高邮市2008年正常人群流脑A群、C群抗体监测与分析

目的通过开展流脑流行前期人群抗体水平监测,全面了解和客观评价我市正常人群流脑A群和c群免疫水平,为制定相应的防治措施提供数据资料。方法对高邮市三垛镇0～、1岁～、3岁～、5岁-、7岁-、15岁～、20岁～、40岁以上8个年龄组320名健康人群,每组随机抽取不少于40人,采集血清。采用ELISA法检测人群血清中的A群和C群流脑抗体,并进行统计分析。结果调查的320人中,A群流脑抗体阳性率为74．06％,GMT为1：12．55;C群流脑抗体阳性率62．81％,GMT为1：7．16。3岁以上年龄组的A群、C群流脑抗体阳性率较为满意;3岁以下年龄组流脑A群抗体阳性率较低。结论高邮市三垛镇3岁以上年龄组A群、C群流脑抗体免疫水平较好;0～、1岁～年龄组A群流脑抗体免疫水平不高,经分析其免疫史,与部分儿童初免二针未完成接种有关。     

2006年宁夏三市健康人群血清流脑抗体含量分析

目的通过开展健康人群(无流行性脑脊髓膜炎临床症状和体征的人群)流脑抗体含量测定,评价流脑多糖菌苗的接种现状,促进和加强计免工作,保证接种质量和接种效果。方法严格按照《全国流行性脑脊髓膜炎防控工作方案》要求分组采样,统一采用ELISA方法测定健康人群血清中A群、C群流脑IgG抗体含量。结果全区三市(银川、中卫、固原市)7个年龄组共检测632人,流脑A群抗体平均含量4.325μg/ml,A群阳性率69.30%(438/632),阳性抗体含量中位数为4.91μg/ml,各年龄组之间抗体阳性率有统计学意义(χ2=15.38,P<0.05);流脑C群抗体平均含量3.243μg/ml,C群阳性率39.08%(247/632),阳性抗体含量中位数为3.92μg/ml,各年龄组之间抗体阳性率有统计学意义(χ2=40.506,P<0.05)。结论宁夏三市健康人群流脑抗体水平普遍较低,应提高流脑疫苗预防接种质量,加强流脑抗体水平监测。     

合肥市不同时期健康人群流脑血清抗体水平调查分析

目的了解合肥市健康人群在不同时期的流脑抗体水平变化情况,为流脑防治提供依据。方法以县区为单位进行整群抽样,在各县区再按照年龄进行分层抽样,分别选取幼儿园、小学、初中、高中学生和成年人进行采样,连续两个年度在不同时期连续监测健康人群流脑血清抗体水平情况。结果共监测4 090人,A群抗体阳性率为83.7%,GMT为1∶201.4,C群抗体阳性率为72.2%,GMT为1∶178.1;2006/2007年度C群抗体水平比2005/2006年度下降明显。A群和C群流脑抗体水平均随着流脑疫情流行时间的延长不断升高;三县健康人群的C群抗体阳性率和GMT高于市区。不同年龄段人群的A群抗体水平均高于C群,幼儿园幼儿和成年人A群抗体水平低于其他年龄段,C群抗体水平随年龄的增加逐渐降低。接种A+C流脑疫苗后第三年抗体阳性率为55%,GMT为1∶96.6。结论C群流脑作为合肥市的一个新的流行菌群,健康人群的抗体水平明显低于A群,且没有达到理想的保护水平。在一个流脑流行季节里随着流行时间的延长,健康人群流脑血清抗体水平也在不断的升高。健康人群的C群抗体水平随着年龄的增加降低明显,因此应做好扩大免疫规划工作,提高大年龄青少年和成年人的A+C流脑疫苗的接种率。接种A+C流脑疫苗后应及时进行加强免疫,保证免疫的持久性。     

2007年海原县人群流脑抗体水平监测结果分析

目的了解海原县人群流脑免疫抗体水平及带菌状况。方法选择宁夏海原县为监测点,采集调查者的咽拭子和静脉血液,分别进行人群流脑带菌调查及流脑A群和C群免疫抗体水平检测。结果A群流脑IgG抗体总阳性率为53.8%,抗体含量均值为6.64μg/ml,C群流脑IgG抗体总阳性率为30.0%,抗体含量均值为2.10μg/ml,A群和C群抗体含量比较差异有统计学意义(t=5.54,P<0.05)。结论海原县A群流脑抗体阳性率较2006年有所下降,虽未分离到脑膜炎球菌,但A群、C群流脑IgG抗体阳性率均较低,说明人群对流脑普遍易感,应引起重视。     

