经动脉化疗栓塞兔VX2肝癌后早期肿瘤细胞凋亡

目的研究介入治疗兔VX2肝癌肿瘤细胞凋亡的早期动态改变.方法建立27只新西兰大白兔VX2肝癌模型,随机分成肝动脉化疗栓塞组(Transarterial chemoembolization, TACE)、灌注化疗组(Transarterial infusion, TAI)、灌注肝素生理盐水组(对照组, Control),每组各9只.介入治疗后每组再随机分成3个亚组,每亚组3只.在治疗后第24、72、120小时分别处死3组中一亚组,取材肿瘤生长活跃的外带组织用流式细胞仪Annexin V和PI双标记法定量检测细胞凋亡,组织病理切片苏木精-伊红染色(HE染色)和甲基绿-派洛宁染色(MG-P染色)光镜下形态学方法观察不同时间肿瘤细胞的凋亡变化.结果 TACE、TAI、Control组在治疗后24、72、120小时流式细胞仪法定量检测肿瘤细胞凋亡比率分别为11.44±2.15、10.99±1.74、6.00±0.58,5.84±0.68、4.65±0.11、2.88±1.23和2.80±0.15、2.19±1.69、2.51±2.13.TACE、TAI、Control组凋亡在各时间点均有显著差异(p<0.01),TACE组24、72小时的凋亡明显高于120小时(p<0.05).TACE组诱导的肿瘤细胞凋亡比率明显高于TAI、Control组;TACE组诱导的肿瘤细胞早期凋亡比率随时间呈下降趋势,在120小时凋亡仍明显高于其它2组.结论经肝动脉化疗栓塞诱导癌细胞早期凋亡,是TACE治疗肝癌的主要机制之一.     

急性心肌梗死介入治疗后运动能力的研究

目的　探讨冠脉介入治疗 (PCI)对急性心肌梗死后运动能力的影响 .方法　从 1998年～ 2 0 0 2年 10 6例急性心肌梗死患者 ,症状发作≤ 12小时 (43例 )行PCI治疗 (I组 ) 6 3例未行PCI治疗 (II组 ) ,观察两组入院时及 4周的EF值及 4周时的运动耐量 .结果　I组全部出院 ,4周的EF较入院时明显改善 ,分别为 5 2± 9.7%和 36± 12 .1%(p <0 .0 5 ) ,较II组也有改善 ,分别为 5 2± 9.7%和 4 5± 10 .2 % ,I组较II组运动耐量明显提高 ,分别为 8.0± 2 .3METS和 6 .6± 2 .1METS .结论　PCI治疗能明显提高急性心肌梗死后病人运动能力 .     

乙型肝炎患者外周血单个核细胞凋亡的检测及意义

目的研究激活诱导细胞死亡 (AICD)现象在乙型肝炎慢性化和重型化机制中的意义。方法分离 2 0例慢性 /慢性重型乙型肝炎病人与 10例健康献血员外周血单个核细胞 (PBMC) ,在 PHA的刺激下培养 72 h后收集细胞 ,经流式细胞仪检测凋亡。结果 PBMC凋亡率乙型肝炎组明显高于正常对照组 [(2 5 .48± 14.0 7) % vs(11.45± 5 .2 7) % ,P<0 .0 1];慢性乙型肝炎组 [(30 .5 7± 13.43) % ]明显高于正常对照组 [(11.45± 5 .2 7) % ,P<0 .0 1]和慢性重型乙型肝炎组 [(13.5 9± 6 .44 ) % ,P<0 .0 1];PBMC凋亡率乙型肝炎 HBe Ag(+ )组明显高于正常对照组 [(2 9.5 0± 12 .5 4) % vs(11.45± 5 .2 7) % ,P<0 .0 1]。结论 AICD可能是形成 HBV慢性感染免疫耐受的一个重要机制。     

