高效液相色谱法测定手参肾宝胶囊中腺苷的含量

目的　测定手参肾宝胶囊中腺苷的含量。方法　采用高效液相色谱法。色谱柱为KromasilC1 8柱 (2 5 0mm× 4 .6mm ,5 μm) ;磷酸盐缓冲液 (pH6 .8取 0 .2mol·L-1 磷酸二氢钾溶液 2 5 0ml,加 0 .2mol·L-1 氢氧化钠溶液 1 1 8ml,用水稀释至 1 0 0 0ml,即得 ) -四氢呋喃 (99∶1 )为流动相 ,流速 :1 .0ml/min ;检测波长 2 6 0nm。结果　腺苷在 0 .0 4～ 0 .4 μg范围内具有良好线性关系 ,平均回收率为 97.6 1 % ,RSD =1 .2 8%。结论　该法可用于手参肾宝胶囊中腺苷的含量测定     

反相离子对液相色谱法测定复方降压胶囊中磷酸氯喹含量的研究

目的　利用反相离子对液相色谱法测定复方降压胶囊中磷酸氯喹的含量。方法　采用HYPERSILODS2 (4 .6× 2 5 0mm ,5 μm)色谱柱 ,乙腈 -甲醇 -己烷磺酸钠溶液 (18∶18∶6 4 )为流动相 ,流速为 1.0ml/min ,检测波长 343nm。 结果　磷酸氯喹线性范围为 :2 1.6～ 2 81μg·ml-1,r=0 .9999;日内精密度 RSD 为 0 .4 2 % (n=6 ) ;日间精密度 RSD 为 0 .5 5 % (n=5 )。平均回收率为97.1% (n =9)。结论　本方法简便 ,准确 ,适用于该药的质量控制     

高效液相色谱法测定肝泰康胶囊中黄芩苷的含量

目的　测定肝泰康胶囊中黄芩苷的含量。方法　采用高效液相色谱法。色谱柱为DiamonsilC1 8柱 (2 5 0mm× 4 .6mm ,5 μm) ;甲醇 -水 -磷酸 (4 7∶5 3∶0 .1 )为流动相 ,流速 :1 .0ml/min ;检测波长 2 74nm。 结果　黄芩苷在 0 .1 2～ 1 .2 μg范围内具有良好线性关系 ,平均回收率为 97.4 7% ,RSD =1 .35 %。结论　该法可用于肝泰康胶囊中黄芩苷的含量测定     

健康志愿者单剂量口服甲磺酸加替沙星胶囊的药代动力学研究

目的　建立高效液相色谱法测定血浆中加替沙星的药物浓度 ,研究其在人体内的药动学特征。方法　采用Shim packCLC ODSC1 8色谱分析柱 (1 5 0mm× 6mm ,5 μm) ,流动相为甲醇 -水 -十二烷基硫酸钠 (5 0 0ml∶5 0 0ml∶3.5g) ,磷酸调pH =3.0 ;流速1 .0ml/min ;检测波长为 2 92nm。结果　本测定方法的线性范围为 0 .1 5～ 9.92 μg·ml-1 ,r =0 .999,最低检出浓度为 2 0ng·ml-1(按信噪比≥ 3计 ) ,方法平均回收率为 96 .4 0 %～ 97.2 1 % (n =6 ) ,日内RSD在 1 .0 2 %～ 5 .5 6 %之间 ,日间RSD在 1 .6 4 %～ 7.34%之间。药动学研究表明 ,加替沙星体内过程符合一级吸收的一室开放模型 ,Tmax　、Cmax　、T1 / 2 (Ke)　　、AUC(0 -2 4h) 　分别为 (1 .6 0 4± 0 .4 1 9)h、(3.71 5± 0 .4 2 4 ) μg·ml-1 、(6 .1 4 2± 0 .6 84 )h、(36 .5 6 8± 5 .5 2 2 ) μg·h·ml-1 。结论　口服甲磺酸加替沙星胶囊每次4 0 0mg,每日 1次的给药方案 ,在人体内可达到有效血药浓度。本方法准确快速 ,适用于加替沙星的药动学研究及临床血药浓度监测。     