化州市2005年健康人群流脑抗体水平调查

目的了解化州市健康人群流行性脑脊髓膜炎（简称流脑）抗体水平状况。方法采用分层随机抽样的方法，将调查对象分成7个年龄组，每人采集3ml静脉血进行A和C群流脑抗体检测，并做统计分析。结果化州健康人群A和C群流脑抗体阳性率分别为85．86％和13．61％；A群和C群抗体几何平均滴度（GMT）分别为1：7．12和1：1．13。结论A群为当地优势流脑菌群，当地近期出现A群流脑爆发流行的可能性较小；应加强A＋C流脑疫苗的推广接种工作。     

东阳市健康人群脑膜炎奈瑟菌抗体水平和带菌调查

目的 了解东阳市健康人群脑膜炎奈瑟菌（Nm）抗体水平和带菌情况，为制定预防和控制流行性脑脊髓膜炎（流脑）的有效措施提供依据。方法 采用整群抽样方法，对三种不同人群（普通人群、密切接触人群、对照组人群）采集血清标本，应用酶联免疫吸附试验检测A、C群Nm抗体；采集咽拭子，采用增菌咽拭液标本，接种于双抗血平皿37℃24h培养，分离Nm。结果 调查的444例健康人群中，A群Nm抗体阳性率78．60％，GMT为1：42．26，C群Nm抗体阳性率21．17％，GMT为1：10．36，A群Nm抗体水平较高，而C群Nm抗体水平则较低。405例接种A群流脑疫苗者抗体阳性率（81．73％）和GMT（1：44．46）明显高于39例未接种者（阳性率和GMT分别为46．15％和1：16．63）（P〈0．01），与是否接种过A群流脑疫苗有关联性。Nm带菌率为1．73％，以C群和D群为主，密切接触人群的Nm带菌率明娃高于其他人群。结论 东阳市健康人群中对A群流脑具有较高的免疫力，而对C群流脑免疫力较低，一旦有传染源介入，极易引起暴发和流行，及时、有效地接种A＋C流脑多糖疫苗对预防和控制流脑显得十分重要。     

2011年常熟市流行性脑脊髓膜炎监测结果分析

目的了解常熟市健康人群流行性脑脊髓膜炎带菌率及抗体水平,为预防和控制流脑的暴发流行提供依据。方法按流脑监测方案,选择0岁、1-2岁、3-4岁、5-6岁、7-14岁、15-19岁、20-39岁、大于40岁共8个年龄组的健康人群,共202人分别进行健康人群带菌调查及人群流脑A群、C群和W135群流脑抗体水平检测。结果采集的健康人群中在15-19岁年龄组检出脑膜炎双球菌（B群）2株,其余均有阴性,202份健康人群带菌率为0.99%;202份血清中流脑A群抗体的阳性率为69.31%,平均抗体滴度为6.13;C群抗体的阳性率为64.85%,平均抗体滴度为6.18;W135群抗体的阳性率为34.16%,平均抗体滴度为4.58。结论健康人群流脑带菌率很低。由于施行预防接种,〈6岁人群AC流脑免疫水平较高,而7-14岁年龄组人群AC群流脑免疫水平明显下降,同时人群对W135的免疫水平普遍较低,应进一步加强流脑的监测并且采取更为有效的方法提高人群免疫力。     

韶关市2009-2011年健康人群C群脑膜炎奈瑟菌血清杀菌力抗体检测结果分析

目的了解韶关市健康人群血清C群脑膜炎奈瑟菌杀菌力水平,以评价健康人群对C群脑膜炎奈瑟菌的保护水平。方法 2009-2011年,每年随机抽取8个年龄组健康人群血清共计811份,采用血清杀菌力试验检测血清中杀菌力抗体水平。结果 811份健康人群血清中C群脑膜炎奈瑟菌杀菌力抗体总阳性率为25.40%,总保护率为23.06%,GMT为1∶5.13,95%置信区间1∶4.57~1∶5.89。结论韶关市健康人群对C群脑膜炎奈瑟菌的传染有易感性,年龄越低其对C群脑膜炎奈瑟菌的抵抗力越弱,应加大对A+C群流脑疫苗宣传力度,普及适龄儿童A+C群流脑疫苗的免疫接种。     

