乳腺癌筛查行为干预的研究现状及发展方向

乳腺癌是妇女常见恶性肿瘤之一。全球每年约120万女性被查出患有乳腺癌,约50万女性死于乳腺癌,相当于全球平均每1 min就有1名女性死于乳腺癌。中国近年成为乳腺癌发病率增长最快的国家之一,在北京、天津、上海等大中城市,乳腺癌已跃居女性恶性肿瘤之首。我国乳腺癌患者发病年龄较轻,从30岁开始出现,40～49岁时发病高峰,比西方女性一般要早10～15年。乳腺癌的二级预防已     

Jmjc家族在乳腺癌发生发展中的作用

<正>乳腺癌是女性常见的恶性肿瘤之一,发病率和致死率居女性恶性肿瘤的首位,严重危害女性身心健康[1]。近年来,中国乳腺癌的发病率明显升高,年龄标准化发病率从1980年的6.4/10万上升到2011年的31.93/10万,增长了5倍[2]。乳腺癌的发生常伴有遗传学和表观遗传学的改变,表观遗传调控可能对乳腺癌具有潜在的治疗和改善预后作用[3]。表观遗传学中组蛋白修饰(histone modification)可通过影响组蛋白与DNA双链的亲和性,     

乳腺癌患者心理分析及护理干预体会

<正>乳腺癌是女性常见的恶性肿瘤之一,全世界每年有120万妇女患乳腺癌,约50万人死于乳腺癌。中国抗癌协会2005年统计显示我国乳腺癌的发病率以每年3%的速度增长,每年新发女性乳腺癌19万例[1],且发病年龄日趋年轻化,发病率从20～25岁     

302名乳腺癌高风险人群中医体质研究

<正>乳腺癌是我国女性最常见的恶性肿瘤之一,预计在2030年,我国女性乳腺癌发病数将达到23.4万例,死亡7.0万人[1]。目前多以流行病学危险因素和基因分析为基础,进行个体乳腺癌危险评估模型研究,在近30个乳腺癌危险预测模型中,Gail模型是目前相对经济、准确、较为适用的模型,已成为美国国家癌症研究所估算妇女患浸润性乳腺癌风险的工具。我国学者[2-3]将其用于中国女性的适用性及预测价值     

乳腺癌X线诊断方法的对比分析

乳腺癌是导致女性死亡的重要疾病之一，据世界卫生组织统计，2009年有1592300例女性被诊断为乳腺癌，有440214例女性死于该病。在中国，情况不容乐观。在过去十几年中，中国乳腺癌发病率和死亡率分别以每年2．4％和4％的速度增长，     

李佩文教授辨治乳腺癌经验探析

女性乳腺癌是全球妇女最常见的恶性肿瘤,也是女性最主要的恶性肿瘤死亡原因[1]。我国每年女性乳腺癌发病16.9万,是女性第二位最常见恶性肿瘤;我国女性乳腺癌死亡约4.5万,是女性第六位最常见的恶性肿瘤死亡原因。我国的女性乳腺癌的发病率和死亡率虽然低于世界平均水平,但在过去20年中由于生活水平提高,生活方式改变,其上升幅度尤其显著[2,3]。乳腺癌的高危因素有吸烟、超     

早期乳腺癌的影像学诊断研究

<正>乳腺癌是女性最常见的恶性肿瘤之一,具有发病隐匿,预后差等特点。据统计,全球每年约有120余万妇女患乳腺癌,50万妇女死于乳腺癌[1]。我国妇女乳腺癌的发病率目前正以每年3%～4%的增长率急剧上升,发病人群逐渐趋于年轻化。而迄今     

乳腺癌早期诊治的研究

乳腺癌是女性常见肿瘤之一 ,是威胁妇女健康生命的较严重的疾病 ,我国近年统计资料表明 ,乳腺癌从 70年代的第 2、3位 ,到 80年代第 1、2位至今 ,乳腺癌死亡率居我国女性恶性肿瘤第 4位[1、2 ] 。早期诊断 ,对提高乳腺癌病人治愈率和降低病死率意义重大 ,早期乳腺癌经手术切除及放化疗 ,10年以上生存率达 90 %以上[3 ] ,现对本院 1985年 1月至 2 0 0 1年 12月的早期乳腺癌患者 46例作一分析 ,并结合国内外文献 ,探讨乳腺癌的早期诊治问题。1　临床资料1.1　一般资料 :全组 46例 ,均为女性 ,年龄 2 8～ 6 8岁 ,平均 47岁 ,其中Ｔ0 癌 38例 ,…     

乳腺癌围手术的心理问题与护理干预

乳腺癌是女性最常见的恶性肿瘤,在我国,乳腺癌发病率每年增长3%,在大城市中,乳腺癌占妇女恶性肿瘤的第一、二位[1]。已成为我国女性发病率最高的恶性肿瘤。乳腺癌患者是一组特殊的患者,她们承受着生命和女性美都将     

