流出道对于股-腘人工血管旁路术后重度狭窄闭塞的影响

目的探讨流出道对于人工血管旁路术后重度狭窄闭塞的影响。方法回顾性分析2007年3月～2009年3月收治的115例外周动脉硬化性闭塞症患者的临床资料。根据术前流出道情况分为两组:膝下仅1条流出道通畅者为一组;膝下1条以上流出道通畅者为另一组。观察两组患者术后2、6、12、24个月人工血管的通畅情况。结果随访24个月,膝下仅1条流出道通畅组与膝下1条以上流出道通畅组患者的人工血管原发通畅率比较,差异有统计学意义(45.5%vs63%,P<0.05)。结论流出道对股腘动脉(膝上)人工血管旁路术长期通畅率有所影响,近期通畅率影响不大。     

术中髂动脉支架结合股动脉旁路术治疗多节段动脉硬化闭塞症

目的 探讨术中髂动脉腔内成形及支架植入结合股-Guo动脉旁路术治疗多节段动脉硬化闭塞症的初步临床经验。方法 采用术中同时行髂动脉腔内成形和支架植入结合股-Guo动脉旁路术治疗多节段动脉硬化闭塞症10例（12条肢体）。结果 术中11条髂动脉行腔内成形和支架植入均获成功,9条肢体行股-Guo动脉人工血管旁路术,3条肢体行股-股-Guo动脉人工血管旁路系列转流术;1条肢体股-Guo动脉旁路术失败,本组患者无重要脏器并发症和手术死亡。平均随访时间6个月（1-12个月,髂动脉腔内支架通畅率100%;3条股-股动脉耻骨上人工血管转流均通畅;而股-Guo动脉人工血管通畅率83.3%;截肢率8.3%。结论 术中髂动脉腔内支架结合股-Guo动脉旁路术是治疗多节段动脉硬化闭塞症的安全、有效方法。     

杂交手术在下肢多节段动脉闭塞的应用价值

目的:探讨杂交手术治疗多节段下肢动脉硬化的方法及疗效。方法:146例下肢多节段动脉硬化闭塞症患者,根据病变部位及闭塞程度,采用传统外科手术治疗及杂交手术(血管腔内介入加内膜剥脱或取栓术及血管腔内治疗加人工血管旁路术)治疗,了解两种治疗方法的疗效。结果:杂交治疗组在手术成功率、术后并发症、踝肱指数及通畅率等方面与传统外科手术组相比,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论:杂交手术治疗下肢多动脉硬化闭塞症,根据病变部位及程度,采用个体化治疗,手术并发症少,术后畅通率高。     

彩色多普勒超声早期预测ASO术后再狭窄风险的临床研究

目的：评价彩色多普勒超声作为术后早期随访方法预测ASO术后再狭窄风险的的有效性。方法：回顾性研究25例采用手术治疗的下肢动脉硬化闭塞症患者：第1组为各类开放性转流术者，术后检查移植物皿管中段血流峰值流速（middle graft，MG），依据测得值进行中远期闭塞危险性划分。将流出道动脉血流量手术前后的变化量与此结果进行相关性研究；第2组为各类腔内治疗术者，术后随访重点为流出道动脉血流量。亦依据测得值进行中远期闭塞危险性划分。再将之与手术结束后数字减影血管造影（digital subtraction angiography，DSA）检查结果评分进行相关性研究。结果：第1组患者，按MG值划分之结果与流出道动脉血流量增长幅度呈负相关；第2组患者，按流出道动脉血流量划分之结果与DSA评分结果亦呈负相关。结论：彩色多普勒超声检查是下肢动脉硬化闭塞症术后早期随访的有效方法。     

复合式手术分期治疗下肢多节段动脉硬化闭塞症

为探讨采用复合式手术分期治疗下肢多节段动脉硬化闭塞症的临床疗效,通过CTA或DSA检查明确下肢多节段动脉硬化闭塞症病变部位及长度后，先对髂动脉病变行血管内超声消融术、球囊扩张及支架置入术等微创方法开通血管，择期再对股腘段病变行人工血管旁路转流术。结果示，全组29例患者均手术成功，踝肱指数由术前0.20±0.14增至术后0.71±0.21(t=2.462, P=0.02)。平均随访19个月（3～48个月），一期肢体通畅率82.8%（29/35）。提示复合式手术治疗下肢多节段动脉硬化闭塞症并分期进行，可降低手术难度与复杂性，术后并发症和病死率减少，并可提高手术成功率。     