四川合江县2008年流脑A、C、Y和W135群监测结果分析

目的了解四川省合江县健康人群流脑脑膜炎奈瑟氏菌(Nm)带菌情况和抗体水平,为制定科学防控对策提供依据。方法在流脑流行前期在合江县采集健康人群咽拭子并进行脑膜炎奈瑟氏菌(Nm)菌株分离培养,采集健康人群血液进行抗体水平检测。结果健康人群带菌率为2.83%,健康人群A群流脑血清抗体阳性率较高(63.33%),其余3群阳性率较低(12.5~15.5%),健康人群对C、Y和W135群流脑保护率相当低(2%~3%)。结论加强3岁以下儿童的A群流脑菌苗的接种工作,开展15岁以下儿童的A+C+Y+W135四价流脑菌苗接种工作。     

合肥市包河区2~12岁儿童A、C群流脑抗体水平分析

目的:了解包河区2¹2岁儿童A和C群流脑抗体水平,为制定流脑防控策略提供科学依据。方法:选择201112岁儿童A和C群流脑抗体水平,为制定流脑防控策略提供科学依据。方法:选择2011²013年在包河区疾控中心进行抗体检测的984名儿童作为研究对象,询问儿童基本信息和流脑疫苗既往免疫史,检测儿童A和C群流脑抗体阳性情况。结果:A群和C群流脑抗体阳性率分别为70.3%和87.1%,A群和C群流脑抗体阳性率分布性别、户籍地属性间差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),而22013年在包河区疾控中心进行抗体检测的984名儿童作为研究对象,询问儿童基本信息和流脑疫苗既往免疫史,检测儿童A和C群流脑抗体阳性情况。结果:A群和C群流脑抗体阳性率分别为70.3%和87.1%,A群和C群流脑抗体阳性率分布性别、户籍地属性间差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),而2⁵岁儿童A、C群流脑抗体阳性率均高于65岁儿童A、C群流脑抗体阳性率均高于6¹2岁儿童,且差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),按程序全程接种的儿童(A、C群流脑)抗体阳性率高于未全程接种者,接种2剂次A+C流脑结合疫苗+1剂次A+C流脑多糖疫苗者A群和C群流脑抗体阳性率高于接种2剂次A群流脑多糖疫苗+1剂次A+C流脑多糖疫苗。结论:适龄儿童按免疫程序完成2剂次A+C流脑结合疫苗基础免疫和2剂次A+C流脑多糖疫苗加强免疫,方能达到最好预防效果。     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

Development on Adjustable Calibration Marker for Shock Wave Focus

Shock wave lithotripsy （SWL） is a treatment of choice for upper urinary stones. However, this procedure is inappropriate for obese patients because the focus is often unable to reach the target owing to the limited focal distance in shock wave source. Although treating such patients in a blast path may increase the application length of shock wave source, it＇s difficult to find this path on the lithotripter monitor. For this reason, we invented an adjustable calibration marker in order to set an effective focus in the shock wave hath.     

Study on the TCM Pathogenesis of Angiopathic Complications of Type II Diabetes

Excess production of reactive oxygen species(ROS)of mitochondrion mediated by hyperglycemia is the common pathogenesis of angiopathic complications of diabetes.TCM holds that the damp from the dysfunction of spleen.kidney and liver is the causative factor of complications of diabetes.This is similar to the mechanism of Ros resulting in angiopathic complications of diabetes.When the angiopathic complications of type II diabetes mellitus(T2DM)are difierentiated as caused by turbid damp in TCM can be explained as ROS.Since the obstruction of pathogenic damp in channels and collaterals is said to be the main pathogenesis,the treating principle should be dissolving the damp to remove the obstruction.     

Leptin, Ghrelin and TNF-α before and after Hypo-caloric Traditional Chinese Diet and Auricular Acupuncture

INTRODUCTION Obesity is a complex emergent problem, which can be possibly solved not only by the diet but also by the life style and promotion of a constant physical exercise. 1, 2 No doubt careful attentions must be given to the nutritional condition of obese people, the dietary habits, the somatic build (i.e. distribution of fat mass) and the organic functions linked to formation of the fat mass. All the parameters should be constantly monitored before, during and after a diet treatment. 3, 4, 5     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

Relationship between Dysglycemia and Carotid Atherosclerosis in Tibetan Population

People with dysglycemia are at high risk for atherosclerotic diseases. This study aims at investigating the atherosclerotic vascular damage in dysglycemia and its metabolic origin in Tibetan population.     

