甘肃省天祝县幽门螺杆菌感染状况分析

目的 调查甘肃省天祝县居民幽门螺杆菌(Hp)感染状况及其流行相关因素.方法 采用血清幽门螺杆菌IgG抗体金标免疫斑点渗滤法和14C-UBT检测天祝县1 495名常住居民幽门螺杆菌感染状况.结果 天祝县幽门螺杆菌感染率74.0%,藏族、汉族及不同性别比较,其感染率差异均无统计学意义(P＞0.05);山区感染率显著高于城区(P＜0.01);随着年龄增长,幽门螺杆菌感染率逐渐升高,到30岁左右达到最高值;干部感染率显著低于农民、工人和医护人员(P＜0.05);幽门螺杆菌感染有家庭聚集现象;幽门螺杆菌感染与饮水源显著相关,饮用自来水者感染率显著低于饮用井水和池塘/沟渠/河水者(P＜0.01).幽门螺杆菌感染与年人均收入、碗筷刷洗情况、便后洗手、上消化道症状显著相关(P＜0.05).结论 天祝县居民幽门螺杆菌感染率较高,其感染率与经济状况、生活卫生习惯、饮用水源和上消化道症状等影响因素显著相关.     

贵阳市老年人幽门螺杆菌感染及影响因素分析

目的了解贵州省会贵阳市城区（云岩区、南明区、小河区）部分老年人及其家庭幽门螺杆菌（Hp）的感染率及相关影响因素。方法采用统一调查表进行问卷调查；抽取静脉血5m1，用同一批胃幽门螺杆菌金标免疫斑点法快速诊断试剂盒测定抗Hp-IgG。结果贵阳市城区老年人Hp感染率为66．55％。Hp感染阳性人群的配偶中，抗Hp-IgG阳性率分别为75．70％。Hp感染阳性者其配偶抗Hp-IgG阳性率显著高于Hp感染阴性者（P〈0．01）。结论贵阳市城区老年人Hp感染率较高，并有家族聚集现象，应引起高度重视；改善社会经济状况，养成良好卫生习惯可以有效控制Hp感染。     

沈阳市学龄前儿童幽门螺杆菌感染与疾病相关性分析

目的：探讨学龄前儿童幽门螺杆菌（Hp）感染与疾病的相关性。方法采用整群抽样方法抽取沈阳市8所幼儿园的1150例儿童为调查对象,并行血清学Hp-IgG抗体、血常规检查和家长问卷调查。结果有151例感染Hp,其中Hp阳性组有60例儿童有胃肠道症状,其患病率（39.74%）高于Hp阴性组（18.12%）,差异有统计学意义（χ2=37.00,P＜0.01）;Hp阳性组儿童腹痛发生率（15.89%）亦明显高于Hp阴性组（6.81%）,差异有统计学意义（χ2=14.72,P＜0.01）;Hp感染与贫血、慢性皮肤病无明显相关性（P＞0.05）。结论 Hp感染是导致沈阳地区学龄前儿童消化道不适的主要原因。     

北京市西城区护国寺中医院就诊患者幽门螺杆菌感染状况分析

目的 了解北京市西城区护国寺中医院就诊患者1 132例人群中幽门螺杆菌（Hp）的感染状况及分布情况.方法 采用13C-尿素呼气试验检测慢性幽门螺旋杆菌感染情况检测受检者. 结果 Hp感染总阳性率46.9％,男性阳性率53.6％,女性阳性率43.7％,女性感染低于男性.男女间Hp阳性率差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）.各年龄组间Hp阳性率差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）,随年龄增大Hp阳性率增高.各组间进行两两比较后发现,18～岁组与31～岁组间,18～岁组与51～岁组之间,18～岁组与71～90岁组之间Hp阳性率差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）. 结论 北京市西城区护国寺地区Hp感染率与全国平均水平相当,男性感染率高于女性,31岁以上的受检者感染率显著高于30岁及以下成人.     

