苯那普利对糖尿病大鼠肾皮质MMP-2、TIMP-2和C-Ⅳ表达的影响

目的 探讨苯那普利对糖尿病大鼠肾皮质中基质金属蛋白酶-2(MMP-2)、基质金属蛋白酶抑制因子-2(TIMP-2)和Ⅳ型胶原(C-Ⅳ)表达水平的影响.方法 40只雄性SD大鼠随机分为3组:正常对照组(C组),糖尿病未治疗组(DM组),糖尿病苯那普利(10mg/kg)治疗组(DB组).8周后,用免疫组化方法(SP法)和RT-PCR方法检测各组大鼠肾皮质MMP-2、TIMP-2及C-Ⅳ的表达.结果 DM组大鼠肾小球MMP-2蛋白、mRNA的表达较C组明显降低,TIMP-2及C-Ⅳ蛋白、mRNA明显升高,差异有高度统计学意义(P<0.01),出现糖尿病.肾病(DN)典型的病理改变.DB组MMP-2蛋白、mRNA较DM组表达明显升高(P<0.01)、TIMP-2和C-Ⅳ表达较DM组明显降低(P<0.01),病理改变好转.结论 苯那普利可能通过逆转糖尿病大鼠肾皮质MMP-2、TIMP-2的表达,降低C-Ⅳ的堆积,对糖尿病肾病(DN)起保护作用.     

苯那普利对糖尿病大鼠肾皮质MMP-2、TIMP-2和C-IV表达的影响

目的探讨苯那普利对糖尿病大鼠肾皮质中基质金属蛋白酶-2（MMP-2）、基质金属蛋白酶抑制因子．2（TIMP-2）和IV型胶原（C—IV）表达水平的影响。方法40只雄性SD大鼠随机分为3组：正常对照组（c组）,糖尿病未治疗组（DM组）,糖尿病苯那普利（10mg／kg）治疗组（DB组）。8周后,用免疫组化方法（SP法）和RT—PCR方法检测各组大鼠肾皮质MMP-2、TIMP-2及C—IV的表达。结果DM组大鼠肾小球MMP-2蛋白、mRNA的表达较C组明显降低,TIMp-2及C—IV蛋白、mRNA明显升高,差异有高度统计学意义（P〈0．01）,出现糖尿病。肾病（DN）典型的病理改变。DB组MMP-2蛋白、mRNA较DM组表达明显升高（P〈0．01）、TIMP-2和C—IV表达较DM组明显降低（P〈0．01）,病理改变好转。结论苯那普利可能通过逆转糖尿病大鼠肾皮质MMP-2、TIMP-2的表达,降低C—IV的堆积,对糖尿病肾病（DN）起保护作用。     

糖尿病大鼠肾MMP-9的表达及苯那普利肾脏保护机制探讨

目的 探讨基质金属蛋白酶-9（MMP-9）在糖尿病大鼠肾组织中的表达及其在苯那普利肾脏保护中的意义.方法采用腹腔注射STZ制备糖尿病大鼠模型,随机分为对照组、糖尿病组及苯那普利组,分别于4、8周处死.应用免疫组化方法检测肾组织MMP-9的活性水平.结果MMP-9在正常对照组肾小球、肾小管细胞均有阳性表达;在糖尿病组其表达明显减弱.苯那普利能显著上调MMP-9在肾组织的表达并提高其活性水平,与糖尿病组比较,差异有显著性意义（P＜0.01）.结论MMP-9在糖尿病肾病细胞外基质的生成中起一定作用,苯那普利可能部分通过上调MMP-9在肾组织的表达而起到肾脏保护作用.     