倒置大隐静脉旁路术重建缺血下肢循环的价值

笔者对 1 8例下肢动脉硬化闭塞症患者采用倒置大隐静脉旁路架桥术重建下肢血液供应。术后 2～ 36个月随访结果显示 ,1 8例术后缺血症状均消失 ,踝肱指数均值由 0 .53升为 0 .89,其中 1 2例术后可扪及静脉移植物搏动 ,严重缺血肢体挽救率 1 0 0 % ,术后 1～ 3年移植血管累计通畅率分别为 94% (1 7/1 8) ,89% (1 6/ 1 8)和 78% (1 4 / 1 8)。提示倒置大隐静脉旁路术是治疗下肢动脉硬化闭塞症的合理手术方式。选择合适的流入道血管 ,积极改善流出道条件 ,增加血流量和血流压力 ,对保证手术疗效及维持血管长期通畅具有重要意义     

微创技术结合外科手术治疗重症下肢缺血

目的 探讨术中血管微创治疗技术结合外科手术治疗重症下肢缺血的初步临床经验。方法 1999年7月至2000年10月,采用术中同时行髂动脉腔内微创治疗技术(球囊扩张和支架植入)结合肢体远端动脉重建术治疗广泛多节段动脉硬化闭塞症15例(20条肢体)。结果 术中17条髂动脉微创介入治疗均获成功,11条肢体同时行股-腘动脉人工血管旁路术,3条肢体行股-股-腘动脉人工血管旁路系列转流术,5条肢体行股深动脉成形术。其中有1条肢体股-腘动脉旁路术失败。本组患者无重要脏器并发症和手术死亡。平均随访时间8个月(1-16个月),髂动脉腔内支架通畅率100％,3条股-股动脉耻骨上人工血管转流均通畅,而股-腘动脉人工血管通畅率78．6％,截肢率10．0％。结论 术中髂动脉腔内微创介入治疗技术同时结合远端动脉重建术是治疗广泛多节段动脉硬化闭塞症的害全右特肯沸．     

联合动静脉瘘对流出道不良患者动脉旁路术通畅率的影响

目的通过对流出道不良患者行动脉旁路术联合动静脉瘘通畅率的分析,强调对流出道不良患者积极手术抢救患肢的重要性,并探讨合理的手术方式。方法回顾性分析行动脉旁路术(ePTFE)联合动静脉瘘手术治疗的26例下肢流出道严重不良患者的临床资料。结果26例(28条肢体)患者中,有14例行浅组(膝部大隐静脉)动静脉瘘,有12例联合行深组(腘、胫腓干、胫后静脉)动静脉瘘。24例获随访,平均随访8个月,近期通畅率两组均为78·6%,远期通畅率深组为78·6%,浅组为57·1%。结论动脉旁路术联合动静脉瘘可提高流出道不良的下肢缺血患者术后通畅率。     

数字减影血管造影辅助下手术治疗下肢动脉人工血管旁路术后再闭塞12例分析

目的 总结数字减影血管造影（DSA）辅助下治疗下肢动脉人工血管旁路术后再闭塞的体会,探索合理的治疗方法。 方法 回顾总结2004年12月至2006年7月烟台市毓璜顶医院血管外科在血管造影辅助下手术治疗下肢动脉人工血管旁路再闭塞12例临床资料,其中单纯人工血管切开取栓4例,人工血管取栓+吻合口成形术8例。 结果 12例病人手术均获得成功,无手术死亡。12例术后定期随访2年。术后2年随访时人工血管通畅9例,保肢11例。 结论 DSA辅助手术治疗下肢人工血管旁路术后再闭塞,对提高人工血管术后通畅率和保肢率有重要作用。     