应用免疫印迹法探讨血清幽门螺杆菌抗体谱与上消化道疾病的关系

目的：用免疫印迹法检测幽门螺杆菌（Hp）感染中不同血清分型与慢性浅表性胃炎（CSG）、慢性萎缩性胃炎（CAG）、消化性溃疡（PU）和胃癌（GC）的关系。方法：选取确诊为Hp感染的上消化道疾病患者205例,用Western blot法（免疫印迹法）测血清幽门螺杆菌抗体谱,检测Hp抗体分型,分析CagA和/或VacA抗体阳性的表达情况。结果：在Hp现症感染中,CSG、CAG、PU、GC患者的HpⅠ型感染比例明显高于Ⅱ型感染（P〈0.01）;PU及GC中HpⅠ型感染率高于CSG（P〈0.05）。不同年龄段及不同性别中HpⅠ型感染比例均高于Ⅱ型感染（P〈0.01）。各组的Hp I型感染者中以CagA＋VacA抗体为主,检出率为77.4%;其中以CSG组最低（70.4%）、GC组最高（81.8%）。各组CagA＋VacA抗体检出率显著高于单一CagA/VacA抗体检出率（P〈0.01）。结论：应用免疫印迹法进行幽门螺杆菌血清学分型检测对于上消化道疾病的判断有临床指导意义,Ⅰ型Hp感染更需要进行根治。     

185例上消化道出血患者幽门螺杆菌感染调查分析

目的 了解幽门螺杆菌(Hp)在上消化道出血患者中的感染情况,降低Hp感染发生率.方法 对2010年1月-2011年12月上消化道出血住院患者采用血浆Hp-IgG抗体胶体金法检测.结果 185例上消化道出血患者中Hp感染例数120例,感染率为64.9％,其中以30～39、40～49岁年龄段Hp感染率最高,分别为79.2％和81.0％,高于其他年龄段Hp感染率,差异均有统计学意义(P＜0.05);中度、重度出血程度Hp感染率最高,分别为78.2％和84.3％,显著高于轻度出血Hp感染率42.7％(x2=20.259,P＜0.01;x2=15.774,P＜0.01);消化性溃疡、出血性胃炎、胃癌Hp感染率最高,分别为87.9％ 、64.5％和79.2％,明显高于其他病因引起的上消化道出血(均P＜0.05).结论 上消化道出血患者Hp感染率在年龄、出血程度、病因方面有显著相关性.     

北京地区儿童幽门螺杆菌感染情况调查

目的调查北京地区消化道不适儿童幽门螺杆菌感染情况,为做好防治工作提供依据。方法采用间接固相免疫层析技术对2007年3月-2009年3月来北京儿童医院门诊就诊的13 795名消化道不适患儿进行幽门螺杆菌（Helicobacter pylori,Hp）感染检测,并对年龄、性别和季节因素与儿童幽门螺杆菌感染率进行相关分析。结果北京地区消化道不适儿童Hp感染率为13.40%~35.48%,平均感染率为20.34%。7 607名男性患儿现症感染阳性率18.79%,IgG阳性率21.31%;6 188例女性患儿现症感染阳性率16.53%,IgG阳性率19.15%;男性感染率明显高于女性。随着年龄的增长,Hp感染呈上升趋势。从7岁开始Hp感染显著增高,到17岁时达到35.48%。一、四季度儿童Hp感染率明显高于二、三季度。结论北京地区消化道不适儿童Hp感染率低于国内报道平均水平,但高于发达国家水平。儿童Hp感染呈现年龄、性别和季节性差异。     

成都市城区儿童幽门螺杆菌感染调查

目的通过调查分析成都市城区儿童幽门螺杆菌(Helicobacter pylori,Hp)感染的流行病学特征为防治提供参考。方法对成都市城区0~16岁共907例儿童进行粪便Hp抗原检测,并同时进行问卷调查,对Hp感染的相关因素进行x2检验及多因素Logistic回归分析。结果成都市城区儿童Hp平均自然感染率为6.3%,新生儿期即存在感染,感染率为8.33%,10岁后感染率明显升高,达到17.4%。经χ2检验及多因素Logistic回归分析显示,Hp感染与年龄、家庭成员有消化道疾病、吸允手指相关,与同居人口数可能相关。结论成都市城区非儿童Hp感染高发地区,生活条件及卫生习惯是Hp感染的重要危险因素,预防应有针对性进行。     

