经皮穿刺椎体成形术治疗多发性胸椎转移瘤

目的探讨经皮椎体成形术(percutaneous vertebroplasty,PVP)在治疗多发性胸椎转移瘤中的临床应用价值。方法对28例多发性胸椎转移瘤104个椎体在G形臂X线透视下经皮椎体穿刺并注入骨水泥成形,术后疼痛缓解程度应用视觉模拟评分法进行评估分级,采用日常生活自理能力(activity of daily life,ADL)量表对治疗后患者生活质量进行评估,同时观察术后病椎椎体形态学变化和椎管内肿瘤的浸润程度,分别在术后1周、3个月、6个月、12个月进行评价。结果 104个椎体穿刺全部成功,1例1个椎体有造影剂进入相邻椎间盘,无椎管内渗漏和肺栓塞等并发症。PVP后各期疼痛缓解率分别为82.1%(23/28)、89.3%(25/28)、81.5%(22/27)、88.5%(23/26)。根据ADL评分,患者总体生活质量手术前评分(54.3±12.7)分,术后1年提高到(84.3±17.9)分(t=4.562,P=0.008)。PVP后随访椎体前缘、中央、后缘高度与PVP前无统计学差异(P0.05)。结论 PVP治疗多发性胸椎转移瘤安全可行,具有良好的止痛效果,能够有效改善患者的生活质量,并可显著预防椎体进一步塌陷和椎管内浸润,防止脊髓受压产生神经功能障碍。     

经皮椎体成形术治疗多发性胸腰椎椎体转移瘤

目的探讨经皮椎体成形术（percutaneous vertebroplasty,PVP）在治疗多发性胸腰椎椎体转移瘤中的临床应用价值。方法对32例多发性胸腰椎椎体转移瘤患者的78个椎体在C型臂X线机透视下经皮椎体穿刺并注入聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯（polymethyl methacrylate,PMMA）骨水泥成形,术后疼痛缓解程度应用视觉模拟评分法进行评估分级,用日常生活自理能力（activity of daily life,ADL）量表对治疗后患者生活质量进行评估,同时观察术后病椎椎体形态学变化和椎管内肿瘤的浸润程度,分别在术后2周、3个月、6个月、12个月进行评价。结果 78节椎体全部穿刺成功,1例1节椎体有造影剂进入相邻椎间隙,1例1节有椎体前方的渗漏,无椎管内渗漏和肺栓塞等并发症;PVP后各期疼痛缓解率分别为78.1%、84.4%、81.3%、75.0%;根据ADL评分,患者总体生活质量评分由术前的平均54.3分提高到末次随访时的平均84.3分（P〈0.01）;PVP后随访椎体前缘、中央、后缘高度以及椎管内肿瘤浸润与PVP前无差异（P〉0.05）。结论经皮穿刺椎体成形术治疗多发性胸腰椎椎体转移瘤安全可行,具有良好的止痛效果,能够有效改善患者的生活质量,并可显著预防椎体进一步塌陷和椎管内浸润,防止脊髓受压产生神经功能障碍。     

经皮穿刺椎体成形术治疗胸椎转移瘤

[背景]脊柱转移瘤是最常见的骨转移瘤,高达40%的癌症患者发生脊柱转移[1].脊柱转移瘤常常引起椎体骨折、脊柱不稳、脊髓及神经根压迫等及其他合并症.手术治疗的目的在恢复脊柱稳定性的同时解除神经压迫的因素.[方法]从2003年1月～2009年7月,21例胸椎转移瘤患者(女12例,男9例;平均年龄58.3岁)行经皮穿刺椎体成形术PVP(percutaneous vertebmplasty)治疗,并对患者术前、术后(1周、6个月及1年)进行随访调查,通过视觉模拟评分法(VAS)、日常生活自理能力(ADL)量表进行评价.[结果]21例手术均成功,椎体成形术中平均每个椎体骨水泥(PMMA)注射量约(2.9±0.3)ml(I.7-4.1 m1).大部分患者94%(19/21)、88.2%(15/17)、100%(14/14)术后短期及长期均有良好的治疗止痛效果,术前VAS平均8.38±0.653降至术后1年随访内平均2.69±1.75.根据ADL评分,大部分患者无伴疼痛或伴轻微疼痛,其总体生活质量均有所提高.[结论]经皮穿刺椎体成形术(PVP)是缓解胸椎转移瘤引起顽固性疼痛一种安全、有效、简单的治疗手段.其通过增加椎体强度、提高脊椎的稳定性防止病椎塌陷引起的脊髓受压产生的神经功能障碍,同时降低了椎管内肿瘤的浸润.PVP可能成为缓解椎体转移瘤导致疼痛的一种治疗手段.     