前列腺凋亡反应基因4反义寡核苷酸抑制谷氨酸诱导的PC12细胞内钙离子浓度上调及其抗凋亡意义

目的　研究前列腺凋亡反应基因4(par -4)反义寡核苷酸拮抗谷氨酸对PC12细胞内游离钙离子浓度的上调作用及其抗凋亡意义。方法　脂质体介导转染par -4反义寡核苷酸。谷氨酸诱导PC12细胞凋亡。Hoechest33258 /碘化丙啶荧光染色观察细胞凋亡形态,流式细胞术分析凋亡百分率。Fura 2 /AM荧光染色结合激光共聚焦显微镜测定细胞内游离钙离子浓度。逆转录聚合酶链反应(RT- PCR)测定钙依赖性蛋白酶Calpain10的mRNA水平。Western印迹测定par -4蛋白表达量。结果与正常对照组(25 .6±4.1 )相比,谷氨酸诱导PC12细胞中par- 4蛋白表达上调( 90. 0±3 2,P<0. 01),par- 4反义寡核苷酸拮抗其上调( 52 .3±5 .0,P<0 .01 );谷氨酸诱导凋亡组凋亡百分率为53%, par -4反义寡核苷酸拮抗谷氨酸诱导的PC12细胞凋亡(31%,P<0. 01);谷氨酸诱导PC12细胞内游离钙离子浓度上调,par- 4反义寡核苷酸拮抗其上调(荧光强度比值分别为167 .9±32 .4、228. 8±36. 8,P<0 .01);谷氨酸诱导PC12细胞内钙依赖性蛋白酶Calpain10mRNA水平上调( 46 .3±3 .7 ),par- 4反义寡核苷酸抑制其上调(34 8±2 1,P<0 01 )。结论　par -4反义寡核苷酸拮抗谷氨酸诱导的PC12细胞凋亡,其机制可能与抑制细胞内游离钙离子浓度上调和抑制Calpain10基因转录有关。     

低氧诱导因子-1α和内皮素-1基因在大鼠低氧性肺动脉高压中的表达

目的　探讨低氧诱导因子 1(HIF 1α)和内皮素 1(ET 1)基因表达在低氧性肺动脉高压发病过程中的变化和作用。方法　复制低氧性肺动脉高压大鼠模型 ,测定平均肺动脉压 ,弹力纤维染色显示腺泡内肺动脉 ,用放射免疫法测ET含量 ,原位杂交方法进行检测HIF 1αmRNA。结果　HIF 1αmRNA在低氧各组腺泡内肺动脉有表达 ,低氧 14d组 (0 2 5 6 9± 0 0 46 8)和低氧 2 8d组 (0 2 2 5 8±0 0 45 3)染色强于低氧 5d组 (0 145 5± 0 0 2 72 )和正常组 (0 110 9± 0 0 2 2 4) ;ET 1mRNA在低氧各组腺泡内肺动脉有表达 ,低氧 14d组 (0 412 2± 0 0 783)和低氧 2 8d组 (0 36 84± 0 0 72 9)染色强于低氧5d组 (0 2 0 17± 0 0 34 9)和正常组 (0 185 5± 0 0 36 1) ,HIF 1α和ET 1基因表达在H14d组和H2 8d组明显增加 (P <0 0 5 )。肺动脉血中ET 1含量在H14d组 [(15 8 78± 2 5 14)pg/ml]和H2 8d组 [(142 93± 2 3 38)pg/ml]明显高于H5d组 [(79 6 8± 12 5 4)pg/ml]和正常组 [(6 5 37± 10 82 )pg/ml](P <0 0 5 ) ;H14d组 [(34 0± 5 8)mmHg]和H2 8d组 [(2 9 0± 4 7)mmHg]的mPAP也明显高于H5d组[(19 0± 3 5 )mmHg]和正常组 [(17 0± 2 8)mmHg](P <0 .0 5 ) ,并且与肺动脉血中ET 1含量呈正比(rs=0     