实施护理路径对乳腺癌病人进行健康教育的效果观察

<正>0引言乳腺癌是女性常见恶性肿瘤之一,在我国占全身恶性肿瘤7~10%,已成为我国女性发病最高恶性肿瘤[1]。针对乳腺癌病人临床特点及各阶段需求,我科自2008年4月对乳腺癌病人应用临床护理路径(简称CNP)实施健康教育,取得良好效果。现报告如下:1资料与方法1.1临床资料选择我院乳腺外科收治的乳腺癌患者,随机选择2007年4月~5月乳腺癌患者25例,采用传统方法实施健康教育,作为对照组。2008年4月至5月乳腺癌患者25例,采用CNP实施健康教育,作为观察组。两组病人均为女性,确     

APPLICATION OF LORNOXICAM TO PATIENT-CONTROLLED ANALGESIA IN PATIENTS UNDERGOING ABDOMINAL SURGERIES

FOR anesthesiologis s ,treatingpostoperativepainhas alwaysbeen a problem.Althoughopioidshave been provedtobe effective,theirsideeffectscouldnotbeignored.With thedevelopmentofscienceand pharmacology,many drugs with aspectsof satisfactoryanalgesicefficacyand couldbe welltoleratedby patientshave been developed.And lornoxicamisone of them, which isa non-steroidalanti-inflammatorydrug (NSAID ), with analgesic, anti-infl-ammatory,andantipyreticproperties.Itseliminationhalf-time(3 to 5 hours) isle…     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

Development on Adjustable Calibration Marker for Shock Wave Focus

Shock wave lithotripsy （SWL） is a treatment of choice for upper urinary stones. However, this procedure is inappropriate for obese patients because the focus is often unable to reach the target owing to the limited focal distance in shock wave source. Although treating such patients in a blast path may increase the application length of shock wave source, it＇s difficult to find this path on the lithotripter monitor. For this reason, we invented an adjustable calibration marker in order to set an effective focus in the shock wave hath.     

Study on the TCM Pathogenesis of Angiopathic Complications of Type II Diabetes

Excess production of reactive oxygen species(ROS)of mitochondrion mediated by hyperglycemia is the common pathogenesis of angiopathic complications of diabetes.TCM holds that the damp from the dysfunction of spleen.kidney and liver is the causative factor of complications of diabetes.This is similar to the mechanism of Ros resulting in angiopathic complications of diabetes.When the angiopathic complications of type II diabetes mellitus(T2DM)are difierentiated as caused by turbid damp in TCM can be explained as ROS.Since the obstruction of pathogenic damp in channels and collaterals is said to be the main pathogenesis,the treating principle should be dissolving the damp to remove the obstruction.     

Leptin, Ghrelin and TNF-α before and after Hypo-caloric Traditional Chinese Diet and Auricular Acupuncture

INTRODUCTION Obesity is a complex emergent problem, which can be possibly solved not only by the diet but also by the life style and promotion of a constant physical exercise. 1, 2 No doubt careful attentions must be given to the nutritional condition of obese people, the dietary habits, the somatic build (i.e. distribution of fat mass) and the organic functions linked to formation of the fat mass. All the parameters should be constantly monitored before, during and after a diet treatment. 3, 4, 5     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

Relationship between Dysglycemia and Carotid Atherosclerosis in Tibetan Population

People with dysglycemia are at high risk for atherosclerotic diseases. This study aims at investigating the atherosclerotic vascular damage in dysglycemia and its metabolic origin in Tibetan population.     

Acupuncture Combined with Spinal Tui Na for Treatment of Primary Dysmenorrhea in 30 Cases

Objective: To observe the therapeutic effects in acupunture treatment of primary dysmenorrhea combined with spinal Tui Na, and study its mechanism. Methods: Thirty cases of the treatment group were treated by acupuncture combined with spinal Tui Na, and thirty cases in the control group were treated by routine acupuncture. Results: The total effective rate was 93.3% in the treatment group, and 73.3% in the control group, with a significant difference between the two groups (P<0.05). Conclusions: Acupuncture combined with spinal Tui Na has good prospects for treatment of primary dysmenorrhea.     

Luo Lingjie's Experience in Treating Chronic Nephropathy

In treating chronic nephropathy,Luo Lingjie,a chief physician,pays attention to regulating the balance between yin and yang,treating infection if present,and removing pathogenic factors.He prescribes gentle drugs and uses carefully strongly warming-tonifying ones,emphasizes the importance of persuading the patient to persist in treatment with medication and nurse one's health for recuperation,and is good at combined use of TCM and western medicine therapy and brings the merits of various therapies into full play,with obvious theraoeutic effects.