经皮椎体成形术治疗多发性骨质疏松性椎体压缩骨折的疗效

目的探讨经皮椎体成形术(PVP)治疗多发性骨质疏松性椎体压缩骨折(OVCF)的安全性及有效性。方法对31例多发性OVCF的老年患者(106个椎体)行PVP治疗。采用疼痛VAS评分评价临床疗效;观察并发症情况。结果 1例患者因术中透视不佳未能完成手术,30例患者顺利完成手术。30例均随访3个月。术后患者疼痛明显减轻,术后、术后1个月、术后3个月VAS评分与术前比较差异均有统计学意义(P 0. 05)。4例术后复查CT发现骨水泥椎管少许渗漏,均未见神经压迫症状; 1例出现肋间神经痛,给予营养神经等对症处理,1个月后症状消失; 3例出现骨水泥向椎间隙少许渗漏,6例出现骨水泥向椎旁软组织少许渗漏,术后均未见明显症状。结论 PVP治疗多发性OVCF安全、有效。     

经皮椎体成形术治疗胸腰椎体转移瘤

目的 探讨经皮椎体成形术(percutaneous vertebroplasty,PVP)治疗胸腰椎体转移瘤的临床疗效及安全性.方法 在C臂X线机透视下采用经皮单侧椎弓根穿刺注入PMMA(聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯)于受累椎体内进行止痛治疗,同时进行肿瘤个体化的综合治疗以及抗骨质疏松治疗.共22例26个受累椎体,其中胸椎11例,腰椎8例,胸腰椎两个椎体受累共有2例,胸腰椎3个椎体受累1例.所有患者均有不同程度的骨质疏松症及较重难以忍受的腰背部疼痛,2例有轻度神经根症状.对治疗后1周,3月,6月,12月患者疼痛程度采用视觉模拟评分法(visual-analogue-scale-scores,VAS)进行评估,观察对比手术前后活动能力、生活自理能力的变化及病椎的形态学变化和骨密度变化,评价治疗效果.结果 本组26个椎体全部穿刺成功,骨水泥渗透4例,椎间盘及椎体前缘渗漏3例,椎管内渗漏1例,未出现神经根症状.患者PVP手术后1周,3月,6月,12月各时间点VAS评分疼痛缓解率均大于80%,活动能力和生活质量评分也明显改善,随访12个月内生存患者有19例,胸腰椎疼痛未见加重,病椎高度未见明显压缩,亦未见肿瘤浸润加重.骨质疏松程度未见加重,5例由OP好转为骨量减少.结论 PVP治疗胸腰椎体转移瘤具有对患者机体干扰小,止痛效果显著,手术简单,相对安全,可以预防病椎的进一步骨折和塌陷,提高患者生活质量等优点,疗效满意,是综合治疗胸腰椎转移瘤的一种有效补充.     

