2002-2009年上海市人群肠道寄生虫病监测点监测结果分析

目的 了解和分析2002-2009年上海市居民肠道寄生虫的感染状况和变化趋势,为今后的防治工作提供科学依据.方法 在全市范围内设立监测点,以本市居民为监测对象,应用改良加藤法、直接碘涂片法和试管滤纸培养法进行寄生虫学检查.结果 8年共粪检35 186人,查到8种肠道寄生虫,平均感染率为0.52%,年均下降幅度为8.32%.郊区人群的感染率(0.79%)高于中心城区(0.11%),两者差异有统计学意义(χ2=73.89,P＜0.001);郊区和中心城区2005-2009年监测的感染率较2002-2004年分别下降了30.39%和88.0%,差异有统计学意义(χ2郊区=4.68,P＜0.05;中心城区=13.93,P＜0.001);女性感染率(0.61%)显著高于男性(0.41%),两者差异有统计学意义(χ2=6.43,P＜0.05);60岁以上年龄组(0.66%～0.93%)和农民(0.92%)的感染率较高,人群感染率有随文化程度的增高呈下降趋势(χ2=53.36,P＜0.001).结论 上海市肠道寄生虫病监测点人群感染率已连续7年低于1%,表明肠道寄生虫感染已不是威胁上海市居民健康的主要危险因素,但在经济相对落后的郊区县仍应重视预防控制工作,老年人及农民为防治的重点人群.     

兰山区健康人群及手足口病例密接人群肠道病毒带毒率调查

目的 了解兰山区健康人群及手足口病病例密接人群中肠道病毒的感染情况,为制定手足口病预防和控制策略提供科学的依据.方法 采用多层整群抽样方法,在兰山区选择城区托幼机构和农村各1处,分别于2010年4、6、9月份对健康儿童及其监护人采集大便标本;对2起手足口病聚集性疫情密切接触者采集大便标本.用荧光定量PCR进行肠道病毒核酸检测.结果 846名健康者的肠道病毒阳性检出率为13.12％(111/846);4、6、9月份健康儿童的肠道病毒感染率分别为13.56％、21.89％、15.71％,各月份肠道病毒感染率比较无统计学意义(x2=5.53,P＞0.05);农村儿童阳性率为19.50％,城区托幼儿童为15.18％,二者比较无统计学意义(x2=1.86,P＞0.05);各年龄组肠道病毒感染率比较有统计学意义(x2 =34.56,P＜0.01),3岁年龄组中肠道病毒感染率最高,5岁年龄组最低;2起手足口病例疫情密切接触者带毒率为2.86％.结论 在健康人群及手足口病聚集性疫情的密切接触人群中均存在肠道病毒感染情况.     

重庆市城市与农村儿童蛲虫感染流行特征分析

目的 了解重庆市城市与农村地区儿童的蛲虫流行特征.方法 选择重庆市城区和农村各1个区县作为调查点,每个调查点按东、西、南、北、中抽取1个乡镇(街道),每个乡镇(街道)抽取150名3～12岁儿童,每个点750名以上.采用圆底试管透明胶纸肛拭法,定性检查蛲虫卵.分析比较城市和农村地区儿童蛲虫感染率差异.结果 重庆市儿童蛲虫感染率为6.85％,城市(2.14％)低于农村地区(12.13％)(x2=62.14,P＜0.01).城市及农村儿童的性别间比较,蛲虫感染率差异无统计学意义(x2城市=0.21,x2农村=1.32,P均＞0.05);同一性别间,城市与农村间比较,差异均有统计学意义(P均＜0.01).城市、农村不同年龄组间儿童感染率比较差异有统计学意义(x2城市＝12.65,x2农村=34.22,P均＜0.01);在同一年龄组间比较,除11～岁组外,其他年龄组间比较,差异均有统计学意义(P均＜0.01).城市各个年龄段儿童蛲虫感染率变动不大(x2趋势=0.89,P＞0.05);农村儿童感染率趋势随年龄的增加而降低(x2趋势=3.36,P＜0.01).结论 重庆市城市与农村儿童蛲虫感染具有不同特征,应针对不同地区、不同人群采取适宜的防治措施.     