儿童感染幽门螺杆菌对微量元素影响的探讨

目的通过了解儿童感染幽门螺杆菌后其微量元素水平的变化,为临床合理补充微量元素提供科学依据。方法检测400例儿童血清中幽门螺杆菌IgG抗体和IgM抗体,同时应用原子吸收光谱法测量其全血微量元素锌、铁、钙、铜、镁的含量。结果小儿Hp现症感染率为10.5%,既往感染率为2.0%。Hp感染组儿童全血中铁的水平明显低于未感染组（P〈0.05）,而且感染组的铁缺乏率高于未感染组（P〈0.05）,而锌、钙、镁、铜水平以及缺乏率在两组之间差异无统计学意义（P〉0.05）。结论 Hp感染是造成或加重儿童铁缺乏的重要因素;对Hp感染患儿应进行铁元素含量检测,必要时给予补铁治疗,以减少由此引起的铁缺乏对儿童生长发育的影响。     

农村儿童少年幽门螺杆菌感染状况调查

目的了解安徽和广州两地农村儿童少年幽门螺杆菌(HP)感染情况.方法采用血清流行病学方法,对209名20岁以下儿童少年进行HP感染的血清学调查.结果安徽和广州两地农村HP感染率分别为52.5%和29.6%(P＜0.005);平均抗体水平分别为1.99±0.42和1.70±0.43(P＜0.005).父母均为阳性的子女HP感染率为47.8%,平均抗体水平2.10±0.54,明显高于父母均为阴性子女的感染率(24.1%)和平均抗体水平(1.77±0.53)(P＜0.005,P＜0.01).结论两地间HP感染率及平均抗体水平有差异.子女HP阳性与父母感染有关.HP可在人与人之间传播.     

Self-rated health status and health care utilization among immigrant and non-immigrant Israeli Jewish women.

INTRODUCTION: Since 1989, Israel has absorbed over 700,000 Jewish immigrants from the former Soviet Union, among them about 375,000 women. Immigrants are known to have greater and/or different health needs than non-immigrant residents, and to face unique barriers to receiving care. However, research addressing the specific health problems of these immigrant women has been scarce. OBJECTIVES: To compare self-reported health status and health care utilization patterns among immigrant and non-immigrant Israeli Jewish women; and to explore ways to overcome existing barriers to their care. METHODS: A telephone survey was conducted in September and October 1998 among a random national sample of women age 22 and over, using a standard questionnaire. In all, 849 interviews were completed, with a response rate of 84%. In this article we present comparative data from a sub-set that included 760 immigrant respondents from the former Soviet Union and non-immigrant Jewish respondents. RESULTS: A greater proportion of immigrant versus non-immigrant women reported poor perceived health status (17% vs. 4%), chronic disease (61% vs. 38%), disability (31% vs. 18%) and depressive mood symptoms (52% vs. 38%). Lower rates of immigrant women visited a gynecologist regularly (57% vs. 83%) and were satisfied with their primary care physician. Lower rates of immigrants reported discussing health promotion issues such as smoking, diet, physical activity, HRT, and calcium intake with their physician. The article concludes with a discussion of the implications of the findings for designing services that will effectively promote immigrant women's health, both in Israel and elsewhere.     

1442例儿童幽门螺杆菌感染状况及相关性疾病分析

了解天津市儿童幽门螺杆菌染状态,探讨儿童Ｈｐ感染状况与相关性疾病的关系。方法采用ＥＬＩＳＡ方法对１４４２例儿童进行血清抗Ｈｐ－ＩｇＧ检测,对其中有消化道症状的９１６例行胃镜检查,同时取胃窦粘膜３块分别作病理组织学检查及快速尿素酶、改良Ｇｉｅｍｓａ染色找Ｈｐ菌,取胃液检测Ｈｐ－ＰＣＲ。     

‘The Healthy Migrant Effect’ for Mental Health in England: Propensity-score Matched Analysis Using the EMPIRIC Survey

Evidence has demonstrated that immigrants have a mental health advantage over the indigenous population of developed countries. However, much of the evidence-base demonstrating this mental health advantage is susceptible to confounding and inadequate adjustment across immigrant and non-immigrant groups preventing a rigorous assessment of a ’healthy migrant effect’. To compare the risk of common mental disorders in the immigrant population compared to the non-immigrant population in ethnic minority groups in England. A propensity-score matched analysis was carried out to adequately balance immigrant and non-immigrant groups for known confounders using the EMPIRIC national survey of Black-Caribbean, Indian, Pakistani and Bangladeshi groups. The mental health of participants was assessed using the validated Revised Clinical Interview Schedule tool. Immigrant participants were significantly less likely to have a common mental disorder than non-immigrant participants; OR?=?0.47, (95% CI 0.40, 0.56). The results from this study demonstrate that a mental health advantage exists in ethnic minority immigrants compared to non-immigrants when balancing the two groups for confounding factors. This may be due to immigrants possessing certain personality traits, such as "psychological hardiness", that the migration process may select for.     