HPLC法测定七子二仙胶囊中淫羊藿苷含量

目的　建立反相高效液相色谱法测定七子二仙胶囊中淫羊藿苷含量的方法。方法　样品经 70 %乙醇超声提取 ,SpherisorbC18色谱柱 ,0 .0 2mol·L-1磷酸盐 (用盐酸调节pH值至 3.0± 0 .1) -甲醇 (5 9∶4 0 )为流动相 ;检测波长为 2 70nm。结果　淫羊藿苷的线性范围为 1～ 30 0 μg·ml-1,r =0 .9996 ,最低检测浓度 0 .2 μg·ml-1,平均加样回收率 96 .6 % (n =5 )。结论　方法可靠 ,可用于七子二仙胶囊质量控制。     

紫外分光光度法测定头孢氨苄胶囊的含量

目的　建立紫外分光光度法测定头孢氨苄胶囊的含量。方法　样品经前处理后 ,采用紫外分光光度法 ,于 2 6 2nm波长处测定吸收值。结果　浓度在 10～ 35 μg·ml-1范围内线性关系良好 (r =9999) ;溶液在 4 8h之内测定浓度无变化 ;平均回收率99 .4 3% ,RSD =0 .4 3% (n=6 ) ,精密度测定 RSD =0 .32 % (n=6 ) ,本法与药典法测定结果比较 ,t检验无显著性差异 (P >0 .0 5 )。结论　该测定方法准确、精密 ,操作简单、快速 ,适合头孢氨苄胶囊的质量控制。     

离子对-HPLC法测舒脉注射液中盐酸培他啶的含量

目的　建立离子对 -HPLC法测定舒脉注射液中盐酸培他啶含量的方法。方法　采用HypersilODS2色谱柱 (4 .6×2 5 0mm ,5 μm) ;以甲醇 - 1 0mmol·ml-1 醋酸钠溶液 (含有 5mmol·ml-1 庚烷磺酸钠 ,0 .2 %三乙胺 ,用冰醋酸调pH至 3.0 ) ,(4 0∶6 0 )为流动相 ;流速 1 .0ml/min ;检测波长 :2 6 0nm ;柱温为室温。结果　离子对 -HPLC法测定盐酸培他啶的线性范围为 2 1～ 1 0 5 μg·ml-1 ;相关系数 r=0 .9997;日内精密度 RSD =1 .5 % ,日间精密度 RSD =2 .6 % (n=5 ) ;平均回收率为 98.0 %。结论　本法简便、准确、专属性好     

HPLC测定氨咖黄敏胶囊中对乙酰氨基酚和咖啡因的含量

目的　建立同时测定氨咖黄敏胶囊中对乙酰氨基酚和咖啡因含量的高效液相色谱法。方法　采用ODS柱 ,流动相 :甲醇 -水 (40∶6 0 ) ,流速 1.0ml/min ,检测波长 2 17nm ,外标法计算。结果　线性范围分别为对乙酰氨基酚 12 0～ 80 0 μg·ml-1,r=0 .9998;咖啡因 12～ 80 μg·ml-1,r =0 .9999,回收率分别为对乙酰氨基酚 10 0 .5 % ,RSD为 0 .2 % ,咖啡因 99.8% ,RSD为 0 .5 %。结论　本法分离效果好 ,辅料无干扰 ,快速、简便。     

反相离子对HPLC法测定晕宁贴膏中氢溴酸东莨菪碱的含量

目的　建立晕宁贴膏的含量测定方法。方法　采用ODSC18色谱柱 (2 5 0mm× 4 .6mm ,5 μm) ,以甲醇 -水 (含 0 .0 2 5mol·L-1庚烷磺酸钠及 0 .0 5mo1·L-1醋酸钠 ,以醋酸调pH =4 .6 ,) (4 5∶5 5 ) ,为流动相 ;流速 :1.0ml/min ;检测波长 :2 2 7nm ;柱温 :室温 ;外标法测定。结果　氢溴酸东莨菪碱在 1.32～ 13.2 μg范围内线性关系良好 (r =0 .9999) ;平均回收率 99.0 7% ,n =6 ,RSD为 0 .5 8% ;重现性试验RSD为 0 .5 0 %。结论　此方法简便、快速、准确 ,可作为晕宁贴膏的含量测定方法。     

