肾上腺占位病变的多层螺旋CT诊断及鉴别诊断

目的探讨多层螺旋CT对肾上腺占位病变的诊断及鉴别诊断价值。方法回顾性分析经手术病理证实的53例肾上腺占位病变的多层螺旋CT表现特征，所有病例均行多层螺旋CT平扫及增强扫描。结果本组53例共有64个病灶：皮质腺瘤15例21个病灶，嗜铬细胞瘤18例21个病灶。皮质腺癌6例6个病灶，转移瘤4例6个病灶，神经母细胞瘤5例5个病灶，淋巴瘤1例1个病灶，肾上腺囊肿2例2个病灶，节细胞神经瘤2例2个病灶。结论大多数肾上腺占位病变的表现具有一定特征。多层螺旋CT对肾上腺占位病变的诊断及鉴别诊断有重要价值，结合临床及生化检查可显著提高诊断的准确率。     

螺旋CT双期增强扫描在腮腺常见肿瘤中的诊断价值

目的 探讨螺旋CT双期增强扫描在腮腺常见肿瘤中的诊断价值.方法 回顾性分析21例经手术病理证实的腮腺占位性病变的CT平扫和双期增强扫描图像,对病灶的位置、形态,数目,大小,特别是强化方式进行分析.结果 21例病灶中共发现病灶23个,多形性腺瘤13个,增强表现为渐进性强化;4个腺淋巴瘤表现为＂快进快出＂,1个腺淋巴瘤表现为渐进性强化;恶性肿瘤5个表现为早期快速强化,峰值在延迟期.结论 螺旋CT双期增强扫描可以为腮腺常见肿瘤的鉴别诊断提供较多依据.     

螺旋CT双期增强扫描在腮腺常见肿瘤中的诊断价值

目的 探讨螺旋CT双期增强扫描在腮腺常见肿瘤中的诊断价值.方法 回顾性分析21例经手术病理证实的腮腺占位性病变的CT平扫和双期增强扫描图像,对病灶的位置、形态,数目,大小,特别是强化方式进行分析.结果 21例病灶中共发现病灶23个,多形性腺瘤13个,增强表现为渐进性强化;4个腺淋巴瘤表现为"快进快出",1个腺淋巴瘤表现为渐进性强化;恶性肿瘤5个表现为早期快速强化,峰值在延迟期.结论 螺旋CT双期增强扫描可以为腮腺常见肿瘤的鉴别诊断提供较多依据.     

肾上腺转移瘤的CT诊断及鉴别诊断

目的:分析肾上腺转移瘤的CT特征,探讨CT检查对肾上腺转移瘤的诊断与鉴别诊断价值;方法:回顾性分析本院2013年2月~2016年11月经过病理证实的42例肾上腺转移瘤患者的临床及CT资料,总结其临床及CT特征。结果:42例患者中肺转移16例,消化道(胃4例,肠道3例,食管1例);胰腺7例,肝2例,肾1例,其它来源不明8例;病灶位于双侧9例,单侧33例(左侧25例,右侧8例);病灶直径0.5cm~5.4cm,边界规则或不规则,增强扫描轻~中度强化。结论:CT平扫+增强是发现、诊断肾上腺转移肿瘤的可靠方法,可结合患者临床资料及CT特征及测量病变平扫及强化后的CT值进一步作出诊断与鉴别诊断。     

64排螺旋CT在颅底肿瘤手术前的应用

目的 探讨64排螺旋CT三维成像在颅底肿瘤手术前的应用价值.方法 颅底肿瘤患者32例(包括脑膜瘤12例、神经鞘瘤6例、动脉瘤5例、胆脂瘤4例、垂体瘤3例、血管母细胞瘤2例),术前64排螺旋CT三维重建,以容积再现法(VR)、表面遮盖法(SSD)及最大面积投影法(MIP)等做图像三维重建处理,模拟手术入路.结果 32例患者进行64排螺旋CT的VR、SSD和MIP重建,其中30例术后病理诊断与术前CT诊断相一致,28例占位病变的骨窗设计与手术相符,26例病变测量的占位大小、体积与手术相符.结论 64排螺旋CT三维重建对颅底肿瘤诊断及鉴别诊断、设计手术入路及方法有着重要价值.     

多层螺旋CT后处理技术在肾上腺肿瘤及肿瘤样病变中的应用价值

目的：探讨多层螺旋CT（MSCT）在肾上腺肿瘤及肿瘤样病变中的诊断价值及其临床意义。方法：收集经临床保守治疗或手术病理证实的肾上腺肿瘤及肿瘤样病变24例,进行多层螺旋CT检查及三维重建,后处理技术包括薄层重建、多平面重组（MPR）、容积重组（VR）及最大密度投影（MIP）,并进行回顾性分析。结果：24例肾上腺占位病变中,肾上腺增生7例,腺瘤6例,髓样脂肪瘤2例,肾上腺囊肿3例,嗜铬细胞瘤1例,肾上腺转移癌5例。肾上腺良性病变直径多小于3 cm,边界清晰。三维重建图像能清晰显示肾上腺肿瘤及肿瘤样病变的细微结构并能比较准确地对肾上腺肿瘤及肿瘤样病变作出诊断。结论：多层螺旋CT图像质量好,对肾上腺肿瘤及肿瘤样病变的综合判断能力较强,具有较好的应用价值。     