狼毒大戟对病毒性T细胞白血病的抑制作用

目的　研究中药狼毒大戟抗病毒性肿瘤机理。方法　 6 15近交系小鼠 5 0只 ,随机分为5组 ,其中设肿瘤对照组 (Ⅰ ) ,2种剂量的治疗组 (Ⅱ、Ⅲ ) ,药物对照组 (Ⅳ )和正常对照组 (Ⅴ )。治疗组和肿瘤对照组皮下接种L6 15白血病肿瘤株 ,治疗组及药物对照组每天经胃分别给予狼毒水浸出液1.8g kg( 36mg)、3.0g kg( 6 0mg) ,连续 1周。检测外周血白细胞总数 ,观察肿瘤细胞凋亡形态特征及DNA电泳图谱 ,并检测肿瘤细胞c myc和ras基因的表达。结果　 3.0g kg狼毒给药组外周血白细胞[( 0 .116 4± 0 .0 12 3)× 10 9 L]明显低于肿瘤对照组 [( 0 .2 199± 0 .10 99)× 10 9 L],P <0 .0 1。 1.8g kg和3 .0g kg狼毒药物组的细胞凋亡率 ( 2 3 .6 0 %± 2 .2 7% ) ,( 36 .40 %± 4.99% )均明显高于肿瘤对照组( 4.6 0 %± 0 .97% ) ,P <0 .0 1。在治疗组动物外周血中观察到大量的具有特征性的凋亡细胞和典型的DNA凋亡梯形电泳带。与肿瘤对照组相比 ,狼毒治疗组肿瘤细胞c myc和ras基因表达受到明显的抑制 (P <0 .0 1) ,表达强度也明显减弱。随着狼毒剂量增大 ,作用效果更为明显 (P <0 .0 1)。结论　狼毒大戟能抑制T淋巴细胞白血病的增殖 ,并可通过促进肿瘤细胞凋亡和抑制肿瘤细胞c myc和ras基因表达发挥抗病毒性肿瘤的作     

GM-CSF对MUC1基因疫苗抑制乳腺癌生长的增强作用

目的 :观察GM CSF有无增强MUC1基因疫苗对EMT6乳腺癌生长的特异性抑制作用。方法 :采用股四头肌肌肉注射法 ,将构建的MUC1基因疫苗pcDNA3.1 MUC1免疫雌性BALB/c小鼠 ,每 3wk 1次 ,共 3次。每次基因免疫后 1、3、5d ,皮下注射GM CSF 10 0 μL(1μg/ 10 0 μL)。最后 1次基因免疫后第 3周 ,接种表达MUC1的EMT6小鼠乳腺癌细胞。两周后观察、记录肿瘤的生长情况。于肿瘤细胞接种后第 4 3天 ,处死全部动物 ,称量肿瘤的质量。用 4h51Cr释放法检测小鼠脾特异性CTL的杀伤活性。结果 :接种肿瘤细胞后 4 3d ,MUC1基因疫苗加GM CSF组、MUC1基因疫苗组、pcDNA3.1加GM CSF组及pcDNA3.1组 ,EMT6肿瘤的大小依次为 (135± 33.8)mm3 、(2 5 0± 34.3)mm3 、(5 6 8± 4 3.6 )mm3 和 (5 96± 4 8.2 )mm3 ;平均瘤质量 (g)依次为 (0 .81± 0 .4 2 )g、(1.2 3± 0 .4 1)g、(2 .30± 0 .4 8)g及 (2 .2 8± 0 .5 8)g。与对照组相比较 ,MUC1基因疫苗组EMT6肿瘤的生长受到明显抑制 (P <0 .0 5 ) ;与单独MUC1基因疫苗组相比较 ,MUC1基因疫苗加GM CSF组抗肿瘤生长的作用有显著差异 (P <0 .0 5 )。在效靶比为 10 0∶1、5 0∶1、2 5∶1和 12 .5∶1时 ,MUC1基因疫苗加GM CSF组特异性CTL对EMT6靶细胞的杀伤率 ,依次为 6 8.5 %、 5 3.4 %     