银杏叶提取物对糖尿病大鼠肾组织MMP-2及TIMP-2表达的影响

目的:观察基质金属蛋白酶-2(MMP-2)、基质金属蛋白酶抑制因子-2(TIMP-2)在糖尿病大鼠肾组织中的表达及银杏叶提取物(EGB)对两者表达的影响。方法:30只雄性SD大鼠随机分为3组:正常对照组(C组),糖尿病组(DM组),EGB治疗组(EGB组,8 mg.kg-1.d-1)。腹腔注射链脲佐菌素(STZ)诱导大鼠造成糖尿病模型,EGB组用银杏叶提取物进行灌胃。8周后,用免疫组化方法检测各组大鼠肾皮质MMP-2、TIMP-2的蛋白表达。结果:糖尿病组大鼠肾小球MMP-2蛋白表达较正常对照组明显减少,TIMP-2蛋白明显升高(P<0.01);EGB组MMP-2较糖尿病组表达升高(P<0.01)、TIMP-2表达较糖尿病组减少(P<0.01)。结论:EGB可通过调节MMP-2/TIMP-2的平衡,减少细胞外基质积聚而对糖尿病大鼠起到肾脏保护作用。     

莫索尼定及贝那普利抗肾组织纤维化的对比研究

目的 应用莫索尼定及贝那普利干预阿霉素肾病大鼠,比较二者对肾组织调节肾小管的基质金属蛋白酶-9(MMP-9)、基质金属蛋白组织抑制因子-1(TIMP-1)的影响. 方法 大鼠右肾摘除加尾静脉注射阿霉素,随机分为模型组、莫索尼定组、贝那普利组、对照组.12周测血、尿生化指标及血压;光镜及电镜观察肾组织形态学改变;免疫组化检测肾组织MMP-9、TIMP-1蛋白表达;原位杂交测MMP-gmRNA、TIMP-1mRNA表达. 结果 与对照组比较,模型组大鼠蛋白尿、血浆NE、Ang Ⅱ水平、血压、肾损害指标均上升;肾组织内MMP-9、TIMP-1蛋白及mRNA表达均明显上调;两治疗组与模型组比较,MMP-9蛋白及mBNA进一步上调,生化指标及TIMP-1都被显著抑制.贝那普利较莫索尼定更明显降低蛋白尿及血浆Ang Ⅱ水平. 结论 莫索尼定及贝那普利均通过调节肾组织纤维化具有肾保护作用,部分机制可能是通过抑制交感神经活性.调节细胞外基质降解而起作用.     

贝那普利抑制糖尿病大鼠心肌间质纤维化的机制探讨

目的研究血管紧张素转换酶抑制剂贝那普利（Benazepril）对糖尿病大鼠心肌间质纤维化过程的影响及保护机制。方法30只SD大鼠随机分为对照组10只，糖尿病组10只和贝那普利组10只。糖尿病组和贝那普利组采用链脲佐菌素（STZ，50mg／kg）腹腔内注射，建立糖尿病模型。贝那普利组大鼠用贝那普利（5mg／kg）治疗10周。用免疫组化法测Ⅰ、Ⅲ型胶原，转化生长因子（TGF-β1）、基质金属蛋白酶组织抑制因子（TIMP-1）、基质金属蛋白酶（MMP-1）蛋白的表达：RT-PCR法测TIMP-1、MMP-1 mRNA的表达。结果糖尿病组大鼠心脏指数、心室指数均显著高于正常对照组，心肌间质纤维化，胶原Ⅰ、胶原Ⅲ含量增加，TGF-β1、TIMP-1蛋白及TIMP-1 mRNA的表达增高，MMP-1蛋白及MMP-1 mRNA的表达减少。贝那普利治疗后，上述指标均有所改善。结论贝那普利可能通过对TGF-β1和基质金属蛋白酶的影响明显改善糖尿病心肌间质纤维化。     