观察采用联合介入技术治疗椎体转移瘤的疗效

目的评价经皮椎体成形术（PVP）联合TACE治疗椎体转移瘤的安全性及其疗效。方法收集23例椎体转移性肿瘤患者共42个椎体,先后行PVP和TACE治疗。应用“视觉模拟评分法”评估术后疼痛缓解程度,采用改良Bar-thel指数法评估患者日常生活能力。结果23例患者均顺利完成手术,术后1h、1周及3个月疼痛缓解有效率分别为95．65％（22／23）、86．96％（20／23）、82．61％（19／23）。术后日常生活能力明显高于术前（P〈0．01）,术前与术后椎体高度差异均无统计学意义（P〉0．05）。1个椎体有骨水泥进入相邻椎间盘,无椎管内渗漏和肺栓塞等并发症发生。结论PVP联合TACE治疗椎体转移性肿瘤安全、有效,可以改善患者的生活质量,并降低肿瘤浸润的发生。     

不同术式治疗对脊柱转移瘤患者术后疼痛、生存质量及3年存活时间比较

正脊柱是恶性肿瘤常见骨转移部位,约占全部骨转移瘤的5%~10%[1]。经皮穿刺椎体成形术(PVP)则为脊柱转移瘤治疗新型微创术式,其通过穿刺针经皮穿刺自椎体内注入骨水泥,可快速改善脊柱转移瘤患者胸腰背部疼痛程度,恢复椎体强度,提升椎体稳定性,避免椎体塌陷,且创伤小,止痛效果显著[2]。目前对PVP与传统钉棒系统联合骨水泥成形术对脊柱转移瘤患者生存情况的影响尚少见报道。因此,为探讨上述     

经皮椎体成形术治疗脊柱转移癌

目的：探讨经皮椎体成形术(PVP)治疗脊柱转移癌的疗效和并发症的防治。方法：采用PVP治疗脊柱转移癌患者15例(病椎22节)，包括颈椎5例、颈椎合并胸椎1例、胸椎3例、胸腰椎同时存在1例、腰椎4例、骶尾椎合并髂骨1例。所有患者术后1～2周进行病椎放疗。结果：15例中21节病椎施术成功。术后3个月以上随访病椎部位疼痛完全消失12例，轻微疼痛3例。术后X线和CT复查发现病椎的肿瘤区域18节被骨水泥完全均匀充填加固，3节大部充填。术后15节病椎发生骨水泥外漏，1例颈椎患者术后出现声音嘶哑和吞咽困难．1例骶尾椎合并髂骨转移癌患者术后出现双足底麻木，均经保守治疗1周症状消失。结论：PVP治疗脊柱转移癌能够凝滞病变、固化椎体、缓解疼痛，结合放疗是一种治疗脊柱转移癌效果较好的微创技术。     

高粘度骨水泥PVP或PKP结合体位复位治疗胸腰椎骨质疏松性椎体压缩骨折的疗效观察

目的观察高粘度骨水泥经皮椎体成形术(PVP)和经皮椎体后凸成形术(PKP)结合体位复位治疗胸腰椎骨质疏松性椎体压缩骨折的安全性和有效性。方法回顾性分析自2015-03—2015-07采用Stryker公司高粘度骨水泥行PVP或PKP结合体位复位治疗胸腰椎骨质疏松性椎体压缩骨折25例,经后路单侧椎弓根穿刺注入高粘度骨水泥。结果单个椎体手术时间平均31(20~40)min,单个椎体术中出血量平均10 ml,每个椎体注入骨水泥5~11(8.7±1.9)ml。6个椎体发生骨水泥渗漏,其中3例渗入邻近椎间隙,2例渗入椎体前方,1例渗入椎旁的软组织内,患者均未出现明显神经症状,无椎管内渗漏。所有患者均获得平均6个月随访,术后患者腰背部疼痛症状明显改善甚至消失。术后伤椎椎体前缘高度、椎体中央高度增加,后凸Cobb角减小,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论高粘度骨水泥行PVP或PKP结合体位复位治疗胸腰椎骨质疏松性椎体压缩骨折安全有效。     

