严重胸部外伤130例临床分析

目的：探讨胸部外伤的诊断及治疗方法。方法：对130例胸外伤的诊断及治疗情况进行临床分析。结果：治愈124例,死亡6例,占4.6%,死亡病例均伴有重要脏器的损伤,其中包括重型颅脑损伤2例,肝、脾破裂失血性休克3例,死于心脏穿通伤1例,多器官功能障碍综合征（MODS）2例。结论：胸部外伤多呈重症、急症、危症,尽快明确诊断,优先处理致命伤,正确地处理是提高胸外伤抢救成功的关键。     

老年胸外伤后动脉血气变化临床分析

目的:探讨老年胸外伤后动脉血气改变及其影响因素.方法:回顾性分析 275例生存超过24 h的老年胸外伤动脉血气指标,计算肺泡气-动脉血氧分压差(A-aDO2)、呼吸指数(RI)和氧合指数(OI),分析影响因素,包括创伤严重度ISS分值、急性生理学与慢性健康状况评分系统Ⅱ(APACHEⅡ)评分、休克持续时间、合并伤、伤前合并症以及并发症等.结果:危重伤组(ISS≥40)和重伤组(16≤ISS＜40)与轻伤对照组(ISS＜16)比较,PaO2、SaO2和OI均显著下降,但动脉血PaCO2仅有轻度增加.伤后低氧血症均随时间推移而逐渐纠正,OI及RI在各伤员发生变化的时间和情况有所不同,各组A-aDO2下降及OI升高均有显著差异,甚至危重伤病人OI在72 h内还有一定下降趋势.发生MODS伤员各时间点与NMODS组RI与OI均有显著差异.合并脑外伤后,格拉斯哥评分(GCS)≤8、休克持续时间≥4 h、合并慢性阻塞性肺疾病(COPD)、糖尿病,在受伤后早期易发生低氧血症且较严重,OI上升速度较慢.结论:动脉血气指标在老年胸外伤后早期即发生异常,其变化与创伤严重度评分(ISS)、APACHEⅡ评分、GCS评分、休克持续时间、伤前合并症以及是否并发MODS等合并症等有关.     

严重闭合性腹部损伤急救体会

闭合性腹部损伤（BAI）是I临床常见的损伤之一，死亡率为10％一20％。严重BAI多脏器损伤和多发伤大多伤情复杂、危重、变化快，且合并创伤性、失血性休克（THS），极易引起腹腔间隔室综合征（ACS）、全身炎性反应综合征（SIRS）和多器官功能障碍综合征（MODS），最终导致死亡。     

胸外伤并发急性呼吸衰竭的高危因素分析

目的探讨胸外伤与急性呼吸衰竭（ＡＲＦ）的关系。方法回顾性分析６年来收治的２６４例胸外伤及合并多发伤的临床资料，ＡＲＦ为因变量，与其相关的１２项因素为自变量进行统计学分析，以确定ＡＲＦ的高危因素。结果多变量分析显示收缩压、呼吸频率、ＰａＯ２、ＰａＣＯ２、血气胸、腹内伤、骨折、呼吸系统并存病［慢性阻塞性肺疾病（ＣＯＰＤ）、肺炎］、ＩＳＳ值为ＡＲＦ的高危因素。单变量分析揭示年龄≥６０岁、肋骨骨折≥４根时与ＡＲＦ有密切相关性。结论对具有高危因素的患者应警惕ＡＲＦ的发生。     

胸外伤并发急性呼吸窘迫综合征26例防治体会

我院近 1 0年共收治严重胸外伤并发急性呼吸窘迫综合征 (ａｃｕｔｅｒｅｓｐｉｒａｔｏｒｙｄｉｓｔｒｅｓｓｙｎｄｒｏｍｅ ,ＡＲＤＳ) 2 6例 ,占同期收住胸外伤病人的 8 4 % ,治愈 2 0例 ,死亡6例。1　临床资料1 1　一般情况　本组男 2 2例 ,女 4例 ;年龄 1 361岁 ,平均 4 2岁。车祸伤 1 6例 ,挤压伤 9例 ,坠落伤 1例。单侧多发肋骨骨折 1 7例 ,双侧肋骨骨折 9例。合并连枷胸、肺挫伤 1 2例 ,合并腹部脏器伤 9例 ;合并长骨或骨盆骨折 6例 ;合并颅脑损伤 4例。伴休克 1 4例 ,多脏器功能障碍 5例。1 2　发生ＡＲＤＳ时间　伤后 1 2 2 4ｈ…     

