旋转磁场引导下顺磁纳米铁核素靶向治疗的数学模型

该研究使用MATHCAD软件对旋转磁场引导的顺磁纳米铁核素粒子靶向治疗系统进行理论研究。这个研究是采用一种新的磁性药物-适应于肿瘤治疗的顺磁纳米铁核素（PNINs）,当PNINs被注入血管时,旋转磁场有磁性地引导顺磁纳米铁核素粒子通过循环系统．然后被保留在靶位置。文章探讨建立表征铁磁性药物颗粒在引导磁场中所受磁场力数学模型的方法。首先,由电磁场理论导出的磁场力的一般数学表达式;然后,基于引导磁场磁路的对称性给出其磁场力简化数学模型;最后给出静态磁场和旋转磁场条什下的铁磁性药物颗粒所受磁场力的数学模型。这些数学模型的建立为定性和定量分析铁磁性药物颗粒在引导磁场磁路中的靶向治疗的作用机理奠定了基础。研究结果表明,在靶位置有磁性地靶向聚集顺磁纳米铁核素粒子是可行的和非常有希望的;通过旋转磁场磁导向顺磁纳米铁核素（PNINs）的新方法也是可行的。这个研究显示基于旋转磁场的作用下,PNINs粒子作为一种新的和有效的靶向治疗“药物”具有许多应用前景。     

外磁场引导下顺磁纳米铁核素的靶向治疗的理论模型

应用电磁场理论确定引导磁场下顺磁纳米铁核素（PNINs）的运动规律及理论模型。该数学模型及计算机模拟结果成功地解释了铁磁性药物颗粒在引导磁场的作用下随磁场的变化关系，且铁磁性药物颗粒在外引导磁场的作用下能够在靶部位定位分布。理论结果与文献中已发表的实验结果相吻合。     

顺磁纳米铁核素治疗的放射性剂量率比较研究

目的:探讨放射源顺磁纳米铁核素(PNINs)肿瘤内照射治疗时,源的分布状态对疗效产生的影响。方法:对放射源PNINs在被外磁场靶向在肿瘤区域以均匀状态分布和直接瘤内注射以点源状态分布在肿瘤中心处时,两种不同分布状态的剂量率进行比较研究。结果:采取瘤内注射的方法使得PNINs以点源的形式作用在肿瘤中心的方式其最大作用距离为0.53 cm,其有效杀伤距离还会小于0.53 cm;若肿瘤若肿瘤半径大于0.53 cm则应该考虑采取用外磁场靶向的方法使得PNINs以平均分布于肿瘤整个区域的方式来获得较好的疗效。结论:其比较结果为PNINs的临床运用提供有益的理论参考。     

顺磁纳米铁核素的研制及性能分析

目的 :本研究制备了一种新型的、可定位治疗肿瘤的药物—顺磁放射性纳米铁核素。方法 :采用羰基法制备纳米铁 ,然后通过脉冲中子反应堆辐照纳米铁获得顺磁纳米铁核素。结果 :放射性核素———纳米铁的平均粒径<10 0nm ,具有超顺磁性、放射性活度和较好的磁导向功能 ,可有效定位于靶区。结论 :该研究为肿瘤的治疗提供了一种新型的方法和材料 ,即顺磁纳米铁核素定位治疗肿瘤的方法。     

旋转磁场中加导磁材料后其磁场分布研究

目的:根据靶向治疗的原理,利用外加磁场引导磁性药物至肿瘤部位并滞留,分析在靶部位处外加导磁材料后磁场的分布。方法:建立纳米铁受力的物理模型。用ANSYS软件进行了磁场分布的模拟。结果:导磁材料附近磁场强度明显增强,并且与周围组织的磁场强度差别很大,纳米铁可以高效的聚积于此处。结论:旋转磁场及导磁材料有助于放射性纳米铁核素在肿瘤部位的聚集,减少体内其它部位的残留,提高靶向治疗的效果。为今后的研究奠定了基础。     

静磁场靶向药物递送系统在肿瘤诊疗中的研究进展

化疗是治疗肿瘤的传统手段之一,但其具有组织非特异性,在抑制肿瘤细胞生长的同时也会对正常细胞产生毒副作用.磁靶向药物递送系统可通过具有生物相容性的、稳定的磁性纳米颗粒载体将抗癌药物在外磁场的引导下,靶向运输和浓聚在肿瘤组织.该技术不仅提高了药物运输的效率和药物的抗癌活性,还能降低药物用量和减轻毒副作用.载药磁性纳米颗粒和所应用的外磁场的性质是影响磁性纳米颗粒靶向肿瘤组织的重要影响因素.载药磁性纳米颗粒的靶向递送是否有效,主要依赖靶向目标位置处所应用的磁场和磁场强度是否足够吸引束缚载药磁性纳米颗粒在肿瘤组织中停留以及释放.对静磁场在引导磁性纳米颗粒靶向肿瘤组织研究的新进展进行综述,为静磁场在靶向肿瘤治疗方面提供一定的科研基础支持.     