椎体成形术和椎体后凸成形术术后骨水泥渗漏的临床观察及分析

目的对骨质疏松性胸腰椎骨折行经皮椎体成形术(percutaneous vertebroplasty,PVP)和经皮椎体后凸成形术(percutaneous kyphoplasty,PKP)治疗术后骨水泥渗漏进行临床观察及分析。方法回顾性分析2010年1月至2014年10月治疗胸腰段骨质疏松性椎体压缩骨折78例共93个椎体,其中随机分为PVP组31例36个椎体,PKP组47例57个椎体。通过术后腰椎X线片和CT检查观察患者骨水泥渗漏情况,并按椎体外骨水泥渗漏的解剖位置分6型,分别为无渗漏型、椎旁渗漏型、椎间盘渗漏型、椎管渗漏型、椎弓根渗漏型,混合渗漏型(包含两种或两种以上渗漏)。结果术后所有患者行腰椎X线片和CT检查,发现PVP组发生骨水泥外漏12椎(33.33%),PKP组发生骨水泥外漏10椎(17.60%),其中PVP组6椎为椎旁渗漏型,2椎为椎间盘渗漏型,1椎为椎管渗漏型,2椎为椎弓根渗漏型,1椎为混合渗漏型(为椎旁渗漏合并椎管渗漏);PKP组5椎为椎旁渗漏型,2椎为椎管渗漏型,1椎为椎弓根渗漏型,2椎为混合渗漏型(1椎为椎旁渗漏合并椎管渗漏,1椎椎弓根渗漏合并椎管渗漏),2椎混合型渗漏患者出现神经症状,急诊行手术取出椎管内渗漏水泥后症状缓解。所有渗漏患者随访3~6个月,均未再次出现神经症状及后遗症。结论PVP和PKP相比较,前者骨水泥渗漏发生率较高,尤其以椎旁渗漏及椎管渗漏最为多见。     

单侧椎弓根外入路经皮椎体成形和后凸成形术治疗高位胸椎转移性肿瘤

[目的]探讨单侧椎弓根外入路经皮椎体成形(percutaneous vertebroplasty,PVP)和后凸成形术(percuta-neous kyphoplasty,PKP)治疗高位胸椎转移性肿瘤椎体破坏的可行性和安全性,评价临床疗效。[方法]2008年3月,1例T1~3肺癌转移,男性,59岁,诊断肺癌8个月,上胸椎及左侧肩部剧烈疼痛6个月,药物镇痛效果不佳,无手术可能。使用国产PVP和PKP工具包,采用局部麻醉,在透视引导下单侧椎弓根外入路完成T2和T3椎体强化。随访观察治疗效果。[结果]手术过程顺利,T3和T2椎体分别进行PKP和PVP治疗,T1椎体因患者不能继续耐受而放弃。T3椎体PKP时间57 min,骨水泥填充量1.9 ml,T2椎体PVP时间49 min,骨水泥填充量1.5 ml。T2椎体左侧椎弓根破坏骨水泥外漏但无临床症状,无其它并发症发生。患者术后5 d出院。术前、术后2 d和3个月随访时VAS评分分别为10分、3分和6分,使用镇痛药物可控制疼痛。[结论]单侧椎弓根外入路PVP和PKP是治疗高位胸椎转移性肿瘤的安全有效方法,能够有效缓解疼痛。     

四步法单侧入路椎体成形术在胸椎骨质疏松性骨折中的应用

目的探讨四步法单侧入路的经皮椎体成形术(PVP)在胸椎骨质疏松性骨折中的应用。方法运用四步法,对胸椎骨质疏松性骨折椎体进行单侧入路的经皮椎体成形术,计录手术时间,观察骨水泥弥散分布情况,在术前、术后3 d、术后12个月随访时进行疼痛视觉类比评分(VAS)。结果18例21个椎体操作均成功,手术时间10~25 min,平均(16±2.2)min,骨水泥在椎体内弥散分布均越过椎体中线,VAS评分由术前(8.5±1.2)分降低至(2.5±1.4)分,术后效果良好。结论四步法单侧入路椎体成形术治疗胸椎骨质疏松性骨折简单快速、安全有效。     