广州市海珠区学龄前儿童蛲虫感染情况调查

目的了解广州市海珠区学龄前儿童蛲虫感染情况,为蛲虫病防治提供可靠依据。方法用透明胶纸粘贴法,对506名3～6岁儿童进行蛲虫感染检查,并用问卷调查法了解512名儿童和家长的蛲虫病防治知识知晓率及健康行为形成率。结果 506名学龄前儿童的蛲虫感染率为2.96%,男女童感染率差异无统计学意义(χ2=0.586,P=0.444);城乡结合部幼儿园儿童感染率高于城区幼儿园(χ2=11.220,P=0.001);年龄越大感染率越高(χ2=10.380,P=0.001);发现有班级聚集感染的现象。512名居民的蛲虫病防治知识知晓率为97.26%,小学生高于成人(χ2=4.386,P=0.036),而城区与城乡结合部居民之间差异无统计学意义(χ2=0.035,P=0.851);蛲虫病防治健康行为形成率为88.08%,学生与成人间差异无统计学意义(χ2=1.791,P=0.181),而城区居民高于城乡结合部居民(χ2=9.933,P=0.002)。结论海珠区学龄前儿童蛲虫感染率较低,卫生条件、卫生习惯的好坏与蛲虫感染率有关,加强健康教育工作是进一步控制蛲虫感染的有效措施。     

南宁12313例医院就诊者肠道寄生虫感染状况分析

目的 了解医院就诊者肠道寄生虫感染状况和变化趋势,为防治提供参考.方法 采用酸-醚离心沉淀法处理粪便标本,取沉渣做直接涂片和碘染涂片,显微镜下检查肠道寄生虫,以描述流行病学方法分析人群寄生虫感染特征.结果 共检出10种寄生虫,感染率最高为华支睾吸虫,其后依次为人芽囊原虫、钩虫、鞭虫和蛔虫,差异有统计学意义(x2=131.188,1261.928,129.386,P＜0.01);2013和2005年总感染率分别是37.08％和41.07％,2013年感染率低于2005年,差异有统计学意义(x2=20.500,P＜0.01);男性感染率高于女性,男性感染率最高为华支睾吸虫,女性为人芽囊原虫,差异具有统计学意义(x2=12.859,313.621,95.293,P＜0.01);华支睾吸虫感染率最高年龄组均为31～和41～(x2=3.121,15.138,P＜0.01);人芽囊原虫感染率最高年龄组2005年是0～、11～、21～、31～(x2=8.322,P＜0.05),而2013年是0～(x2=6.556,P＜0.05);钩虫感染率最高年龄组均为61 ～(x2=5.593,3.922,P＜0.05).结论 南宁市就诊者肠道寄生虫感染率与8年前比较虽有所下降,但还是偏高,种类多;感染的优势虫种仍是华支睾吸虫和人芽囊原虫,土源性线虫感染率已降至较低水平.     

职业及空调环境对皮肤蠕形螨感染情况的影响

随机选择银行4间,酒家1家,高级中学两个班共331人进行蠕形螨感染情况调查,调查结果是总感染率为12.69%(42/331),男女之比为1∶ 2.81,无显著性差异(χ2＝1.99,P＞0.05),与痤疮感染无关(χ2＝0.93,P＞0.05).感染以21～40岁年龄组人群最多(15.51%),与其他年龄组有显著性差异(χ2＝7.64,P＜0.05),从事银行职业的人群感染率明显高于其他行业(χ2＝10.72和6.34,P＜0.05),并且在不同环境下感染率不同,空调环境下蠕形螨感染率明显高于34℃以上的环境(χ2＝9.98,P＜0.05).     