股动脉支架内再狭窄的腔内治疗进展

正下肢动脉依据其部位及功能分为流入道和流出道血管,股动脉作为流出道的末端以及流入道的起始,对其处理有复杂性和特殊性。股动脉狭窄闭塞是股动脉疾病最为常见的[1]。目前关于股动脉狭窄的外科治疗主要有人工血管转流术、内膜剥脱术、血管腔内治疗等。近年来腔内治疗凭借其微创、快速康复、安全、手术时间短等优势发展迅速,再加上下肢动脉硬化闭塞患者多为老年患者,更进     

升主动脉-腹主动脉转流术治疗成人主动脉缩窄

目的 探讨升主动脉-腹主动脉人工血管转流术治疗成人主动脉缩窄的手术效果、随访结果并总结其临床经验.方法 2008年5月至2009年7月,应用升主动脉-腹主动脉人工血管转流术治疗成人主动脉缩窄9例,其中男4例,女5例;平均年龄42.6岁.所有病人均经桡动脉、足背动脉穿刺测压,根据术前、术后,桡动脉、足背动脉平均压差变化评价手术效果.结果 术后均治愈出院.术前桡动脉足背动脉平均压差36～63 mm Hg(1 mm Hg=0.133 kPa);术后24 h桡动脉足背动脉平均压差0～13 mm Hg,较术前明显缩小.随访1～13个月,术后上、下肢动脉平均压差均小于20 mm Hg,转流人工血管通畅,2例主动脉缩窄远端自体动脉部分闭塞.结论 升主动脉-腹主动脉人工血管转流术是治疗成人主动脉缩窄的有效手段.

Abstract：

Objective To explore the surgical effects and follow-up results in treating adult aortic coarctation patients using ascending aorta-abdominal aorta vascular prosthesis bypass and summarize the clinical experiences. Methods From May 2008 to July 2009, ascending aorta-abdominal aorta vascular prosthesis bypass surgery was performed in nine patients with adult aortic coarctation, among which, four were male, and five were female, with the average age of 42.6 years old. All patients had upper extremity hypertension, the systolic blood pressure difference between their upper extremities and lower extremities was 55 - 100 mm Hg, mean (70.2 ± 15. 6) mm Hg. Among which, seven cases showed descending aorta aneurysmal dilatation at coarctation segment distal end, with the wall thinning; two cases showed long segment stenosis; three cases showed aortic wall near coarctation segment was calcified. All cases belonged to complex aortic coarctation. All patients underwent radial artery and dorsalis pedis artery puncture manometry, the surgical effects were evaluated according to mean pressure difference changes between radial artery and dorsalis pedis artery before and after operations. Results All patients were cured and dispertension has been significantly improved, before operation, the mean pressure difference between radial artery and dorsalis pedis artery was 36 - 63 mm Hg, mean [(48.2 ± 5.6 ) mm Hg]; 24 hours after operation, the mean pressure difference between radial artery and dorsalis pedis artery was 0 - 13 mm Hg, mean [(6.2 ± 1.6) mm Hg], significantly reduced ( P ＜per extremity hypertension disappeared, no need for oral antihypertensive drugs, the mean pressure differences between upper extremities and lower extremities after operations were all less than 20 mm Hg, thoracoabodominal aorta main vessels multi-slice CT examination three months after operation showed that bypass vascular prosthesis was unobetructed, two cases showed that autologous artery at aortic coarctation distal end were partly occluded. Conclusion Ascending aorta-abdominal aorta vascular prosthesis bypass would be an effective means for the treatment of adult aortic coarctation patients.     

肢体动脉急慢性闭塞的彩色多普勒超声诊断

目的 研究彩色多普勒超声诊断肢体动脉急慢性闭塞的临床价值.方法 回顾性分析北京安贞医院血管外科2006-2010年收治的129例肢体动脉闭塞患者的临床资料,其中男性85例,女44例,年龄为17～94岁,平均(62±9)岁.分析39条急性闭塞动脉和97条慢性闭塞动脉的二维、彩色多普勒超声结果,对两组闭塞段管腔内回声、管壁结构、闭塞近远段血流动力学参数及侧支动脉进行对比.结果 急慢性动脉闭塞在闭塞段管壁厚度、内径、闭塞近段阻力指数和侧支动脉方面有统计学意义(P＜0.05).急性动脉闭塞段内径大于慢性闭塞段,而管壁厚度、闭塞近段阻力指数和侧支动脉明显小于慢性闭塞段.超声诊断急慢性动脉闭塞的准确率是95.6%.结论 彩色多普勒超声是鉴别肢体动脉急慢性闭塞有价值的检查手段,能够为临床诊断和手术治疗提供客观依据.