Health insurance coverage of immigrants living in the United States: differences by citizenship status and country of origin

OBJECTIVES: This study examined health insurance coverage among immigrants who are not US citizens and among individuals from the 16 countries with the largest number of immigrants living in the United States. METHODS: We analyzed data from the 1998 Current Population Survey, using logistic regression to standardize rates of employer-sponsored coverage by country of origin. RESULTS: In 1997, 16.7 million immigrants were not US citizens. Among non-citizens, 43% of children and 12% of elders lacked health insurance, compared with 14% of non-immigrant children and 1% of non-immigrant elders. Approximately 50% of non-citizen full-time workers had employer-sponsored coverage, compared with 81% of non-immigrant full-time workers. Immigrants from Guatemala, Mexico, El Salvador, Haiti, Korea, and Vietnam were the most likely to be uninsured. Among immigrants who worked full-time, sociodemographic and employment characteristics accounted for most of the variation in employer health insurance. For Central American immigrants, legal status may play a role in high un-insurance rates. CONCLUSIONS: Immigrants who are not US citizens are much less likely to receive employer-sponsored health insurance or government coverage; 44% are uninsured. Ongoing debates on health insurance reform and efforts to improve coverage will need to focus attention on this group.     

Emotional and Behavioral Disorders in 1.5th Generation, 2nd Generation Immigrant Children,and Foreign Adoptees

Existing theories (e.g., acculturative stress theory) cannot adequately explain why mental disorders in immigrants are less prevalent than in non-immigrants. In this paper, the culture-gene co-evolutionary theory of mental disorders was utilized to generate a novel hypothesis that connection to heritage culture reduces the risk for mental disorders in immigrant children. Four groups of children aged 2–17 years were identified from the 2007 United States National Survey of Children’s Health: 1.5th generation immigrant children (n = 1378), 2nd generation immigrant children (n = 4194), foreign adoptees (n = 270), and non-immigrant children (n = 54,877). The 1.5th generation immigrant children’s connection to their heritage culture is stronger than or similar to the 2nd generation immigrants, while the foreign adoptees have little connection to their birth culture. Controlling for age, sex, family type and SES, the odds for having ADD/ADHD, Conduct Disorder, Anxiety Disorder, and Depression diagnosis were the lowest for the 1.5th generation immigrant children, followed by the 2nd generation immigrant children and the foreign adoptees. The foreign adoptees and non-adopted children were similar in the odds of having these disorders. Connection to heritage culture might be the underlying mechanism that explained recent immigrants’ lower rates of mental disorders.     

Neighbourhood context and abuse among immigrant and non-immigrant women in Canada: findings from the Maternity Experiences Survey

Objectives

To examine the relationship between neighbourhood deprivation and concentration of immigrants, and abuse among immigrant women versus non-immigrant women.

Methods

Using data from the Canadian Maternity Experiences Survey (un-weighted sample N?=?5,679 and weighted sample N?=?68,719) linked to the neighbourhoods Census data, we performed contextual analysis to compare abuse prevalence among: immigrants ≤5?years, immigrants >5?years and Canadian-born. We identified two level effect modifiers: living in high (≤15?% of households at or below low-income cut-off- [LICO]) versus low-income (>15?% below LICO) neighbourhoods and living in high (≥25?%) versus low immigrant (<25?%) neighbourhoods. Individual socioeconomic position (SEP), family variables and neighbourhood SEP or percentage of immigrants were considered in different logistic regression models.

Results

Immigrant women were less likely to experience abuse even upon adjustment for individual SEP, family variables and neighbourhood characteristics. The protective effect of the neighborhood was stronger among immigrant women living in low-income and high immigrant neighborhoods, irrespective of length of stay in Canada.

Conclusion

Policies and interventions to reduce abuse among immigrant women need to consider neighbourhood’s SEP and concentration of immigrants.     

