内界膜剥离治疗特发性黄斑裂孔

目的 探讨玻璃体切割联合吲哚青绿染色内界膜剥离治疗特发性黄斑裂孔的疗效.方法 采用玻璃体切割联合吲哚青绿染色内界膜剥离治疗特发性黄斑裂孔15例15只眼,对患者手术前、术后视力、黄斑裂孔地愈合情况进行检查随访.结果 本组15例15只眼均成功的剥离内界膜,随访6个月.黄斑裂孔完全愈合13只眼,2例裂孔直径缩小,裂孔封闭的成功率86.66%,视力提高率89.33%,结论玻璃体切割联合内界膜剥离术能有效的封闭特发性黄斑裂孔,提高视力.     

玻璃体切除联合内界膜剥除治疗黄斑裂孔的疗效观察

目的 评价玻璃体切除联合内界膜剥除治疗黄斑裂孔的临床效果.方法对53例（53只眼）黄斑裂孔进行玻璃体切除联合内界膜剥除的临床资料进行回顾性分析.分析手术前后矫正远视力、黄斑裂孔的分期,术后裂孔是否闭合与术后视力预后的关系.结果相干光断层扫描观察形态恢复正常者42只眼,改善者8只眼,无改善者3只眼.12只眼术后出现一过性眼压升高.手术后裂孔闭合者视力都有不同程度提高.手术有效率94.3%,裂孔闭合率79.2%.结论使用玻璃体切除联合内界膜剥除,可以增加黄斑裂孔闭合率、提高患者术后视力.     

视网膜内界膜剥除对特发性黄斑裂孔患者术后裂孔愈合的影响

目的　探讨剥除视网膜内界膜对特发性黄斑裂孔患者术后裂孔愈合的影响。方法　对4 1例 (41只眼 )特发性黄斑裂孔患者进行手术治疗。A组 :单纯玻璃体切除 19只眼 ;B组 :玻璃体切除加视网膜内界膜剥除 2 2只眼。A组患者进行玻璃体切除、气体或液体交换及C3 F8眼内填充术 ;B组患者在A组术式的基础上 ,于术中增加黄斑区视网膜内界膜剥除。所有患者术后均保持面朝下体位10～ 14d。结果　 4 1只眼中 ,术后黄斑裂孔完全闭合 37只眼 ,相干光断层扫描显示黄斑裂孔已消失 ,总闭合率为 90 2 %。其中A组 19只眼中 ,有 15只眼黄斑裂孔闭合 ,闭合率为 78 9% ,视力略有提高 ;裂孔未闭 4只眼 ,相干光断层扫描仍见黄斑裂孔 ,视力无提高或降低。B组 2 2只眼经相干光断层扫描 ,证实黄斑裂孔已完全闭合 ,闭合率为 10 0 0 % ,视力明显提高。经Fisher精确概率检验 ,两组患者裂孔闭合率比较 ,差异有显著意义 (χ2 =4 86 5 ,P <0 0 5 ) ;视力改变比较 ,差异无显著意义(χ2 =0 0 0 0 ,P >0 0 5 ) ,但视力提高 2行以上者的差异有显著意义 (χ2 =4 385 ,P <0 0 5 )。结论　玻璃体手术是治疗黄斑裂孔患者的有效方法 ,而视网膜内界膜剥除有利于术后裂孔的闭合及其解剖结构的愈合     

超声乳化联合玻璃体切除及内界膜剥除治疗特发性黄斑孔伴白内障

目的观察晶状体超声乳化联合25G玻璃体切除、内界膜剥除及玻璃体腔注气治疗特发性黄斑孔伴白内障的临床效果。方法特发性黄斑孔伴白内障30例（30眼）行晶状体超声乳化联合25G玻璃体切除、内界膜剥除及玻璃体腔注气,术后行裂隙灯显微镜、前置镜、OCT等检查,并观察视力和眼压。结果术后随访3—1．2个月,无严重并发症发生;人工晶状体位置良好,视力明显提高（t=4．38,P=0．0001）;28眼黄斑孔闭合（闭合率93．3％）,2眼（6．7％）较大裂孔未完全闭合,术后继续随访中。结论晶状体超声乳化联合玻璃体切除、内界膜剥除及玻璃体腔注气术治疗特发性黄斑孔伴白内障能明显提高视力,具有微创、高效、裂孔闭合率高及并发症少等优点。     

重水保护下内界膜剥除及孔周按摩术治疗特发性黄斑孔的效果观察

目的:观察玻璃体切除联合重水保护下内界膜剥除及孔周按摩术治疗特发性黄斑孔的效果。方法:回顾性非随机对照研究。选取2018年6月至2019年12月郑州大学第一附属医院眼二科一组治疗的特发性黄斑孔者35例(37只眼),均接受玻璃体切除术联合重水保护下内界膜剥除及孔周按摩术。术后随访6个月,观察裂孔闭合情况、视力及并发症。结...     