经皮椎体成形术治疗症状性胸、腰椎体血管瘤

目的探讨经皮椎体成形术（percutaneous vertebroplasty，PVP）治疗症状性椎体血管瘤的临床疗效。方法2002年12月。2005年4月共治疗10例，其中胸椎6例，腰椎4例，均在数字减影血管造影引导下进行，单侧或双侧椎弓根入路进针。PMMA按粉、液及造影剂比例为3：2：1进行调配，“牙膏期”用螺旋式加压装置推入，骨水泥注射量胸椎为4—6ml，平均4．8ml，耀椎为5～8ml。平均6．0ml。结果10例PVP顺利完成，手术时间25—60min，平均39．5min。术中出血量10-50ml，平均19．6ml。无骨水泥渗漏、肺动脉栓塞等并发症发生。10例术后随访2—30个月，平均18个月，9例症状体征消失。未出现新的椎体压缩性骨折，血管瘤无复发；1例L3血管瘤术后1年仍感腰部轻度阵发性隐痛，但可正常生活工作，无神经功能障碍出现。结论经皮椎体成形术是治疗症状性椎体血管瘤的安全有效的微创手术。     

经皮椎体成形术治疗C2椎体转移性肿瘤

目的探讨经皮C2椎体成形术的方法和效果。方法1例49岁的男性肺癌患者和1例45岁的女性乳腺癌患者,出现C2椎体转移,均有明显的颈部疼痛,女性患者因疼痛已不能下床行走1个月。采取在CT引导下,用13G骨穿针,由颈椎侧方经椎动脉与颈动脉鞘之间的间隙穿刺到C2椎体内,分别注入骨水泥(聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯,PMMA)3 ml和3.5 ml。结果术后CT扫描显示骨水泥在椎体内填充分布好,无骨水泥外漏。术后两例的疼痛均有不同程度缓解,1周后疼痛完全消失,女性患者能下地自由行走。男性患者半年后死于多个器官转移引起的全身衰竭。女性患者术后配合放化疗,随访至今1年多,无任何不适。结论在CT引导下,采取颈椎侧方入路,经椎动脉与颈动脉鞘之间的间隙,行经皮椎体成形术是一种安全、有效治疗C2椎体转移性肿瘤的方法。     

Combination treatment of vertebral metastases using image-guided percutaneous radiofrequency ablation and vertebroplasty: a case report

BACKGROUND: We describe a case of vertebral metastases treated with a combination of percutaneous radiofrequency ablation (RFA) and vertebroplasty in a single session. CASE DESCRIPTION: A 45-year-old female with recently diagnosed metastatic non-small cell lung cancer was referred for consideration of vertebroplasty after having several weeks of back pain. Computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging scans of the thoracic spine revealed metastatic lesions at the T9 and T12 bodies. Radiofrequency ablation was performed using a starburst array electrode (Rita Medical Systems, Mountain View, Calif). The metastatic lesion in the T9 vertebral body measured 1.5 x 1.5 cm and was heated to 100 degrees C for 5 minutes. Vertebroplasty was then performed on this lesion as well as a lesion at T12 with no complications. The patient was discharged home the same day without complaints. CONCLUSION: Radiofrequency ablation and vertebroplasty are minimally invasive procedures that can be used in combination to treat spinal metastases. The pain relief from these treatments is often immediate. RFA can also be used to minimize procedure-related complications during the vertebroplasty. In properly selected patients, RFA may also increase the duration of local spinal stabilization afforded by the vertebroplasty alone. Long-term studies are warranted to assess the efficacy and durability of this unique approach.     

Modified unilateral transpedicular percutaneous vertebroplasty for treatment of osteoporotic vertebral compression fractures

Objective: To comparatively assess the clinical outcome of modified unilateral percutaneous vertebroplasty for the treatment of osteoporotic vertebral compression fractures. Methods: The clinical outcome and incidence of cement extrusion in a consecutive group of 70 patients at our institution between December 2005 and December 2008 was retrospectively reviewed. Thirty‐five patients were randomly distributed to modified percutaneous vertebroplasty (Group A) and 35 to traditional percutaneous vertebroplasty (Group B). A visual analog scale (VAS) was used on the first post‐operative day and 1 year later to assess the severity of pain before and after vertebroplasty. The incidence of cement extrusion on CT scan was also compared between the two groups. Results: The treatment was successful in all seventy patients. The incidence of cement extrusion was 14.29% (5/35 patients) in group A, and 37.12% (13/35 patients) in group B, this difference being statistically significant (P < 0.05). No patients had serious complications. Complete pain relief was achieved in 50 patients, and significant relief in the other 20 (20/70 patients). There was no statistically significant difference between Groups A and B. Conclusion: Modified percutaneous vertebroplasty enhances the accuracy of cement injection into the center of the vertebral body, increasing the safety of the procedure with no increase in cost. It is a safer and more easily performed technique for treating patients with osteoporotic vertebral compression fractures than traditional percutaneous vertebroplasty.     