Abstract：

Objective To investigate the clinical value of color Doppler ultrasound examination in the diagonosis of acute and chronic artery occlusion of the extremities. Methods A review was made on 129 extremetiy artery occlusion patients at Anzhen Hospital during 2006 -2010. 85 cases were male, and 44 cases were female. Age was from 17 to 94 years (average: 62 ±9 years). We analyzed two-dimensional and color Doppler flow imagings of 39 acute occlusion arteries and 97 chronic occlusion arteries. We compared factors including the echoes of artery lumens, the vessel wall structures, hemodynamic parameters of inlet and outlet at the occlusion, and collaterals between groups. Results The factors of depths of vessel wall,internal diameters of ccclusion arteries, proximal resistant index and collaterals were significantly different between groups ( P ＜ 0. 05 ). The internal diameters of acute occlusion arteries were wider than chronic occlusion arteries. The depths of vessel wall, proximal resistant index and collaterals were thinner, smaller,and less than chronic occlusion arteries. The total accurate rate of differential diagnosis for acute and chronic artery occlusion by color Doppler ultrasound was 95.6％. Conclusions Color Doppler ultrasound is an effective method for the differential diagnosis of acute and chronic artery occlusion of the extremities.     

The Clinical Utility of Doppler Ultrasound Prior to Arteriovenous Fistula Creation

Arteriovenous fistula (AVF) is the preferred access for long-term hemodialysis, with superior long-term patency rates; however, early failure rates are significant. Recent evidence has brought into question the preferred site of AVF creation in many patient groups. A preoperative test that could reliably predict the outcome of a proposed AVF would be of great benefit. Doppler ultrasound has been the most extensively studied and widely used test to guide access creation. Accurate and validated measurements of internal vessel diameter, both arterial and venous, and blood flow in the upper extremity are obtainable by Doppler ultrasound. Studies evaluating the utility of Doppler ultrasound prior to AVF creation suggest that vessel size and blood flow are predictive of AVF outcome. An AVF created using a cephalic vein and/or radial artery smaller than 1.5–2.0 mm is likely to fail; such preoperative data may indicate that an upper arm AVF should be the primary access attempted. Further prospective studies are needed to evaluate the utility of Doppler ultrasound.     

膨体聚四氟乙烯覆膜支架与裸支架对经颈静脉肝内门体分流术后门静脉系统血流动力学的影响

目的 对比研究膨体聚四氟乙烯(ePTFE)覆膜支架与裸支架对肝硬化门静脉高压症患者经颈静脉肝内门体分流(TIPS)术后门静脉系统血流动力学的影响.方法 对2007年4月至2009年4月收入南京军区总医院普通外科的60例门静脉高压症患者行TIPS术,术中分别应用8mm直径裸支架和8 mm直径ePTFE覆膜支架.术后观察临床疗效,并应用门静脉造影直接测压及彩色多普勒超声监测手术前后及随访过程中门静脉系统血流动力学参数的变化.结果 所有患者均顺利完成TIPS术,术中未出现操作并发症.术后随访裸支架组平均(8±4)个月,覆膜支架组为(6±4)个月.TIPS术后两组门体压力梯度分别下降约60%及58%(t=0.79,P>0.05),术后裸支架组门体压力梯度逐渐上升[(13.2±1.2)mm Hg],而覆膜支架组保持在术后水平[(9.5±2.9)mm Hg],二者之间相比差异有统计学意义,P<0.05.超声多普勒显示TIPS术后覆膜支架组门静脉系统血流速度和流量参数均显著高于裸支架组,肝内分流道流速及流量参数高于裸支架组[(125±20)cm/s比(88±13)cm/s、(1816±380)ml/min比(1074±239)ml/min],差异有统计学意义,P<0.01.结论 ePTFE覆膜支架维持了TIPS术后门静脉系统及分流道内的高速、高流量血流,维持了较低的门体压力梯度,提高了TIPS术后分流道的通畅率.     