曲安奈德和吲哚青绿双染法辅助下玻璃体切除术治疗特发性黄斑孔

目的 探讨曲安奈德(TA)和吲哚青绿(ICG)双染法辅助下玻璃体切除联合内界膜剥除术治疗特发性黄斑孔的疗效.方法 26例(26眼)均行玻璃体切除联合内界膜剥除术,术中应用TA和ICG辨认玻璃体后皮质和内界膜,术毕填充16％C3F8气体.结果 随访3～18个月,2例失访,23例黄斑孔完全闭合,1例未闭合者伴近锯齿缘处小裂孔后以硅油填充后闭合.随访患者24例中,21眼视力提高,2眼不变,1眼视力稍下降.结论 术中应用TA可以更清晰地辨认玻璃体后皮质,ICG的应用则有助于内界膜的剥除.TA和ICG双染法辅助下玻璃体切除术治疗特发性黄斑孔安全有效.     

白内障摘除联合玻璃体切除内界膜剥除术治疗非黄斑裂孔超高度近视性黄斑劈裂

目的:评价白内障摘除联合玻璃体切除内界膜剥除术治疗非黄斑裂孔超高度近视性黄斑劈裂的疗效.方法:回顾性分析.选取我院收治的非黄斑裂孔超高度近视性黄斑劈裂患者32例32眼,屈光度为-12.00~-20.00(平均-15.78±2.16)D.平均最佳矫正视力(LogMAR) 4.1±0.4.所有患者均行白内障超声乳化吸出人工晶状体植入联合玻璃体切除内界膜剥除术,内界膜采用吲哚菁绿染色并顺利剥除,术毕进行气体填充.术后随访1~9(平均4.5)mo,观察术后视力及黄斑劈裂愈合效果.结果:共30例30眼(94%)患者劈裂腔消失,视力较术前提高,视物变形改善.手术前后最佳矫正视力比较,差异具有统计学意义(t=-7.91,P<0.05).结论:白内障超声乳化吸出人工晶状体植入联合玻璃体切除内界膜剥除术是治疗非黄斑裂孔超高度近视性黄斑劈裂安全有效的手术方法,可有效保存视功能,不同程度提高患者的视力.     

25G玻璃体切割联合内界膜剥除及空气填充治疗特发性黄斑裂孔疗效评估

目的 探讨25G玻璃体切割联合内界膜剥除及空气填充治疗特发性黄斑裂孔的临床疗效.方法 回顾性分析2014年5月至2016年8月在丽水市人民医院眼科行25G玻璃体切割术的黄斑裂孔患者28例28只眼的临床资料,所有患者行25G玻璃体切割,在0.25 mg/ml亮蓝染色下剥除内界膜,玻璃体腔内消毒空气填充.术后主要观察手术时间、最佳矫正视力、眼压、裂孔闭合情况及手术并发症.术后随访3～24个月,平均（12.23.6）个月.结果 总手术时间为22～40 min,平均28 min,28只眼内界膜均顺利剥除,28例患者黄斑裂孔均闭合（100％）,21例患者术后视力较术前均有提高（75％）,无视力下降患者,平均视力为0.650.194,与术前相比显著提高（t=13.768,P=0.000）.术后1周平均眼压为（15.33.7） mmHg,与术前水平相近.8只眼剥除IMH时视网膜表面少量细小点状出血,4只眼术后随访期间发生核性白内障,3只眼发生一过性高眼压.所有病例在随访期内无其它严重并发症发生.结论 25G玻璃体切割联合内界膜剥除及空气填充治疗特发性黄斑裂孔,能促进裂孔愈合,提高术后视力,缩短手术时间,减少并发症,是一种安全有效的微创手术方法.     