胃黏膜相关淋巴组织型淋巴瘤细胞凋亡和bcl—2、p53蛋白表达

目的 :探讨胃黏膜相关淋巴组织型 (MALT)淋巴瘤中细胞凋亡特点及其与bcl 2、p5 3基因蛋白表达的关系。 方法 :应用TdT酶介导生物素化dUTP缺口末端标记 (TUNEL)技术 ,显示肿瘤凋亡细胞 ,免疫组织化学S P法显示bcl 2、p5 3基因蛋白表达。结果 :低度恶性 ,低高混合恶性 ,以及高度恶性组肿瘤细胞凋亡率平均分别为 (0 2 5± 0 12 ) %、(0 46± 0 2 4) %及 (1 32± 0 35 ) % ;而三组bcl 2阳性率分别为 83%、61 6 %及 43 7%。高度恶性组与低度恶性组bcl 2阳性率及凋亡发生率均差异有显著性 (P <0 0 5 ) ;bcl 2表达与凋亡率呈显著负相关 (P <0 0 5 ) ;86例肿瘤组织中 ,p5 3阳性者 2 7例 (30 % ) ,其中低度恶性组 3例 ,混合恶性组 3例 ,高度恶性组 2 1例。高度恶性组 p5 3阳性率高于其余两组。p5 3表达与bcl 2表达著负相关 (P <0 0 5 )。结论 :在胃MALT淋巴瘤中 ,随着组织学分级的提高 ,凋亡细胞显著增多 ,凋亡在肿瘤发生发展转化中起重要作用。p5 3和bcl 2均为重要的凋亡调控基因 ,在胃MALT淋巴瘤从低度恶性到高度恶性的转化中 ,p5 3和bcl 2基因可能起重要作用。     

卡托普利对实验性病毒性心肌炎心肌胶原增生的干预作用

探讨卡托普利对实验性病毒性心肌炎心肌胶原增生的干预作用。雄性Balb c小鼠随机分为对照组、柯萨奇B3病毒感染组 (感染组 )和病毒感染加卡托普利治疗组 (治疗组 )。苦味酸天狼猩红胶原特异染色 ,半定量分析胶原面积及胶原平均光密度。第 14天和 30天实验结果 :(1)感染组小鼠存活率分别为 4 5 5 %、38 5 % ,治疗组分别为72 7%、6 1 5 % ;(2 )心肌胶原面积前者分别为 1 6 5± 0 14、3 0 2± 0 2 9,后者分别为 1 4 9± 0 13、1 75± 0 18;(3)心肌胶原平均光密度前者分别为 0 4 3± 0 0 2、0 5 7± 0 0 5 ,后者分别为 0 4 1± 0 0 2、0 4 5± 0 0 5。提示在病毒性心肌炎急性期予以卡托普利治疗能抑制慢性期心肌胶原纤维过度增生 ,促进预后     

FTY720与CsA联合应用对小鼠脾脏及胸腺重量的影响

由中药提取物制备的免疫抑制剂ＦＴＹ72 0能特异性诱导成熟Ｔ淋巴细胞凋亡 ,与环孢素Ａ(ＣｓＡ)联合应用后可诱导同种异体移植物长期存活。我们给予昆明小鼠不同剂量ＦＴＹ72 0、ＣｓＡ以及两者联合连续服药 2周后 ,比较各组脾脏、胸腺、外周血象和骨髓的变化。结果表明 :(1)对照组脾脏重量为12 1 5± 10 .1ｍｇ ,ＦＴＹ72 0组又分每天0 .3ｍｇ/ｋｇ、3ｍｇ/ｋｇ、10ｍｇ/ｋｇ 3组 ,在服药2周后其脾脏重量为 80 2± 9 5ｍｇ、6 0 .3± 10 .2ｍｇ和 5 0 .6± 8.3ｍｇ,明显降低 ,为对照组的 6 6 % ,49 6 %和 41 6 % (3ｍｇ和10ｍｇ组Ｐ <0 .0…     

Islet Cell Tumor

A case of islet cell tumor occurring in a patient with the multiple endocrine neoplasia type I syndrome is reported. Immunostaining for insulin was strongly positive in the tumor cells. Numerous dense-core granules of endocrine caliber were identified ultrastructurally. Morphometric analysis of the secretory granules in 20 islet cell tumors gave a granule size of 182 ? 52 nm (mean ? standard deviation).     

Tumor imprint cytology of sclerosing stromal tumor of the ovary

Over 90 cases of sclerosing stromal tumor of the ovary (SST) have been reported in the English-language literature, but these authors did not mention the cytologic examination of SST. In 2 patients with SST, we were able to collect specimens for tumor imprint cytology. The number of cells in the specimens was extremely small. Two types of benign cells were observed against a clean background, comprising cells with round nuclei surrounded by abundant cytoplasm and cells with spindle-shaped or oval nuclei that had scanty cytoplasm. Our present findings suggest that intraoperative imprint cytology was able to rule out cancer. Considering that SST most commonly occurs in young women requiring conservative treatment, imprint cytology seems to have a potential diagnostic significance.     