2019年石家庄市幼儿园儿童蛲虫感染情况调查分析

目的调查2019年石家庄市幼儿园儿童蛲虫感染现状,分析影响蛲虫感染率的因素,为更好地预防和控制蛲虫病提供流行病学资料。方法采用透明胶纸法对石家庄市6所幼儿园(市区4所、郊区2所)605名儿童进行肛周蛲虫虫卵采集,显微镜下筛查阳性标本,应用卡方检验对结果进行统计学分析。结果受检儿童共计605人,蛲虫总感染率为3.80%;依据性别分组,男童感染率(4.17%)与女童感染率(3.41%)组间差异无统计学意义(χ~2=0.23,P0.05);依据年龄分组,5～6岁组感染率为9.17%,明显高于3～4岁组(0.58%)和4～5岁组(0.49%),各组间差异有统计学意义(χ~2=29.04,P0.05);依据区域分组,郊区组感染率为13.17%,高于市区组(0.23%),差异有统计学意义(χ~2=55.40,P0.05);依据幼儿园收费标准分组,其中≤1 000元组感染率为12.57%,明显高于1 000～1 500元组(0.48%)和1 500元组(0.44%),差异有统计学意义(χ~2=48.66,P0.05)。结论 2019年石家庄市幼儿园儿童蛲虫感染率较低,蛲虫感染与幼儿年龄及所处环境卫生情况等因素密切相关,但是蛲虫病有"易治难防"的特点,仍应采取相应措施控制传播。     

西安地区人芽囊原虫感染状况调查

目的了解西安市人芽囊原虫的感染状况。方法采集西安市社区居民、中学生、动物饲养人员、腹泻病人共781名受检者粪便标本,采用生理盐水直接涂片法及碘液染色法,典型形态使用数码显微镜摄像。结果健康人群和腹泻人群人芽囊原虫的感染率分别为1.99%(11/554)和7.05%(16/227),差异具有统计学意义(χ2=12.367,P<0.05);社区居民、中学生、动物饲养人员的感染率分别为2.20%(6/273)、1.20%(3/250)、6.45%(2/31),差异无统计学意义(χ2=4.033,P>0.05);粘液脓血便人群的感染率为12.16%(9/74),其他腹泻人群(水样便、糊便及脂肪泻)为7%(7/153),两者差异有统计学意义(χ2=4.382,P<0.05)。各年龄组间感染率差异有统计学意义(χ2=18.632,P<0.05)。观察到空泡型、颗粒型和包囊型虫体,可见出芽生殖、二分裂生殖和复分裂繁殖三种繁殖方式。结论人芽囊原虫在不同年龄、不同健康状况(健康和腹泻)及不同腹泻性状人群中的分布存在差异。空泡型、颗粒型多见,多以二分裂、出芽生殖方式繁殖。     

健康人群幽门螺杆菌感染率调查分析

目的:了解蚌埠市健康人群体检中幽门螺杆菌(Hp)的感染状况。方法:免疫胶体金法检测2 283名蚌埠市健康者的血清Hp尿素酶抗体。结果:2 283名体检者中总Hp感染率为16.1%,其中男性Hp感染率为16.9%,女性Hp感染率为14.2%,差异无统计学意义(P0.05);男性不同年龄组Hp感染率差异有统计学意义(P0.01);女性不同年龄组Hp感染率差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。男性50～59年龄组和≥70岁年龄组Hp感染率均高于女性,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论:健康人群中Hp感染率较高,故在健康人群体检中开展Hp普查,有利于早期根治,减少相关疾病的发生。     

梧州市无偿献血人群HIV确证阳性者的感染现状调查

目的:分析梧州市献血人群中确证阳性的HIV感染情况,为制定降低HIV经输血感染的措施提供依据。方法:查阅2005～2011年梧州市213 940人次无偿献血者中抗-HIV确证阳性献血者的年龄、性别、献血地域、职业和献血次数情况并进行统计学分析。结果:无偿献血人群中HIV感染率有逐年增高的趋势,25～44岁人群感染率高,各年龄段献血者HIV感染率比较差异有显著性(χ2=9.29,P<0.05);男性献血者HIV感染率高于女性(χ2=4.56,P<0.05);乡镇献血者HIV感染率高于城区献血者(χ2=5.58,P<0.05);首次献血人群HIV感染率高于重复献血人群(χ2=33.38,P<0.01)。结论:HIV感染从高危人群向低危人群扩散,筛选献血者过程中应加强对献血者健康状况、个人生活史、社会行为史的评估。     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

Development on Adjustable Calibration Marker for Shock Wave Focus

Shock wave lithotripsy （SWL） is a treatment of choice for upper urinary stones. However, this procedure is inappropriate for obese patients because the focus is often unable to reach the target owing to the limited focal distance in shock wave source. Although treating such patients in a blast path may increase the application length of shock wave source, it＇s difficult to find this path on the lithotripter monitor. For this reason, we invented an adjustable calibration marker in order to set an effective focus in the shock wave hath.     