蛛网膜下腔注射罗哌卡因与布比卡因运动神经阻滞效力的比较

目的 比较蛛网膜下腔注射罗哌卡因与布比卡因的运动神经阻滞效力.方法 择期脊椎.硬膜外麻醉下拟行泌尿外科腔镜手术患者60例,年龄18～64岁,体重46～75 kg,ASA分级Ⅰ或Ⅱ级,采用随机数字表法,将患者随机分为2组(n=30):0.5%罗哌卡因组和0.5%布比卡因组.按照序贯法进行试验,阻滞有效,下一例患者采用低一级剂量,阻滞无效,下一例患者采用高一级剂量,初始剂量均为4 mg,剂量梯度1 mg,阻滞有效的标准:蛛网膜下腔给药后5或10 min时任一下肢的任一种运动神经阻滞评分>0分.采用序贯法计算蛛网膜下腔注射罗哌卡因或布比卡因运动神经阻滞的半数有效剂量(ED50)及其95%置信区间.结果 患者蛛网膜下腔注射罗哌卡因和布比卡因运动神经阻滞的ED50及其95%置信区间分别为6.68(6.27～7.13)mg和4.07(3.56～4.47)mg,效力比为O.61.结论 患者蛛网膜下腔注射罗哌卡因运动神经阻滞效力低于布比卡因.

Abstract：

Objective To determine the median effective doae (ED50) for motor block after intrathecal ropivacaine and bupivacaine. Methods Sixty ASA Ⅰ or Ⅱ patients, aged 18-64, weighing 46-75 kg, undergoing elective urological surgery under combined spinal-epidural anesthesia, were randomized into 2 groups ( n = 30each) receiving intrathecal 0.5% ropivacaine and 0.5% bupivacaine respectively. The ED50 was determined by up-down sequential allocation. The initial dose was 4 mg. Each time the dose increased/decreased by 1 mg. Efficacy was determined by the occurrence of any motor block in either lower extremity (modified Bromage scale > 0)within 5 or 10 min after the spinal injection. Results The intrathecal ED50 for motor block was 6.68 mg for ropivacaine (95% confidence interval 6.27-7.13 mg) and 4.07 mg for bupivacaine (95% confidence interval 3.56-4.47mg) . The relative motor blocking potency ratio was ropivacaine/bupivacaine 0.61. Conclusion The potency of intrathecal ropivacaine is lower than that of bupivacaine for motor block.     

Prediction of critical lower limb ischemia at the patients with lower limb arteries atherosclerosis

Arterial inflow, venous outflow and microcirculation were studied with ultrasound Doppler, photopletismography and oxygen partial pressure detection at 115 patients with lower limb arteries atherosclerosis and different stages of limb ischemia. Four-level algorithm of critical limb ischemia prediction has been created. First level is the study of arterial inflow. Gradient of regional systolic blood pressure >or=2.0 is the critical parameter. Second level is the study of venous outflow. Critical parameter - gradient of postocclusive venous pressure >or=3.0. Third level is the ratio of arterial and venous blood flow. Venous-arterial index >or=40% demonstrates critical disturbances of macrohemodynamics. Fourth level is the study of microcirculation. If the capillary gradient 相似文献   