Vertebroplasty in the treatment of vertebral tumors: postprocedural outcome and quality of life

The results of percutaneous vertebroplasty with polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) of vertebral metastases were evaluated by a retrospective review of a consecutive series of 21 patients, with special reference to functional outcome. Patients complained of vertebral pain in all cases. Walking was impossible for 13 patients. Ten patients presented neurological deficit. Treatment included percutaneous vertebroplasty in all patients, radiotherapy in 15 patients and neural decompression surgery in 3 patients. Mean duration of hospitalization was 14.1 days (range 2-60 days) and the mean follow-up was 5.6 months (range 1-18 months). Preprocedural pain, measured by the visual analog scale (VAS), was 9.1, decreasing to 3.2 after the procedure and 2.8 at the last follow-up visit. Morphinics were discontinued in 7 of 14 patients following discharge from hospital. Ten out of 13 (77%) patients recovered walking capacity. Neurological status improved in three out of five patients. No further vertebral compression occurred in the vertebrae treated. Overall, 81% of the patients in this study were satisfied or very satisfied with the procedure. One patient (5%) had transitory radicular neuritis after the procedure. No major complications were observed. In conclusion, percutaneous vertebroplasty with PMMA proved to be safe and beneficial, providing significant and early improvement in the functional status of patients with spinal metastasis.     

Treatment of pain from osteoporotic vertebral collapse by percutaneous PMMA vertebroplasty

Summary Background. Vertebral compression fractures are common complications in advanced osteoporosis. In general, this disease of the elderly patient is characterized by severe local back pain. Pathophysiologically, bony instability triggers local pain during body movement. Serious pain immobilizes the patients and forces them to bed rest. As a result, complications like thrombosis or pneumonia occur. Invasive treatment with surgical instrumentation for vertebral stabilization is not indicated in elderly patients especially with additional diseases.The purpose of this study was to test the hypothesis that percutaneous polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) vertebroplasty significantly reduces pain due to vertebral collapse in osteoporotic patients and improves quality of life.Methods. A total of 38 patients with osteoporotic vertebral compression fractures of the thoracic and lumbar spine were treated by PMMA vertebroplasty. After admission, before discharge from the hospital, six weeks, half a year and one year later patients answered the Oswestry Low Back Pain Disability (OLBPD) Questionnaire for assessment of treatment related change in disability. In all patients percutaneous vertebroplasty was performed under local anesthesia.Findings. A total of 92% of patients reported a significant pain reduction immediately after treatment. Also one year after vertebroplasty pain remained significantly reduced. Vertebroplasty was highly beneficial for patients with pain related to local instability of the spine. Extravasation of PMMA beyond the vertebral margins was observed in 26% of the cases. No treatment related clinical or neurological complications were noticed.Interpretation. PMMA vertebroplasty is a useful and safe method of pain relief which rapidly regains quality of life for patients with osteoporotic vertebral compression.     

经皮椎体成形术的临床应用及近期疗效

目的：总结经皮椎体成形术(percutaneous vertebroplasty，PVP)的临床应用方法、经验及疗效。方法：用比利时Sehering-Plongh公司生产的Palacos骨水泥，按生产厂家的提示，经椎弓根注入胸腰段受损伤的压缩骨折椎体，共44例。对比术前、后的体征变化，并随访一年。结果：所有患疼痛症状术后均有所缓解，其中明显缓解43例，部分缓解1例。结论：PVP对脊柱损伤后的止疼和被压缩骨折而无明显移位的椎体的形态复原和功能重建、以及合并轻微神经症状的恢复，提供了一种较好的微创治疗方法。