黄斑裂孔手术有无内界膜剥除对疗效的影响

目的比较我院5年内一组30例特发性黄斑裂孔有/无内界膜（internal limiting membrane,ILM）剥除手术的结果。方法所有病例均施行平坦部玻璃体切除有/无内界膜剥除,玻璃体内注气,术后头俯位,无其他辅助治疗。结果术后随访只少6个月以上,13眼有ILM剥除的黄斑裂孔术后均己闭合,比较17眼黄斑裂孔无ILM剥除者中14眼术后裂孔闭合（P〉0.05）。5眼2期黄斑裂孔全闭合（100%）,3、4期黄斑裂孔术后闭合率各为93%和80%。未发现有何严重的并发症,最后视力多有进步、特别在2期黄斑裂孔之眼。结论对选择性病例,施行玻璃体切除并用ILM剥除是一有用且有效的治疗黄斑裂孔手术。     

玻璃体切割联合内界膜剥离术治疗特发性黄斑裂孔

目的评价玻璃体切割联合内界膜剥离术治疗特发性黄斑裂孔的临床疗效。方法采用玻璃体切割联合内界膜剥离术治疗特发性黄斑裂孔17例17眼,对患者术前术后视功能、术后黄斑裂孔闭合及手术主要并发症等进行检查和随访。结果本组17眼均成功剥离内界膜。随访5～24个月,其中13眼黄斑裂孔完全闭合,4眼裂孔直径缩小,裂孔封闭成功率为76.47%;17眼中14眼视力提高,视力提高率为82.35%;视物变形等症状也有明显改善。并发症主要有术中毛细血管性出血、术后一过性高眼压及晶状体后囊下混浊。结论玻璃体切割联合内界膜剥离术可有效封闭特发性黄斑裂孔,提高视功能。     

Long-term outcomes of internal limiting membrane peeling with and without indocyanine green in macular hole surgery

PURPOSE: To compare the long-term anatomic closure rate and visual outcome in patients who underwent internal limiting membrane (ILM) peeling with and without indocyanine green (ICG) dye staining for idiopathic macular hole repair. DESIGN: Retrospective, nonrandomized, comparative study of consecutive case series. METHODS: A total of 190 eyes of 182 patients with idiopathic macular holes underwent macular hole repair between March 1998 and June 2003. Surgery consisted of pars plana vitrectomy, lensectomy if phakic, ILM peeling, intravitreal gas tamponade, and 1 week's face-down positioning. In the initial 94 consecutive eyes, ILM peeling was performed without adjuvants (non-ICG group). The subsequent 96 eyes underwent surgery with ICG-stained ILM peeling (ICG group), in which the ILM was stained with intravitreal application of 0.1 to 0.2 mL of 0.1% ICG solution. RESULTS: Two groups of patients had comparable clinical backgrounds preoperatively. Mean follow-up time was 30.7 months in non-ICG group and 26.2 months in ICG group. Anatomic closure of the macular hole was achieved in 99% of the cases in both groups, with both groups showing statistically significant visual improvement. There was no statistically significant difference in visual acuity between the two groups at each follow-up visit. There were also no intraoperative or postoperative complications attributed to the use of ICG. CONCLUSIONS: Long-term follow-up of patients undergoing ILM peeling for idiopathic macular hole repair shows equivalent anatomic and visual outcomes with and without the use of ICG.     

Macular pucker removal with and without internal limiting membrane peeling: pilot study

OBJECTIVE: To investigate results of macular pucker surgery with and without internal limiting membrane (ILM) peeling. DESIGN: Retrospective noncomparative interventional case series. PARTICIPANTS: Forty-four consecutive patients underwent pars plana vitrectomy to remove an idiopathic macular pucker by two surgeons from June 1999 to July 2000. INTERVENTION: During the vitrectomy, one surgeon removed only the macular epiretinal membrane (24 patients), whereas the other surgeon removed the macular epiretinal membrane and then performed an additional ILM peeling (20 patients). MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Visual acuity and recurrence of macular pucker. RESULTS: Twenty-four (55%) patients underwent pars plana vitrectomy without ILM peeling, and 20 patients (45%) underwent pars plana vitrectomy with ILM peeling. Visual acuity improved or was unchanged in 79% of operated eyes without ILM peeling and 100% of operated eyes with ILM peeling (P = 0.01). Visual acuity improved 5 or more lines in 25% of operated eyes without ILM peeling and 30% of operated eyes with ILM peeling. At the final visit, 21% of eyes without ILM peeling at the initial surgery showed postoperative recurrent macular pucker or persistent contraction to the ILM, whereas none of the eyes with ILM peeling had evidence of this. CONCLUSIONS: This pilot study provides evidence that peeling of the ILM during macular pucker surgery may not have deleterious effects.     