阿霉素肾病大鼠肾小球中基质金属蛋白酶-2和基质金属蛋白酶组织抑制剂-2的表达

目的探讨基质金属蛋白酶-2(MMP-2)和基质金属蛋白酶组织抑制剂-2(TIMP-2)在阿霉素肾病大鼠中的表达和意义。方法 25只Sprague-Dawlay(SD)雄性大鼠,随机分为对照组10只和观察组15只,观察组尾静脉内一次性注射阿霉素7.5 mg.kg-1(以生理盐水稀释至3 mL),对照组尾静脉内一次性注射等量生理盐水,对照组和观察组每日1次按10 mL.kg-1给予生理盐水灌胃,灌胃共8周。采用反转录聚合酶链式反应法检测肾组织MMP-2和TIMP-2 mRNA的表达。结果实验8周时与对照组比较,观察组的24 h尿蛋白定量、肌酐和尿素氮水平均显著上升(P<0.01),血白蛋白显著降低(P<0.01)。对照组大鼠肾皮质区肾小球毛细血管襻开放较好,无细胞外基质(ECM)聚集;观察组大鼠肾组织可见部分毛细血管腔变窄甚至完全闭塞,肾小囊扩张,囊壁增厚,球囊粘连。观察组MMP-2和TIMP-2 mRNA的表达较对照组明显下降(P<0.01),观察组中MMP-2/TIMP-2 mRNA半定量比值较对照组明显降低(P<0.01)。结论 MMP-2和TIMP-2在阿霉素肾病大鼠肾小球硬化中起到重要的作用;MMP-2/TIMP-2的比值失调使肾小球ECM降解减少,导致ECM过度积聚,参与肾小球硬化的发生发展。     

灵芝对高糖培养的大鼠肾小球系膜细胞MMP-2和TIMP-2表达的影响

目的探讨灵芝对在高糖刺激下大鼠肾小球系膜细胞（MCs）表达基质金属蛋白酶-2（MMP-2）及基质金属蛋白酶-2组织抑制剂（TIMP-2）的影响。方法大鼠MCs在高糖培养下,予不同质量浓度灵芝、苯那普利刺激后,运用免疫组织化学技术和图像分析法,观察MCs表达MMP-2和TIMP-2的变化,RT-PCR检测MMP-2、TIMP-2 mRNA表达水平。结果不同质量浓度的灵芝对高糖培养的大鼠MCs MMP-2和TIMP-2表达的影响不同。与高糖组相比,随着灵芝浓度逐渐增加,MMP-2的表达逐渐增加,TIMP-2的表达逐渐降低。结论灵芝通过改变高糖培养的大鼠MCsMMP-2和TIMP-2的表达量,影响糖尿病肾病（DN）的进程。     

2型糖尿病大鼠心脏MMP-2、MMP-9、TIMP-1、TIMP-2的变化与糖尿病心肌病变关系

目的探讨2型糖尿病(T2DM)大鼠心脏基质金属蛋白酶2(MMP-2)、基质金属蛋白酶9(MMP-9)、基质金属蛋白酶组织抑制物1(TIMP-1)、基质金属蛋白酶组织抑制物2(TIMP-2)的变化及其在糖尿病心肌病变(Diabetic Cardiomyopathy,DC)发病中的意义。方法高脂食物喂养、小剂量链脲菌素诱导2型糖尿病大鼠模型。正糖高胰岛素嵌铗技术(EICT)检测两组大鼠胰岛素抵抗情况,葡萄糖输注速率(GIR)表示胰岛素抵抗;测定大鼠体重(BW)、心脏重量(HW)和计算HW/BW;RT-PCR测定两组大鼠MMP-2、MMP-9、TIMP-1、TIMP-2的mRNA水平,免疫组化法检测MMP-2、MMP-9、TIMP-1、TIMP-2和Ⅰ、Ⅲ胶原蛋白水平。结果糖尿病大鼠GIR明显低于正常对照组(P0.01)。糖尿病大鼠心脏:HW和HW/BW明显高于正常对照组(P0.05),Ⅰ、Ⅲ型胶原明显增多(P0.01),MMP-2、TIMP-1、TIMP-2的mRNA表达增加(P0.01),MMP-2、MMP-9、TIMP-1、TIMP-2的蛋白含量增加(MMP-2、TIMP-1:P0.05;TIMP-2:P0.01);MMP-2、MMP-9与TIMP-1蛋白水平比值及MMP-2与TIMP-2蛋白水平比值均显著降低。结论 T2DM大鼠心脏MMP-2、MMP-9、TIMP-1、TIMP-2增加,MMPs/TIMPs比值降低,心脏Ⅰ、Ⅲ型胶原明显增多;心脏MMPs/TIMPs表达改变与心脏间质纤维化有关。     