APPLICATION OF LORNOXICAM TO PATIENT-CONTROLLED ANALGESIA IN PATIENTS UNDERGOING ABDOMINAL SURGERIES

FOR anesthesiologis s ,treatingpostoperativepainhas alwaysbeen a problem.Althoughopioidshave been provedtobe effective,theirsideeffectscouldnotbeignored.With thedevelopmentofscienceand pharmacology,many drugs with aspectsof satisfactoryanalgesicefficacyand couldbe welltoleratedby patientshave been developed.And lornoxicamisone of them, which isa non-steroidalanti-inflammatorydrug (NSAID ), with analgesic, anti-infl-ammatory,andantipyreticproperties.Itseliminationhalf-time(3 to 5 hours) isle…     

CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE OF SERUM CYTOKINES IL-1β,sIL-2R,IL-6,TNF-α,AND IFN-v IN ACUTE CORONARY SYNDROME

Objectives To explore serum cytokines levels (including IL-1 β, sIL-2R, IL-6, TNF-α, and IFN-v) and their significance in patients with acute coronary syndrome (ACS) and the subsequent follow-ups, with attempt to estimate the role of various serum inflammatory markers in the diagnosis and assessment of ACS.Methods The study population include 40 patients with acute myocardial infarction (AMI), 40 patients with unstable angina pectoris (UAP), and 40 controls. Among the 80 patients, 60 patients attended a follow up 4 months later. Serum inflammatory markers including IL-1 β, sIL-2R, IL-6, TNF-α, and IFN-v were measured by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay.Results Serum IL- 1 β, sIL-2R, IL-6, TNF-α were significantly higher in AMI group or UAP group compared to the control group and became significantly lower 4 months later in the follow-up patients. Serum levels of IFN-v shows no significant difference between AMI group or UAP group and controls, also showing no significant change when measured in follow up patients. There was no correlation between serum creatine kinase-MB isoenzyme levels and serum inflammatory markers either in UAP or AMI group. Furthermore, when divided into two subgroups using Wagner's QRS scoring system in the AMI group, there is no difference of each serum inflammatory marker between ≤ 6 scores group and ＞ 6 scores group.Conclusion Serum levels of certain inflammatory markers may have some diagnostic value for ACS, and can be a useful marker reflecting disease stability.     

Possible Spread of adenovirus type 3 from poultry to humans ：indirect evidence from an outbreak in China

Objective:To explore the epidemiology and etiology for an outbreak of acute respiratory tract infection that occurred in one county of Jiangsu Province, China 2004. Methods: Only cases meeting the case definition were included in the study. We reviewed the medical records of the cases who were admitted to the local hospitals, interviewed cases by a standard questionnaire, and then described the epidemiotogic features and analyzed risk factors by means of a case-control study. We collected pharyngeal swab specimens and sent them to different laboratories for isolation and culture. The laboratory used different detection methods such as DIP, PCR, electron microscope examination and microneutralization assay, to identify and then type the positive specimens. Results:A total of 871 cases were reported during the period from April 18 to July 4,2004. The distribution of onset times presented two peaks, one in late May and another in middle June. The epidemic occurred mainly in the elementary and junior high schools in ten townships of one county, and the mean age of the cases was 12 years (range 7 months to 18 years). The course of the disease was acute, and was characterized by fever accompanied with sore throat and tonsillitis. The WBC count of cases was normal or elevated. The mean duration of illness was 5 days (range 2 to 12 days). No fatalities from illness were reported. A case-control study indicated that the possible risk factors were close contact with a case and/or poultry before onset and sharing of towels among members of the family. The typical CPE was observed through inoculating pharyngeal swab specimens into the HEP-2 cell cultures in different laboratories. An infection of adenovirus type 3 was verified by detecting positive specimens in different methods. Conclusion:This investigation demonstrated that the acute respiratory infection in cases was caused by adenovirus type 3. Cases occurred in over 70 schools in ten townships in 2004, and the route of transmission was possibly close contact with cases or droplet transmission.