磁性药物靶向治疗的进展

磁性药物靶向治疗是利用磁场使具有磁响应的药物聚焦在靶部位,提高靶部位药物的浓度,降低药物对正常组织的毒性和副作用。本文介绍和评估了磁性药物靶向治疗的发展,并展望了其未来的前景。     

磁性药物靶向治疗的进展

磁性药物靶向治疗是利用磁场使具有磁响应的药物聚焦在靶部位，提高靶部位药物的浓度，降低药物对正常组织的毒性和副作用。本介绍和评估了磁性药物靶向治疗的发展，并展望了其未来的前景。     

磁性紫杉醇-四氧化三铁-载药脂质体复合体微粒磁靶向脑内分布的实验研究

目的探讨磁性紫杉醇-四氧化三铁-载药脂质体复合体微粒在磁场作用下在脑内的定向分布趋向。方法用壳聚糖、胆固醇、纳米级四氧化三铁、紫杉醇制成载药复合体微粒,通过体外透射电子显微镜和磁力计观察其形态和磁感应性。经尾静脉注入实验大鼠体内,头部一侧外加永磁磁场1 h。取大脑皮质,行普鲁士蓝染色,观察铁磁微粒在脑内的分布情况;高效液相色谱分析测定脑组织内紫杉醇含量。结果磁性紫杉醇-四氧化三铁-载药脂质体复合体微粒系统粒径15 nm左右,在外加磁场作用下可以定向积聚于靶区。普鲁士蓝染色显示实验组动物脑毛细血管外周和脑组织细胞内有铁微粒进入;高效液相色谱分析显示磁场靶区脑组织内紫杉醇浓度是对照组的5倍以上。结论磁性紫杉醇-四氧化三铁-载药脂质体复合体微粒是一种较理想的药物载体,具有良好的超顺磁响应性,在外加磁场驱动下可通过血-脑屏障定向分布于脑组织细胞间质并进入细胞内,显著提高靶区化学治疗药物浓度,提高抗肿瘤效应。     

磁靶向定位灌注化疗膀胱癌磁性吡柔比星纳米粒的制备与评价

目的构建一种新型的磁靶向定位灌注化疗膀胱癌的吡柔比星纳米制剂,并探讨其磁靶向定位及抗膀胱癌细胞特性,为定位灌注化疗膀胱癌的临床应用提供帮助。方法通过N-N'-羰基二咪唑(CDI)交联剂将治疗膀胱癌的临床药物吡柔比星(pirarubicin,THP)连接在表面氨基化的四氧化三铁(Fe3O4)磁性纳米粒上,制备具有磁性的THP纳米制剂,并在体外考察其磁定位性能和对膀胱癌细胞的抑制作用。结果 THP成功地连接到了粒径40 nm左右的Fe3O4磁性纳米粒上,磁性药物制剂在不同p H值的缓冲液中药物在90%以上,并可在外界磁场作用下定位于靶向部位。对膀胱癌细胞可造成THP和Fe3O4双重抑制效果,抑制率高达58.44%。结论该纳米制剂可通过外界磁场定位于靶向部位,膀胱癌细胞抑制效果明显,为临床定位灌注化疗的应用奠定了基础。     

Iron oxide nanoparticles as a drug delivery vehicle for MRI monitored magnetic targeting of brain tumors

This study explored the possibility of utilizing iron oxide nanoparticles as a drug delivery vehicle for minimally invasive, MRI-monitored magnetic targeting of brain tumors. In vitro determined hydrodynamic diameter of approximately 100 nm, saturation magnetization of 94 emicro/g Fe and T2 relaxivity of 43 s(-1)mm(-)(1) of the nanoparticles suggested their applicability for this purpose. In vivo effect of magnetic targeting on the extent and selectivity of nanoparticle accumulation in tumors of rats harboring orthotopic 9L-gliosarcomas was quantified with MRI. Animals were intravenously injected with nanoparticles (12 mg Fe/kg) under a magnetic field density of 0 T (control) or 0.4 T (experimental) applied for 30 min. MR images were acquired prior to administration of nanoparticles and immediately after magnetic targeting at 1h intervals for 4h. Image analysis revealed that magnetic targeting induced a 5-fold increase in the total glioma exposure to magnetic nanoparticles over non-targeted tumors (p=0.005) and a 3.6-fold enhancement in the target selectivity index of nanoparticle accumulation in glioma over the normal brain (p=0.025). In conclusion, accumulation of iron oxide nanoparticles in gliosarcomas can be significantly enhanced by magnetic targeting and successfully quantified by MR imaging. Hence, these nanoparticles appear to be a promising vehicle for glioma-targeted drug delivery.     