咪达普利与福辛普利对糖尿病大鼠心肌间质重构的影响

目的:用咪达普利(达爽)及福辛普利(蒙诺)两种血管紧张素转换酶抑制剂(ACEI)对实验性糖尿病大鼠进行早期干预,观察两药对糖尿病大鼠心肌间质重构的影响,了解两药对糖尿病大鼠心脏的保护作用有无区别。方法:以链脲佐菌素对30只SD大鼠进行腹腔注射,建立实验性糖尿病大鼠模型3组,包括咪达普利干预组,福辛普利干预组,糖尿病对照组,另外取10只SD大鼠作为正常对照组。用免疫组化法检测Ⅰ和Ⅲ型胶原含量;免疫组化法检测转化生长因子β1(TGF-β1)、基质金属蛋白酶1(MMP-1)、基质金属蛋白酶组织抑制剂1(TIMP-1)蛋白含量的表达,逆转录-聚合酶链反应(RT-PCR)检测MMP-1和TIMP-1的mRNA表达。结果:糖尿病对照组心脏指数及心室指数显著大于正常对照组,反映间质重构的指标Ⅰ和Ⅲ型胶原、TGF-β1、TIMP-1蛋白及TIMP-1 mRNA的表达均增加,而MMP-1蛋白及mRNA的表达减少。咪达普利干预组和福辛普利干预组的上述各种异常指标均有所改善,但两组的改善程度无显著差异。结论:含羧基的咪达普利与含磷酰基的福辛普利作为ACEI类药物,均可通过对TGF-β1和基质金属蛋白酶的影响而改善实验性糖尿病大鼠心肌间质的重构,两者对心脏间质的保护作用无明显差异。     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

Development on Adjustable Calibration Marker for Shock Wave Focus

Shock wave lithotripsy （SWL） is a treatment of choice for upper urinary stones. However, this procedure is inappropriate for obese patients because the focus is often unable to reach the target owing to the limited focal distance in shock wave source. Although treating such patients in a blast path may increase the application length of shock wave source, it＇s difficult to find this path on the lithotripter monitor. For this reason, we invented an adjustable calibration marker in order to set an effective focus in the shock wave hath.     

Study on the TCM Pathogenesis of Angiopathic Complications of Type II Diabetes

Excess production of reactive oxygen species(ROS)of mitochondrion mediated by hyperglycemia is the common pathogenesis of angiopathic complications of diabetes.TCM holds that the damp from the dysfunction of spleen.kidney and liver is the causative factor of complications of diabetes.This is similar to the mechanism of Ros resulting in angiopathic complications of diabetes.When the angiopathic complications of type II diabetes mellitus(T2DM)are difierentiated as caused by turbid damp in TCM can be explained as ROS.Since the obstruction of pathogenic damp in channels and collaterals is said to be the main pathogenesis,the treating principle should be dissolving the damp to remove the obstruction.     

Leptin, Ghrelin and TNF-α before and after Hypo-caloric Traditional Chinese Diet and Auricular Acupuncture

INTRODUCTION Obesity is a complex emergent problem, which can be possibly solved not only by the diet but also by the life style and promotion of a constant physical exercise. 1, 2 No doubt careful attentions must be given to the nutritional condition of obese people, the dietary habits, the somatic build (i.e. distribution of fat mass) and the organic functions linked to formation of the fat mass. All the parameters should be constantly monitored before, during and after a diet treatment. 3, 4, 5     

Relationship between Dysglycemia and Carotid Atherosclerosis in Tibetan Population

People with dysglycemia are at high risk for atherosclerotic diseases. This study aims at investigating the atherosclerotic vascular damage in dysglycemia and its metabolic origin in Tibetan population.     

APPLICATION OF LORNOXICAM TO PATIENT-CONTROLLED ANALGESIA IN PATIENTS UNDERGOING ABDOMINAL SURGERIES

FOR anesthesiologis s ,treatingpostoperativepainhas alwaysbeen a problem.Althoughopioidshave been provedtobe effective,theirsideeffectscouldnotbeignored.With thedevelopmentofscienceand pharmacology,many drugs with aspectsof satisfactoryanalgesicefficacyand couldbe welltoleratedby patientshave been developed.And lornoxicamisone of them, which isa non-steroidalanti-inflammatorydrug (NSAID ), with analgesic, anti-infl-ammatory,andantipyreticproperties.Itseliminationhalf-time(3 to 5 hours) isle…     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.