区域动脉灌注5-氟尿嘧啶对急性坏死性胰腺炎大鼠胰腺血流的改善作用

目的　探讨区域动脉灌注5-氟尿嘧啶(5-Fu)对急性坏死性胰腺炎(ANP)大鼠胰腺血流(PBF)的改善作用。方法　SD大鼠144只,随机分为对照组(A组)、ANP组(B组)、5-Fu外周静脉注射治疗组(C组)、5-Fu区域动脉灌注治疗组(D组)。用多普勒超声检测PBF,取血测内皮素-1(ET-1)水平、血栓素B2(TXB2)和6-酮-前列腺素F1α(6-K-PGF1α)(T/P)比值,观察胰腺病理变化。结果　术后12h,D组血浆ET-1水平、T/P比值211.08±26.23、6.39±0.65较C组245.17±34.37、7.20±0.83下降明显（P值均＜0.05）,PBF波幅0.21±0.07较C组0.14±0.05改善显著（P＜0.05）,胰腺病理损害程度较C组明显减轻。结论　区域动脉灌注5-Fu能有效逆转ANP大鼠的病理损害,并改善PBF。     

彩色多普勒超声诊断2型糖尿病患者下肢动脉病变

目的分析彩色多普勒超声用于诊断2型糖尿病患者下肢动脉病变的价值。方法对800例2型糖尿病患者的3组下肢动脉：胫前动脉（ATA）、胫后动脉（PTA）和足背动脉（DPA）行彩色多普勒超声检查,从管径、斑块及血流动力学方面进行比较。结果糖尿病患者下肢动脉出现斑块最多、狭窄最严重的是ATA远心端和DPA,PTA斑块相对较少,狭窄较轻。糖尿病包括糖尿病足双侧下肢动脉在管径、管腔最大狭窄率及血流动力学方面差异无统计学意义,病变程度相当。结论彩色多普勒超声在诊断糖尿病下肢动脉病变中具有重要价值,有助于了解血管狭窄程度及血流动力学方面的信息,指导临床治疗。     

下肢深静脉血栓形成导管溶栓术后髂静脉病变支架治疗的前瞻性对照性研究

目的观察下肢深静脉血栓形成(DVT)导管接触性溶栓(CDT)术后髂静脉支架治疗髂静脉病变的疗效。方法本研究为单中心前瞻性随机对照研究。155例下肢DVT患者经CDT治疗后,髂静脉远端主干静脉完全通畅,髂静脉残留狭窄大于50%者中的74例患者随机分为对照组和实验组:实验组45例行髂静脉支架置入,对照组29例髂静脉未置入支架。观察指标:深静脉通畅率,CEAP分类法中临床分级(C)变化,静脉临床严重程度计分(VCSS)变化及生活质量调查表(CIVIQ)评分。结果术后患者均获得随访,随访时间6～24个月。行静脉造影或彩超检查,实验组40例,对照组27例,实验组与对照组的终点通畅率比较差异有统计学意义[87.5%(35/40)vs29.6%(8/27),P<0.05];实验组与对照组的1年累积通畅率比较差异有显著统计学意义(86.0%vs54.8%,P<0.01)。实验组及对照组的CEAP分类法中临床分级(C)术前术后差值比较差异有统计学意义(1.61±0.21vs0.69±0.23,P<0.01)。随访终点实验组及对照组VCSS术后两组差值比较差异有统计学意义(7.57±0.27vs6.56±0.23,P<0.01)。实验组及对照组CIVIQ调查表终点评分比较差异均有统计学意义(22.67±3.01vs39.34±6.66,P<0.01)。结论髂静脉支架对下肢DVT导管溶栓术后治疗髂静脉病变能够提高深静脉的通畅率,提高疗效,提高生活质量。     

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目的 探讨累及重要血管的原发或复发性腹膜后肿瘤切除及受侵犯重要血管的处理方法,以提高肿瘤切除率.方法 总结自1994年7月至2007年6月,86例累及重要血管的原发或复发性腹膜后肿瘤切除及血管重建的经验.结果 获随访81例,随访时间1～157个月,平均6.8年.81例人工血管移植病人中,移植物血栓检塞4例,其中1例左髂动脉移植术后8个月发生血栓栓塞延误就诊左下肢坏疽行左髂关节解脱.3例术后7～12个月髂静脉移植物血栓栓塞,肢体稍肿胀.生存期>1年者74例,>3年者61例,>5年者39例,其余病例尚在随访中.随访中11例肿瘤复发再次切除.结论 切除累及重要血管的原发或复发性腹膜后肿瘤并大血管重建,手术安全,可明显提高切除率,降低复发率,延长存活时间.