Long-term follow-up after macular hole surgery with internal limiting membrane peeling

PURPOSE: To report long-term anatomical and functional results after pars plana vitrectomy with peeling of the internal limiting membrane (ILM) for idiopathic macular hole. DESIGN: Prospective, nonrandomized, consecutive series. METHODS: Ninety-nine patients with a follow-up of at least 12 months were included. The surgical technique consisted of a standard pars plana vitrectomy, removal of the ILM, and an intraocular gas tamponade (15% hexafluoroethane [C(2)F(6)] gas mixture) followed by head-down positioning for at least 5 days. Follow-up examinations included a clinical examination, Goldmann perimetry, optical coherence tomography, and static microperimetry using a Rodenstock scanning laser ophthalmoscope (SLO-105). Stimulus size was 0.2 degrees (Goldmann II), intensities employed were 0 and 12 dB. Twenty-degree fields were used for all tests. RESULTS: Mean period of review was 32 months (median 34). Anatomic closure was achieved in 86 (87%) of 99 patients by one surgical procedure. Nine patients underwent a successful second operation with an improvement of visual acuity in 7 patients. The closure rate after two surgical interventions was 96%. Best-corrected visual acuity improved from a median of 20/100 preoperatively to a median of 20/40 postoperatively (P <.001). An improvement of visual acuity was achieved in 94% of patients. In 13 of 99 patients (13%) a combined vitrectomy and cataract surgery with intraocular lens implant was performed; 72 patients (73%) underwent cataract surgery later. Ninety of 99 patients (91%) were pseudophakic on last presentation. Paracentral scotomata did not change in size, density, or shape over time. Its incidence was not correlated with the stage of the macular hole. No postoperative epiretinal membrane formation or late reopening of the macular hole was observed. One patient presented with a peripheral visual field defect after vitrectomy. CONCLUSIONS: Macular hole surgery with peeling of the ILM without the use of adjuvants or ILM staining leads to good functional long-term results. Paracentral scotomata remained subclinical in most cases and may be due to a mechanical trauma of the nerve fiber layer.     

视网膜内界膜剥除术治疗特发性黄斑裂孔疗效探讨

目的 通过分析玻璃体切割联合视网膜内界膜剥除治疗特发性黄斑裂孔的手术效果,针对"内界膜剥除治疗特发性黄斑裂孔的不同观点"进行探讨.方法 黄斑裂孔患者71例71只眼,均施行玻璃体切除联合内界膜剥除,玻璃体内注气.随访12个月以上,观察不同分期裂孔的闭合率、视力以及mfERG的变化情况.结果 67只眼(94.37%)黄斑裂孔闭合,Ⅱ期裂孔两周内全部闭和,Ⅳ期裂孔两周闭和率仅为31.3%;71只IMH眼手术后1年视力提高59只眼,占83.10%,视力不变7眼,占9.86%,视力减退5眼,占7.04%.手术前、后视力高于0.1者分别为35只眼(49.26%)、65只眼(91.55%),经x2检验差异有统计学意义;一年后,Ⅱ期、Ⅲ期、Ⅳ期裂孔视力0.5以上者分别为81.25%、15.38%、0.经统计学分析,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05),Ⅱ期、Ⅲ期和Ⅳ期术后视力提高率分别为93.6%、84.6%和62.5%.并且,手术后1年mfERG一阶函数的1环和2环P1波反应密度不断增加,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05);而3、4、5环P1波反应密度与手术前比较,差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05).结论 玻璃体切割联合视网膜内界膜剥除治疗特发性黄斑裂孔是非常有效的方法,但需要熟练掌握手术操作技术和技巧,把术后并发症控制在最低限度.