HPLC法同时测定复方尼泊金乙酯醇溶液中二种组分的含量

目的　建立HPLC法同时测定复方尼泊金乙酯醇溶液中尼泊金乙酯及尼泊金甲酯含量的方法。方法　以ODSHypersil(5 μm ,2 0 0mm× 4 .6mm)为色谱柱 ,0 .0 1mol·L-1磷酸二氢钾 (KH2 PO4)溶液 -甲醇 -磷酸 (5 0∶5 0∶0 .4 )为流动相 ,检测波长 2 5 5nm。结果　一次进样即可完成两种组分的含量分析 ,线性范围 :尼泊金乙酯为 3.0 2 4～ 30 .2 4 μg·ml-1(r =0 .9999) ;尼泊金甲酯为1.0 2 2～ 10 .2 2 μg·ml-1(r=0 .9999)。平均回收率为 :尼泊金乙酯 99.4 5 % ,RSD =0 .4 8% (n =6 ) ;尼泊金甲酯 99.6 7% ,RSD=0 .72 % (n =6 )。结论　本方法快速、准确 ,分离度好。可用于该醇溶液中两种组份的含量测定。     

Knee injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS) - validation of a Swedish version

The Knee injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS) is a self-administered instrument measuring outcome after knee injury at impairment, disability, and handicap level in five subscales. Reliability, validity, and responsiveness of a Swedish version was assessed in 142 patients who underwent arthroscopy because of injury to the menisci, anterior cruciate ligament, or cartilage of the knee. The clinimetric properties were found to be good and comparable to the American version of the KOOS. Comparison to the Short Form-36 and the Lysholm knee scoring scale revealed expected correlations and construct validity. Item by item, symptoms and functional limitations were compared between diagnostic groups. High responsiveness was found three months after arthroscopic partial meniscectomy for all subscales but Activities of Daily Living.     

Endovascular management of carotid-cavernous fistulas

Objective To investigate endovascular treatment of traumatic direct carotid-cavernous fistulas （CCF） and their complications such as pseudoaneurysms. Methods： Over a five-year period, 22 patients with traumatic direct CCFs were treated endovascularly in our institution. Thirteen patients were treated once with the result of CCF occluded, 8 twice and 1 three times. Treatment modalities included balloon occlusion of the CCF, sacrifice of the ipsilateral internal carotid artery with detachable balloon, coll embolization of the cavernous sinus and secondary pseudoaneurysms, and covered-stem management of the pseudoaneurysms. Results All the direct CCFs were successfully managed endovascularly. Four patients developed a pseudoaneurysm after the occlusion of the CCF with an incidence of pseudoaneurysm formation of 18.2% （4/22）. A total number of 8 patients experienced permanent occlusion of the ICA with a rate of ICA occlusion reaching 36.4% （8/22）. Followed up through telephone consultation from 6 months to 5 years, all did well with no recurrence of CCF symptoms and signs. Conclusion Traumatic direct CCFs can be successfully managed with endovascular means. The pseudoaneurysms secondary to the occlusion of the CCFs can be occluded with stent-assisted coiling and implantation of covered stents.     

The role of interventional radiology in trauma

Introduction Interventional Radiology has evolved into a specialty having enormous input into the care of the traumatized patient.In all hospitals,regardless of size,the Interventional Radiologist must consider their relationships with the trauma service in order to     

The acutely limping child

Acute limping may be the result of multiple pathologies in children. The differential diagnosis varies based on the age of the child. Irrespective of age, the initial imaging work-up includes AP and frog leg radiographs of the pelvis and ultrasound; MRI may sometimes be helpful. In children less than 3 years, infections and trauma are most frequent. MRI is the imaging modality of choice when osteomyelitis is clinically suspected. Between the ages of 3 and 10 years, transient synovitis of the hip and Legg-Calvé-Perthes disease are main considerations but infection, inflammation and focal bony lesions are also considered. In children over 10 years, slipped capital femoral epiphysis also is considered.     

Diagnóstico ecográfico del neumotórax

The ultrasonographic diagnosis of pneumothorax is based on the analysis of artifacts. It is possible to confirm or rule out pneumothorax by combining the following signs: lung sliding, the A and B lines, and the lung point. One fundamental advantage of lung ultrasonography is its easy access in any critical situation, especially in patients in the intensive care unit. For this reason, chest ultrasonography can be used as an alternative to plain-film X-rays and computed tomography in critical patients and in patients with normal plain films in whom pneumothorax is strongly suspected, as well as to evaluate the extent of the pneumothorax and monitor its evolution.     

Carbohydrate Supplementation during Exercise: Does It Help? How Much is Too Much?

KEY POINTS· Carbohydrate intake during exercise can delay the onset of fatigue and improve performance of prolonged exercise as well as exercise of shorter duration and greater intensity (e.g., continuous exercise lasting about 1h and intermittent high-intensity exercise), but the mechanisms by which performance is improved are different.