other mushroom species that are untested, undescribed or not yet cultivatable and that have huge potential for use in the cosmetic industry. Some fungi are also used in biotransformation and the products such as lactic acid and ceramides could potentially be used in cosmetics.     

Inhibitory effect of Chinese herb medicine zhuling on urinary bladder cancer. An experimental and clinical study

Inhibitory effect of Zhuling (Grifola umbellata pilat) on urinary bladder cancer was determined experimentally and clinically. The results showed that zhuling inhibited significantly the induction of bladder cancer in rats exposed to N-butyl-N-(4-hydroxybutyl) nitrosamine (BBN), decreasing from 100% (18/18) in control group to 61.1% (11/18) in zhuling (P less than 0.01). Zhuling was given to 22 patients with recurrent bladder cancer after TUR or partial cystectomy. The patients were followed up for 12 to 38 months (average 26.5 months). Bladder cancer recurred in seven of the patients with a longer recurrence interval (19.2 months) after medication than before medication (P less than 0.05). The remaining 15 patients had no recurrence. The mechanism of Zhuling is discussed.     

预防膀胱肿瘤术后复发的临床研究

目的 探讨不同方法预防膀胱肿瘤术后复发的效果,降低膀胱肿瘤复发率。方法对１９８２～１９９７年间采用膀胱灌注ＢＣＧ、丝裂霉素Ｃ（ＭＭＣ）、噻替呱、口服中药猪苓煎剂、后装腔内放疗５ 不同方法预防膀胱肿瘤复发,评价其效果。结果 随访２～１５年,其复发率分别为ＢＣＧ组３５．１％,猪苓３４．９％,ＭＭＣ组４１．７％,噻替呱组５２．６％,空白对照组６４．７％。后装放疗组处理高危性膀胱癌２５例,随访１２～４２个     

深圳市某两所小学流行性腮腺炎突发疫情的流行病学分析

目的：通过对深圳市某两所小学发生的流行性腮腺炎突发疫情的流行病学特点及差异性进行分析,为制定科学、高效的防控策略提供科学依据。方法2013年5～7月深圳市大鹏新区某两所小学爆发流行性腮腺炎,以学校为整体研究对象,分别标记为学校A（24个班,学生1210例）和学校B（27个班,学生1274例）,对比两所小学的疫情流行病学差异性。结果分析发现,学校A流行性腮腺炎发病率为4.30%,发病班级所占比54.17%,均较学校B1.73%和29.63%高,对比差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）;分析显示学校A学生出现疫病平均年龄为（11.2±1.1）岁,较学校B（9.34±1.0）岁,对比差异明显（P＜0.05）;且两组疫病患儿在接种疫苗率对比上差异无统计学意义（P＞0.05）;但疫情发生时,学校B疫苗紧急接种率明显高于学校A,对比差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）。结论小学作为流行性腮腺炎爆发的主要场所之一,疫病爆发高峰季节前,针对易感染人群给予相应的疫苗接种等预防控制措施,同时加强流行性腮腺炎的监测,对于降低感染人群数量,减轻、遏制疫情有着积极的意义,值得相关防控部门重视。     

Pathogenesis of carcinoma of the papilla of Vater

Most adenomas and carcinomas of the small intestine and extrahepatic bile ducts arise in the region of the papilla of Vater. In familial adenomatous polyposis (FAP) it is the main location for carcinomas after proctocolectomy. In many cases symptoms due to stenosis lead to diagnosis at an early tumor stage. In about 80%, curative intended resection is possible. Operability is the most relevant prognostic factor. Most ampullary carcinomas resp. carcinomas of the papilla of Vater develop from adenomatous or flat dysplastic precursor lesions. They can be sited in the ampulloduodenal part of the papilla of Vater, which is lined by intestinal mucosa. They also can develop in deeper parts of the ampulla, which are lined by pancreaticobiliary duct mucosa. Intestinal-type adenocarcinoma and pancreaticobiliary-type adenocarcinoma represent the main histological types of ampullary carcinoma. Furthermore, there exist unusual types and undifferentiated carcinomas. Many carcinomas of intestinal type express the immunohistochemical marker profile of intestinal mucosa (keratin 7–, keratin 20+, MUC2+). Carcinomas of pancreaticobiliary type usually show the immunohistochemical profile of pancreaticobiliary duct mucosa (keratin 7+, keratin 20–, MUC2–). Even poorly differentiated carcinomas, as well as unusual histological types, may conserve the marker profile of the mucosa they developed from. These findings underline the concept of histogenetically different carcinomas of the papilla of Vater which develop either from intestinal- or from pancreaticobiliary-type mucosa of the papilla of Vater. Molecular alterations in ampullary carcinomas are similar to those of colorectal as well as pancreatic carcinomas, although they appear at different frequencies. In future studies, molecular alterations in ampullary carcinomas should be correlated closely with the different histologic tumor types. Consequently, the histologic classification should reflect the histogenesis of ampullary tumors from the two different types of papillary mucosa.