Study on the TCM Pathogenesis of Angiopathic Complications of Type II Diabetes

Excess production of reactive oxygen species(ROS)of mitochondrion mediated by hyperglycemia is the common pathogenesis of angiopathic complications of diabetes.TCM holds that the damp from the dysfunction of spleen.kidney and liver is the causative factor of complications of diabetes.This is similar to the mechanism of Ros resulting in angiopathic complications of diabetes.When the angiopathic complications of type II diabetes mellitus(T2DM)are difierentiated as caused by turbid damp in TCM can be explained as ROS.Since the obstruction of pathogenic damp in channels and collaterals is said to be the main pathogenesis,the treating principle should be dissolving the damp to remove the obstruction.     

Leptin, Ghrelin and TNF-α before and after Hypo-caloric Traditional Chinese Diet and Auricular Acupuncture

INTRODUCTION Obesity is a complex emergent problem, which can be possibly solved not only by the diet but also by the life style and promotion of a constant physical exercise. 1, 2 No doubt careful attentions must be given to the nutritional condition of obese people, the dietary habits, the somatic build (i.e. distribution of fat mass) and the organic functions linked to formation of the fat mass. All the parameters should be constantly monitored before, during and after a diet treatment. 3, 4, 5     

Relationship between Dysglycemia and Carotid Atherosclerosis in Tibetan Population

People with dysglycemia are at high risk for atherosclerotic diseases. This study aims at investigating the atherosclerotic vascular damage in dysglycemia and its metabolic origin in Tibetan population.     

APPLICATION OF LORNOXICAM TO PATIENT-CONTROLLED ANALGESIA IN PATIENTS UNDERGOING ABDOMINAL SURGERIES

FOR anesthesiologis s ,treatingpostoperativepainhas alwaysbeen a problem.Althoughopioidshave been provedtobe effective,theirsideeffectscouldnotbeignored.With thedevelopmentofscienceand pharmacology,many drugs with aspectsof satisfactoryanalgesicefficacyand couldbe welltoleratedby patientshave been developed.And lornoxicamisone of them, which isa non-steroidalanti-inflammatorydrug (NSAID ), with analgesic, anti-infl-ammatory,andantipyreticproperties.Itseliminationhalf-time(3 to 5 hours) isle…     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE OF SERUM CYTOKINES IL-1β,sIL-2R,IL-6,TNF-α,AND IFN-v IN ACUTE CORONARY SYNDROME

Objectives To explore serum cytokines levels (including IL-1 β, sIL-2R, IL-6, TNF-α, and IFN-v) and their significance in patients with acute coronary syndrome (ACS) and the subsequent follow-ups, with attempt to estimate the role of various serum inflammatory markers in the diagnosis and assessment of ACS.Methods The study population include 40 patients with acute myocardial infarction (AMI), 40 patients with unstable angina pectoris (UAP), and 40 controls. Among the 80 patients, 60 patients attended a follow up 4 months later. Serum inflammatory markers including IL-1 β, sIL-2R, IL-6, TNF-α, and IFN-v were measured by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay.Results Serum IL- 1 β, sIL-2R, IL-6, TNF-α were significantly higher in AMI group or UAP group compared to the control group and became significantly lower 4 months later in the follow-up patients. Serum levels of IFN-v shows no significant difference between AMI group or UAP group and controls, also showing no significant change when measured in follow up patients. There was no correlation between serum creatine kinase-MB isoenzyme levels and serum inflammatory markers either in UAP or AMI group. Furthermore, when divided into two subgroups using Wagner's QRS scoring system in the AMI group, there is no difference of each serum inflammatory marker between ≤ 6 scores group and ＞ 6 scores group.Conclusion Serum levels of certain inflammatory markers may have some diagnostic value for ACS, and can be a useful marker reflecting disease stability.