Magnetic targeting after femoral artery administration and biocompatibility assessment of superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles

Ferrofluids are attractive candidates for magnetic targeting system because of their fluidity and magnetism. The magnetic nanoparticles in ferrofluids should have combined properties of superparamagnetic behavior, target localization, and biocompatibility. The magnetic targeting and biocompatibility of superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles stabilized by alginate (SPION-alginate) was investigated in vitro and in vivo. The localization of SPION-alginate by an external magnetic field in vitro was quantitatively evaluated by determining the iron content, and the results revealed that the localization ratio of SPION-alginate was 56%. Magnetic targeting of the SPION-alginate after femoral artery administration with the magnetic field in rats was quantitatively investigated by iron content and qualitatively confirmed by histological evaluation and magnetic resonance imaging. The ratio of iron content between the target site and the nontarget site were 8.88 at 0.5 h and 7.50 at 2 h, respectively. The viability of RAW264.7 cells and L929 cells was apparently unaltered upon exposure to SPION-alginate. The incubation with erythrocytes indicated that the SPION-alginate did not induce erythrocytes hemolysis and aggregation. In conclusions, the SPION-alginate had magnetic targeting with an external magnetic field and did not be detained at the injection site without the magnetic field. The SPION-alginate was generally considered to be biocompatible in cytotoxicity and hemolysis aspects.     

Targeting of cancer with radiolabeled antibodies. Prospects for imaging and therapy

This article reviews the current status, including problems and some proposed solutions, of the targeting of cancer with radioactive antibodies for use in antibody imaging (radioimmunodetection) and radioimmunotherapy. The problems and results are similar for purified polyclonal and murine monoclonal antibodies. Foremost among the problems are the low accretion of antibody (0.01% to 0.001% of injected dose per gram) in tumor and the nonspecific deposition of radiometals that are more ideal for imaging or therapy after antibody conjugation. Despite these limitations, radioimmunodetection appears to be a safe and useful method, even at this early stage of development. Sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy rates of 80% to 90% have been achieved in some studies involving radioiodine labels and polyclonal or monoclonal antibodies, whereas lower percentages have been achieved with indium 111 or technetium Tc 99m radioconjugates. Even at a usual tumor resolution of 1.5 to 2.0 cm, occult cancers have been disclosed by radioimmunodetection when missed by traditional detection measures, including computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging. Radioimmunotherapy is somewhat less developed as a treatment modality, but encouraging remissions have been observed, thus stimulating further active pursuit of this technology. These targeting results have been achieved with antibodies that are not truly cancer specific, but only exploit quantitative differences in antigen expression between tumor and adjacent normal tissues. Circulating target tumor antigens do not appear to prevent successful tumor targeting of the radioactive antibodies.     

Magnetic targeting of surface-modified superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles yields antibacterial efficacy against biofilms of gentamicin-resistant staphylococci

Biofilms on biomaterial implants are hard to eradicate with antibiotics due to the protection offered by the biofilm mode of growth, especially when caused by antibiotic-resistant strains. Superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (SPIONs) are widely used in various biomedical applications, such as targeted drug delivery and magnetic resonance imaging. Here, we evaluate the hypothesis that SPIONs can be effective in the treatment of biomaterial-associated infection. SPIONs can be targeted to the infection site using an external magnetic field, causing deep penetration in a biofilm and possibly effectiveness against antibiotic-resistant strains. We report that carboxyl-grafted SPIONs, magnetically concentrated in a biofilm, cause an approximately 8-fold higher percentage of dead staphylococci than does gentamicin for a gentamicin-resistant strain in a developing biofilm. Moreover, magnetically concentrated carboxyl-grafted SPIONs cause bacterial killing in an established biofilm. Thus magnetic targeting of SPIONs constitutes a promising alternative for the treatment of costly and recalcitrant biomaterial-associated infections by antibiotic-resistant strains.     

Description and characterization of the novel hyperthermia- and thermoablation-system MFH 300F for clinical magnetic fluid hyperthermia

Magnetic fluid hyperthermia (MFH) is a new approach to deposit heat power in deep tissues by overcoming limitations of conventional heat treatments. After infiltration of the target tissue with nanosized magnetic particles, the power of an alternating magnetic field is transformed into heat. The combination of the 100 kHz magnetic field applicator MFH 300F and the magnetofluid (MF), which both are designed for medical use, is investigated with respect to its dosage recommendations and clinical applicability. We found a magnetic field strength of up to 18 kA/m in a cylindrical treatment area of 20 cm diameter and aperture height up to 300 mm. The specific absorption rate (SAR) can be controlled directly by the magnetic field strength during the treatment. The relationship between magnetic field strength and the iron normalized SAR (SAR(Fe)) is only slightly depending on the concentration of the MF and can be used for planning the target SAR. The achievable energy absorption rates of the MF distributed in the tissue is sufficient for either hyperthermia or thermoablation. The fluid has a visible contrast in therapeutic concentrations on a CT scanner and can be detected down to 0.01 g/l Fe in the MRI. The system has proved its capability and practicability for heat treatment in deep regions of the human body.