Abstract：

Objective To estimate the therapeutic effect of vitrectomy with internal limiting membrane peeling in the treatment of idiopathic macular hole,to approach the different viewpoint about the vitrectomy with internal limiting membrane(ILM)peeling in the treatment of idiopathic macular hole.Methods In 71 eyes of 71 cases underwent vitrectomy with ILM peeling for idiopathic macular hole were analyzed retrospectively,air-fluid exchanged and C3F8 tamponaded.The follow-up after the surgery was 12 months.The best corrected visual acuity,mfERG and the rate of concrescence were observed.Results Anatomic closure of the macular hole was achieved in 67(94.37%)patients,59(83.10%)patients achieved a better final visual acuity.Preoperatively,the best corrected visual acuity above 0.1 was 35(49.26%)patients.Postoperatively,the best corrected visual acuity above 0.1 was 65(91.55%)patients(P ＜0.05).After a year,the best corrected visual acuity above 0.5 for 2,3,4 stage of macular hole were 81.25%,15.38%,0,respectively.Amplitude of wave P1 of ring 1 and ring 2 by mfERG was significantly increased in postoperatively than that in preoperatively(P＜0.05).There was no significantly difference for P1 of ring 3,ring 4 and ring 5 between postoperatively and preoperatively(P ＞0.05).Conclusions Parsplana vitrectomy with ILM peeling is an effective method to treat macular hole.But the risks should be treated carefully.     

Funktionelle Langzeitergebnisse nach Makulaforamenchirurgie

PURPOSE: This study reports on the long-term results of macular hole surgery with peeling of the ILM. METHODS: A total of 88 consecutive patients (71 female, 17 male, mean age 67 years) were prospectively evaluated. All patients underwent a standard pars plana vitrectomy with removal of the ILM and an intraocular gas tamponade. Preoperatively, as well as on each follow-up visit, a clinical examination including measurement of best corrected visual acuity, Goldman perimetry, and OCT was performed. RESULTS: The mean postoperative follow-up was 49 months; 83 (94%) patients were pseudophakic at the last examination. Anatomic closure was achieved in 84 (95%) patients. No late reopening of the macular hole was observed. Best corrected visual acuity improved in 82 patients (93%), remained unchanged in 2, and deteriorated in 4 patients. Best corrected visual acuity improved from a median of 0.2 preoperatively to a median of 0.6 postoperatively (p<0.001). Duration of symptoms as well as low preoperative visual acuity had no significant impact on anatomic and functional success. CONCLUSIONS: Macular hole surgery leads to good functional and anatomical results, even in the long term. A long history of visual impairment and low visual acuity before surgery are not contraindications to surgical intervention.     

Vitrectomy without internal limiting membrane peeling for macular retinoschisis and foveal detachment in highly myopic eyes

Purpose: To report the surgical outcome of pars plana vitrectomy (PPV) without internal limiting membrane (ILM) peeling in three highly myopic patients with macular retinoschisis and associated posterior staphyloma. Methods: We report three highly myopic patients with macular retinoschisis and foveal detachment who underwent simple PPV without ILM peeling, with long‐acting gas tamponade. Main outcome evaluations included best corrected visual acuity, biomicroscopic appearance and optical coherence tomography findings. Results: Pars plana vitrectomy without ILM peeling resulted in anatomic and functional improvement in all three operated eyes for follow‐up periods of ≥ 12 months. Conclusions: Pars plana vitrectomy without ILM peeling is effective for treating macular retinoschisis and foveal detachment in highly myopic eyes with posterior staphyloma. Visual and anatomic outcomes are comparable with those in previous studies in which ILM removal was performed.     

玻璃体切除联合内界膜剥除治疗黄斑孔

目的 探讨玻璃体切除联合内界膜剥除治疗黄斑孔的临床疗效。方法 采用玻璃体切除结合内界膜剥除治疗黄斑孔16例(16眼)，术中使用吲哚青绿(ICG)染色内界膜。结果 内界膜可被ICG染成均匀的淡绿色，而黄斑前膜不被ICG染色，16眼均能安全地剥离内界膜。本组16眼中13眼(81．25％)术后黄斑孔完全封闭。8眼(50．00％)术后较术前视力提高2行以上。结论 玻璃体手术联合黄斑孔周围内界膜剁除可有效地封闭黄斑孔，提高视力。视网膜内界膜可被ICG染色，术中使用ICG染色有助于内界膜及黄斑前膜的辨认和剥除。     