Tumor of mesonephric origin in a diverticulum of the urethra

Summary A case of a rare tumor arising in a diverticulum of the urethra was studied. Light microscopy revealed the typical structures of mesonephric tumor with obvious infiltration of the muscularis. Electron microscopic appearance indicated that the tumor cells were immature and not totally characteristic of any tissue of origin. Apart from appearances suggesting rapid growth, cellular inclusions of various appearance were found.     

五项肿瘤标志物联合检测对食管癌诊治的临床评价

探讨肿瘤标志物癌胚抗原(CEA)、糖类抗原19-9(CA19-9)、CA724、细胞角蛋白19片断(CYFRA21-1)和鳞状上皮细胞癌抗原(SCC)联合检测对食管癌诊断、治疗及预后判断的临床价值.用电化学发光免疫分析法(ECLIA)和微粒子酶联免疫测定法(MEIA)检测102例食管癌患者术前和90例术后血清中CEA、CA19-9、CA724、CYFRA21-1和SCC含量.102例食管癌患者血清中5项肿瘤标志物含量均明显高于对照组,随病程增加,阳性率增高.检测90例食管癌患者,术前阳性指标与术后比较,有显著性差异(P＜0.01).五项肿瘤标志物联合检测阳性率为77.5%,高于单项指标检测阳性率,有显著性差异(P＜0.01).血清CEA、CA19-9、CA724、CYFRA21-1和SCC水平动态联合监测可用于食管癌辅助诊断、疗效观察、以及对病期及预后的判断.     

乳腺肿瘤组织生长抑素受体检测及其临床意义

探讨乳腺良、恶性肿瘤SSR表达的差异对乳腺肿瘤良、恶性的鉴别诊断的价值, 观察SSR表达与ER、PR表达的相关性, 预测乳腺肿瘤生长抑素受体显像的临床价值. 将手术切下的标本分成4组: 乳腺肿瘤恶性组(恶性组)及其对照组(癌旁组), 乳腺肿瘤良性组(良性组)及其对照组(瘤旁组).采用RBA法测定各组织的SSR表达, 采用免疫LsAB法测定ER、PR表达.结果:(1)恶性组、癌旁组、良性组、瘤旁组SSR表达分别为108.6±67.3fmol/mg pr、37.2±9.6fmol/mg pr、43.4±12.6fmol/mg pr、33.9±10.2fmol/mg pr, 恶性组比其对照组及良性组都高, 差异有显著性(P值分别为＜0.001、＜0.01),而良性组与其对照组则无显著性差异(P＞0.05);(2)SSR与ER、PR表达的相关系数分别为0.859、0.750.因此, 大多数乳腺癌组织表达高密度的SSR,可用SSR显像来做良、恶性肿瘤的初步鉴别, SSR表达与ER、PR表达有良好的相关性, 可预测肿瘤恶性程度及其患者预后.     

Warthin's Tumor: An Ultrastructural and Immunohistochemical Study of Basilar Epithelium

The cellular characteristics of the basilar epithelium in Warthin's tumor have had limited investigation. Ultrastructural examination of basal cells in 9 Warthin's tumors reveals that in addition to numerous mitochondria these cells possess a rich complement of tonofilaments. However, in three examples there are a proportion of these tonofilament-rich cells that have a narrow band of microfilaments in the peripheral cytoplasm adjacent to the basal lamina. Frozen sections of Warthin's tumor and normal salivary glands, doubly labeled with rhodamine-phalloidin for actin and monoclonal antibody 312C8-1 for cytokeratin 14, show that normal myoepithelial cells of acini and intercalated ducts have both of these filaments, as do a proportion of basal cells in the tumor. There are distinct differences in the cytokeratin polypeptide complement between normal luminal and myoepithelial cells as well as between luminal and basal cells in Warthin's tumor. Differences occur in the cytokeratin profiles between the luminal and basal cells of Warthin's tumor and comparable cells in the normal gland; however, there continue to be some similarities in the cytokeratin polypeptides of myoepithelium and the basal cells of normal salivary ducts and the basal cells of Warthin's tumor. These findings show that basal cells in Warthin's tumor are a mixed population with some capable of differentiating as myoepithelial-like cells, and that this tumor could arise from any level of the normal salivary gland duct system.     