Disparities in Obesity and Overweight Prevalence Among US Immigrant Children and Adolescents by Generational Status

We examined the prevalence and socio-behavioral correlates of obesity and overweight among 46,707 immigrant and US-born children and adolescents aged 10–17 years. The 2003 National Survey of Children’s Health was used to estimate obesity and overweight prevalence among children in 12 immigrant groups, stratified by race/ethnicity and generational status. Logistic regression was used to examine immigrant differentials in the prevalence and odds of obesity and overweight. Obesity and overweight prevalence varied from a low of 6 and 18% for second-generation Asian immigrants to a high of 24 and 42% for native-born black children (US-born black children with US-born parents), respectively. After adjusting for age, gender, ethnicity, socioeconomic status, perceived neighborhood safety, television viewing, computer use, and physical activity, first-generation immigrant children, overall, had 26% lower odds of obesity than native-born children. Obesity and overweight prevalence was lower for immigrant black and white children than their native-born counterparts, while obesity and overweight prevalence among Hispanic children did not vary significantly by generational status. Compared with native-born white children, the adjusted odds of obesity were 64% higher for native-born blacks, 55% higher for second-generation Hispanic immigrants, and 63% lower for first-generation Asian immigrants. Adjusted immigrant differentials in overweight risks were also marked. Socioeconomic, demographic, and behavioral factors accounted for 61 and 35% of ethnic-immigrant disparities in obesity and overweight prevalence, respectively. Immigrant patterns in childhood obesity and overweight vary substantially by ethnicity and generational status. To reduce disparities, obesity prevention programs must target at-risk children of both immigrant and US-born parents.     

Physical activity and immigrant status: evidence from the Canadian Community Health Survey

BACKGROUND: The immigrant population in Canada is diverse and growing, yet little is known about their physical activity behaviour and how it changes as they adapt to a Canadian lifestyle. This study extends the surveillance of physical activity in Canada to include the influence of time since immigration within and between ethnic groups. METHODS: Pooled data from cycles 1.1 (2000/01) and 2.1 (2003) of the cross-sectional Canadian Community Health Survey (ages 20-64 y; N = 171,513) were used for this study. Weighted prevalences of self-reported leisure-time physical activity (> or = 3 kcal x kg(-1) x day(-1) (kkd)) were calculated, and unadjusted and adjusted (age, income, education, BMI) multiple logistic regression models were used to quantify the odds of being physically active (PA) (> or = 3 kkd) by time since immigration (recent immigrant < or = 10 yrs, immigrant >10 yrs, non-immigrant) within and between ethnic groups (White referent group). RESULTS: The prevalence of recent immigrants (< or = 10 yrs) being PA (> or = 3 kkd) by ethnicity was: White (21%), Other (19%), Black (19%), Latin American (17%), West Asian/Arab (16%), East/Southeast Asian (14%), South Asian (11%). Recent immigrant Black men and White women had the highest prevalence of being PA (M = 27%, F = 18%) while South Asian men and women had the lowest prevalence (M = 14%, F = 9%). There is a gradient in the prevalence of being PA with recent immigrants (16%) < immigrants (20%) < non-immigrants (24%). Ethnic differences in the prevalence of being PA by time since immigration show similar patterns for men and women. Controlling for age, income, education and BMI had only small effects on the odds of being physical active across ethnicities and immigrant status. CONCLUSION: These results suggest that physical activity levels vary according to immigrant status and self-ascribed ethnicity in Canadian adults. Strategies to promote physical activity and prevent physical inactivity should consider both ethnicity and time since immigration.     

无锡地区散居儿童粪便幽门螺杆菌抗原的流行病学研究

目的　了解无锡地区儿童人群中幽门螺杆菌 (Hp)感染情况 ,探讨影响Hp感染的因素。 方法　采用酶联免疫方法检测 112 6例 0～ 12岁儿童粪便中的幽门螺杆菌抗原 (HpSA)。结果　该地区儿童HpSA平均阳性率为 19.0 9% ,且有随年龄增长而递增趋势。其中男性为 19.6 2 % ,女性为 18.5 2 % ,二者差异无显著性 (P >0 .0 5 )。有症状组HpSA阳性率为 2 6 .94 % ,高于无症状组 10 .6 0 % (P <0 .0 1)。城区儿童HpSA阳性率为 12 .4 7% ,城郊结合部儿童为 19.30 % ,郊区、农村儿童为 2 4 .94 %。十二指肠球部溃疡小儿的HpSA阳性率为90 .77%。结论　该地区儿童人群中Hp感染率较高 ,是引起儿童胃十二指肠疾病的主要原因。