多发伤患者死亡危险因素分析

目的 探讨多发伤患者死亡危险因素.方法 回顾性分析1 680例多发伤患者的临床资料,筛选单个危险因素,应用COX模型进行多因素回归分析,确定引起多发伤患者死亡的相关危险因素.结果 本组多发伤患者死亡率为9.23%.单因素分析结果显示,颅脑损伤、ISS≥16分、创伤后心脏骤停、低血压、急性肺损伤(ALI)/ARDS、机械通气、低体温、肺部感染、严重脓毒症、感染性休克、高钠血症、急性肾功能不全(ARF)、高胆红素血症、血小板减少、MODS、入院第1天输液总量≥5 L等危险因素与多发伤患者死亡密切相关(P＜0.01).多因素综合分析显示,严重颅脑损伤(GCS≤8分)、ISS≥16分、创伤早期心脏骤停、MODS(受累器官数≥3个)及感染性休克等是多发伤患者死亡的独立危险因素.结论 充分认识多发伤患者死亡危险因素,及时采取恰当的临床对策,可能是降低多发伤死亡率的关键.     

重度胸外伤合并多发伤的一期手术治疗

目的　探讨一期手术治疗重度胸外伤合并多发伤的可行性及优越性。方法　对 5 1例多发伤患者创伤程度、一期手术治疗的抢救方法、术后并发症以及死亡情况进行回顾性分析。结果　ISS≥2 5者 3 9例 ,1 6相似文献   

胃肠穿孔伴脓毒性休克患者ARDS危险因素分析

目的 探讨胃肠穿孔后脓毒性休克患者急性呼吸窘迫综合征（ARDS）的危险因素.方法 收集2005年7月~2012年10月在我科手术后进入中心ICU的99例胃肠穿孔伴脓毒性休克患者临床资料,回顾性分析发生ARDS的相关危险因素.结果发生ARDS 47例（69.16%）,死亡19例（19.19%）.单因素分析显示,年龄≥65岁、APACHE Ⅱ≥15、BMI≥30 kg/m^2、吸烟指数≥400支/年、穿孔时间≥8 h、休克且持续时间≥4 h、术中复苏液量≥3000 ml、入ICU时乳酸水平≥2.5 μmol/L、结肠穿孔、合并糖尿病和/或COPD以及首次血/痰细菌培养阳性等,是胃肠穿孔后ARDS的独立高危因素.结论 胃肠穿孔后早期监测和控制这些高危因素,可以降低ARDS发生率.     

450例胸部创伤诊治分析

目的　总结开放性及闭合性胸外伤的救治特点。方法　回顾分析 1996～ 2 0 0 2年收治的 4 5 0例胸部创伤患者的临床资料 ,比较开放性及闭合性胸外伤的伤情及诊治特点。结果　治愈 4 2 9例 ,死亡 19例 ,慢性脓胸 2例。结论　 (1)胸部锐器伤伤情变化快 ,休克发生率高 ,快速探查伤情、果断手术是提高治愈率的关键 ;(2 )闭合性胸外伤合并伤发生率高 ,伤情判断较复杂 ,应重视合并伤的诊治 ,特别是颅脑伤及腹腔脏器伤 ;闭合性胸外伤的主要治疗方向为连枷胸、肺挫伤及合并伤的治疗     

创伤后多器官功能障碍综合征98例

目的 探讨创伤后多器官功能障碍综合征（MODS）的特点及治疗。方法 回顾分析98例MODS患者衰竭器官数量、治疗方法及病死率。结果 98例MODS患者共有284个器官衰竭,死亡46例（46．9％）,其中2个器官衰竭死亡率17％,3个为44％,4个为96％、休克53例,感染42例;最多 见且最早衰竭的器官为肺（63例）。结论 （1）MODS患者衰竭器官的数量越多,死亡率越高;（2）休克、感染为常见的促发因素;（3）积极处理原发伤、加强对休克、感染的早期处理,全面兼顾并预防性保护各器官功能,对防治MODS有重要作用。     