Warthin's Tumor: An Ultrastructural and Immunohistochemical Study of Basilar Epithelium

The cellular characteristics of the basilar epithelium in Warthin's tumor have had limited investigation. Ultrastructural examination of basal cells in 9 Warthin's tumors reveals that in addition to numerous mitochondria these cells possess a rich complement of tonofilaments. However, in three examples there are a proportion of these tonofilament-rich cells that have a narrow band of microfilaments in the peripheral cytoplasm adjacent to the basal lamina. Frozen sections of Warthin's tumor and normal salivary glands, doubly labeled with rhodamine-phalloidin for actin and monoclonal antibody 312C8-1 for cytokeratin 14, show that normal myoepithelial cells of acini and intercalated ducts have both of these filaments, as do a proportion of basal cells in the tumor. There are distinct differences in the cytokeratin polypeptide complement between normal luminal and myoepithelial cells as well as between luminal and basal cells in Warthin's tumor. Differences occur in the cytokeratin profiles between the luminal and basal cells of Warthin's tumor and comparable cells in the normal gland; however, there continue to be some similarities in the cytokeratin polypeptides of myoepithelium and the basal cells of normal salivary ducts and the basal cells of Warthin's tumor. These findings show that basal cells in Warthin's tumor are a mixed population with some capable of differentiating as myoepithelial-like cells, and that this tumor could arise from any level of the normal salivary gland duct system.     

Cytopathology and Ultrastructure of Primary Rhabdoid Tumor of Lung

This case report presents the light microscopy, immunocytochemistry, and ultrastructure of the first unequivocal extrarenal rhabdoid tumor occurring in lung. Smears and cell blocks prepared from a fine-needle aspiration biopsy show the cyto-pathological features of this unusual neoplasm, in this case presenting in a 74-year-old male. Electron microscopy of the surgically resected circumscribed pulmonary mass assisted in establishing the diagnosis by demonstrating the considerable accumulation of cytoplasmic intermediate filaments that characterize cells in extrarenal rhabdoid tumor and account for the hyaline “inclusion” in this particular lesion.     

Galectin-3 Expression in Tumor Progression and Metastasis of Papillary Thyroid Carcinoma

Galectin-3 plays important roles in cell adhesion, cell proliferation, apoptosis, neoplastic transformation, and metastasis. Galectin-3 expression has been evaluated in various malignant neoplasms to determine its effectiveness in differential diagnosis from benign lesions and its effects on carcinogenesis. There are few and somewhat controversial results regarding its changes through cancer progression in thyroid malignancies. We studied the presence of galectin-3 expression immunohistochemically and its relation with tumor invasiveness and lymph node metastasis in 89 cases of papillary carcinoma of the thyroid. Galectin overexpression was less frequent in cases with lymph node metastases compared with cases without lymph node metastasis (P = 0.001). Metastatic foci in lymph nodes showed a lower degree of galectin-3 overexpression than their primary lesions (P = 0.001). Degree of galectin-3 overexpression was also lower in larger tumors (P = 0.009). Additionally, a decreased level of galectin-3 overexpression was observed at the invasive edges of the tumors (P = 0.001). Galectin-3 overexpression is more profound in early stages of papillary carcinoma, and its expression intensity decreases during tumor progression. This finding is consistent with roles for galectin-3 in cell adhesion to other tumor cells and the matrix.     

Plexiform Fibrohistiocytic Tumor: Ultrastructural Studies May Aid in Discrimination from Cellular Neurothekeoma

ABSTRACT

Plexiform fibrohistiocytic tumor is a low-grade soft tissue malignancy that can at times be difficult to differentiate from the less biologically aggressive cellular neurothekeoma. The two entities, which may display identical clinical and histological features, cannot be distinguished by immunohistochemical or molecular diagnostic means. Electron microscopy may enable the accurate identification of problematic examples and thus aid in resolving these occasionally occurring diagnostic dilemmas. To illustrate typical variations in the ultrastructural appearance of plexiform fibrohistiocytic tumor, the authors present two diagnostically noncontroversial examples, and to demonstrate the potential diagnostic utility of electron microscopy in this setting, they present an example of plexiform fibrohistiocytic tumor that could not otherwise have been distinguished from cellular neurothekeoma.