Sub-retinal hemorrhage during internal limiting membrane peeling for a macular hole

PURPOSE: To report the occurrence of sub-retinal hemorrhage during peeling of the internal limiting membrane (ILM). CASE REPORTS: In case 1, a three-port pars plana vitrectomy was performed on a 57-year-old woman with a macular hole. Following the staining of the ILM with indocyanine green, the ILM was peeled with forceps, and a sub-retinal and vitreous hemorrhage resulted from a vein during the peeling. The bleeding was stopped by elevating the intraocular pressure. The final visual acuity was 20/30. In case 2, similar procedures were performed on a 68-year-old woman with a macular hole. A sub-retinal hemorrhage occurred while peeling the ILM. The pre-operative visual acuity was 20/300, and final visual acuity was 20/200. CONCLUSIONS: Surgeons should be aware that sub-retinal and vitreous hemorrhage can be a complication of ILM peeling.     

Idiopathic macular hole surgery with low-concentration infracyanine green-assisted peeling of the internal limiting membrane

PURPOSE: To evaluate the efficacy of pars plana vitrectomy with infracyanine green (IFCG)-assisted internal limiting membrane peeling for the treatment of idiopathic macular hole. DESIGN: Prospective, noncomparative interventional case series. METHODS: Thirty-eight consecutive eyes of 35 patients with idiopathic macular hole were included in the study. Patients underwent early treatment diabetic retinopathy (ETDRS) visual acuity examination, dilated ophthalmoscopy, and optical coherence tomography before treatment and during follow-up. Fluorescein angiography was done in selected cases. Patients underwent a three-port pars plana vitrectomy with complete posterior hyaloid and epiretinal membrane removal. The internal limiting membrane (ILM) was stained with 0.5 cc of IFCG (0.5 mg/ml, 308 mOsm) and peeled up to the vascular arcades. Perfluoropropane gas (C(3)F(8)) 10% was used as tamponade. RESULTS: Mean follow-up duration was 10 +/- 5 months (range, 3 to 24 months). Six eyes had stage 2 macular hole, 15 eyes stage 3, and 16 eyes stage 4. Overall, 37 of 38 macular holes closed after a single surgery. Median visual acuity was 20/100 (range, 20/400 to 20/50) before surgery and 20/50 (range, 20/640 to 20/25) after surgery. Visual acuity after surgery was 20/50 or better in 24 of 38 (63.1%) eyes. Twenty-five (65.8%) eyes improved by 2 or more lines, nine (23.7%) eyes were stable, and four (10.5%) eyes worsened by 2 or more lines. CONCLUSIONS: This study suggests that IFCG (0.05%) effectively stains the ILM with apparent safety, and that IFCG-assisted peeling of the ILM may be useful in the treatment of idiopathic macular hole.     

Long-term outcomes of macular hole surgery with triamcinolone acetonide-assisted internal limiting membrane peeling

PURPOSE: To report long-term anatomical and functional results after pars plana vitrectomy with internal limiting membrane (ILM) peeling using triamcinolone acetonide (TA) for idiopathic macular holes. DESIGN: Prospective, consecutive, interventional case series. METHODS: Ninety-six eyes of 94 patients who underwent macular hole surgery with TA-assisted ILM peeling were included in the study. Patients with <12 months of follow-up were excluded. On 82 phakic eyes, simultaneous phacoemulsification with intraocular lens implantation was performed. Follow-up examinations included clinical examination, determination of best-corrected visual acuity, intraocular pressure measurement, optical coherence tomography, Goldmann perimetry, and static perimetry using the Humphrey visual field analyzer. The main outcome measures were postoperative visual acuity, macular hole status, and postoperative complications. RESULTS: The mean follow-up period was 17 months (range, 12-30 months). TA improved visualization of the ILM, and the peeled area was seen as an area lacking white specks. All macular holes successfully closed after primary surgery. Mean visual acuity improved from 0.26 to 1.0 at the final visit (P < 0.0001), with 90 eyes (94%) having improvement of visual acuity. Postoperative complications included retinal detachment in one patient and transient intraocular pressure elevation in five patients. CONCLUSIONS: Although transient intraocular pressure elevation was observed in a few patients, the use of TA in macular hole surgery may be an effective and safe technique to facilitate visualization of the ILM and can lead to good long-term anatomical and functional results.