Knee injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS) - validation of a Swedish version

The Knee injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS) is a self-administered instrument measuring outcome after knee injury at impairment, disability, and handicap level in five subscales. Reliability, validity, and responsiveness of a Swedish version was assessed in 142 patients who underwent arthroscopy because of injury to the menisci, anterior cruciate ligament, or cartilage of the knee. The clinimetric properties were found to be good and comparable to the American version of the KOOS. Comparison to the Short Form-36 and the Lysholm knee scoring scale revealed expected correlations and construct validity. Item by item, symptoms and functional limitations were compared between diagnostic groups. High responsiveness was found three months after arthroscopic partial meniscectomy for all subscales but Activities of Daily Living.     

Endovascular management of carotid-cavernous fistulas

Objective To investigate endovascular treatment of traumatic direct carotid-cavernous fistulas （CCF） and their complications such as pseudoaneurysms. Methods： Over a five-year period, 22 patients with traumatic direct CCFs were treated endovascularly in our institution. Thirteen patients were treated once with the result of CCF occluded, 8 twice and 1 three times. Treatment modalities included balloon occlusion of the CCF, sacrifice of the ipsilateral internal carotid artery with detachable balloon, coll embolization of the cavernous sinus and secondary pseudoaneurysms, and covered-stem management of the pseudoaneurysms. Results All the direct CCFs were successfully managed endovascularly. Four patients developed a pseudoaneurysm after the occlusion of the CCF with an incidence of pseudoaneurysm formation of 18.2% （4/22）. A total number of 8 patients experienced permanent occlusion of the ICA with a rate of ICA occlusion reaching 36.4% （8/22）. Followed up through telephone consultation from 6 months to 5 years, all did well with no recurrence of CCF symptoms and signs. Conclusion Traumatic direct CCFs can be successfully managed with endovascular means. The pseudoaneurysms secondary to the occlusion of the CCFs can be occluded with stent-assisted coiling and implantation of covered stents.     

The role of interventional radiology in trauma

Introduction Interventional Radiology has evolved into a specialty having enormous input into the care of the traumatized patient.In all hospitals,regardless of size,the Interventional Radiologist must consider their relationships with the trauma service in order to     

Diagnóstico ecográfico del neumotórax

The ultrasonographic diagnosis of pneumothorax is based on the analysis of artifacts. It is possible to confirm or rule out pneumothorax by combining the following signs: lung sliding, the A and B lines, and the lung point. One fundamental advantage of lung ultrasonography is its easy access in any critical situation, especially in patients in the intensive care unit. For this reason, chest ultrasonography can be used as an alternative to plain-film X-rays and computed tomography in critical patients and in patients with normal plain films in whom pneumothorax is strongly suspected, as well as to evaluate the extent of the pneumothorax and monitor its evolution.     

Carbohydrate Supplementation during Exercise: Does It Help? How Much is Too Much?

KEY POINTS· Carbohydrate intake during exercise can delay the onset of fatigue and improve performance of prolonged exercise as well as exercise of shorter duration and greater intensity (e.g., continuous exercise lasting about 1h and intermittent high-intensity exercise), but the mechanisms by which performance is improved are different.     

The acutely limping child

Acute limping may be the result of multiple pathologies in children. The differential diagnosis varies based on the age of the child. Irrespective of age, the initial imaging work-up includes AP and frog leg radiographs of the pelvis and ultrasound; MRI may sometimes be helpful. In children less than 3 years, infections and trauma are most frequent. MRI is the imaging modality of choice when osteomyelitis is clinically suspected. Between the ages of 3 and 10 years, transient synovitis of the hip and Legg-Calvé-Perthes disease are main considerations but infection, inflammation and focal bony lesions are also considered. In children over 10 years, slipped capital femoral epiphysis also is considered.