螺旋CT对原发性肝癌的诊断价值

目的探讨螺旋CT对原发性肝癌的诊断价值。方法回顾性分析58例经临床及病理证实的原发性肝癌患者的螺旋CT双期扫描表现。结果58例共发现病灶89个。其中肝左叶35个．肝右叶64个。肿瘤大小0．5-17．9cm,平均4．2cm。平扫发现病灶53个,27个表现为低密度,密度均匀者19个,7个不均匀密度病灶中可见到更低密度的坏死区或脂肪变性。肝动脉期扫描发现病灶82个,高密度均匀性强化75个,不均匀性强化6个,有1个无明显强化仍为低密度。门静脉期扫描发现病灶73个,均转化为稍高密度或等低密度影。结论螺旋CT能充分反映肝癌的血供特点,可为原发性肝癌的诊断提供更多可靠的信息及病变特征。     

多排螺旋CT对肝脏占位性病变的诊断与鉴别

多排螺旋CT不仅具有普通螺旋CT的特征，而且可快速、准确地对病变行多方位、多平面及三维重建观察，更易发现病变的特征，利于鉴别诊断。现将笔者利用多排螺旋CT诊断肝脏占位性病变的经验报告如下。     

螺旋CT双期增强扫描在胃肠道间质瘤中的诊断价值

目的 探讨螺旋CT双期增强扫描在胃肠道间质瘤中的诊断价值.方法 胃肠道间质瘤患者36例,CT设备采用Philips Brilliance16层螺旋CT机,行腹盆腔常规平扫及双期增强扫描,于后处理工作站分析CT数据,全面观察病变的部位、数量、形态、边缘、密度、与周边结构的关系及强化方式.结果 36例患者胃肠道间质瘤均为单发,其中胃18例(50.0%),十二指肠4例(11.1%),空肠6例(16.7%),回肠5例(13.9%),结肠3例(8.3%).共有良性病变8例(22.2%),潜在恶性病变7例(19.4%),恶性病变21例(58.3%).8例良性病变CT平扫密度较均匀,并呈均匀性强化.7例潜在恶性病变中有3例(42.9%)平扫及双期强化CT表现为密度均匀肿块,4例(57.1%)强化后密度不均.21例恶性病变中有20例(95.2%)表现为不均匀强化,比例明显高于良性间质瘤(P<0.05).结论 螺旋CT双期增强扫描在胃肠道间质瘤的诊断中有较高的应用价值.     

女性盆腔囊性病变的多层螺旋CT鉴别诊断价值

目的:探讨女性盆腔囊性病变中多层螺旋CT鉴别诊断的价值。方法:选取2013年2月~2014年2月间该院收治的盆腔囊性病变女性72例,行多层螺旋CT平扫、增强扫描和多平面重建,分析CT图像特征和诊断结果。结果:共发现96个囊性病灶,直径大小为18~211 mm,其中良性78个,恶性18个。72例中卵巢囊肿17例,病灶20个;卵巢囊性畸胎瘤13例,病灶15个;卵巢囊腺瘤11例,病灶13个;卵巢囊腺癌5例,病灶9个;卵巢内膜异位囊肿12例,病灶17个;盆腔囊性感染性包块7例,病灶7个;其他7例,病灶15个。CT检查定位准确率为93.75%,定性准确率为78.12%。结论:针对各种盆腔囊性病变的多层螺旋CT扫描图像均具有较为明确的特征性表现,其对女性盆腔囊性病变肿块的定位和定性诊断具有较高的价值。     

From diagnosis to social diagnosis

In the past two decades, research on the sociology of diagnosis has attained considerable influence within medical sociology. Analyzing the process and factors that contribute to making a diagnosis amidst uncertainty and contestation, as well as the diagnostic encounter itself, are topics rich for sociological investigation. This paper provides a reformulation of the sociology of diagnosis by proposing the concept of 'social diagnosis' which helps us recognize the interplay between larger social structures and individual or community illness manifestations. By outlining a conceptual frame, exploring how social scientists, medical professionals and laypeople contribute to social diagnosis, and providing a case study of how the North American Mohawk Akwesasne reservation dealt with rising obesity prevalence to further illustrate the social diagnosis idea, we embark on developing a cohesive and updated framework for a sociology of diagnosis. This approach is useful not just for sociological research, but has direct implications for the fields of medicine and public health. Approaching diagnosis from this integrated perspective potentially provides a broader context for practitioners and researchers to understand extra-medical factors, which in turn has consequences for patient care and health outcomes.     

胆囊炎症性疾病的影像学诊断与鉴别诊断

胆囊炎症性疾病比较常见 ,随着新设备新技术的不断出现 ,其影像诊断水平发展较快。在选择内科、外科或介入性疗法前多需采用合理有效的影像学检查以保证诊断的准确性。1　各种影像学检查方法的现状X线平片与体层摄影以及静脉法胆系造影虽已失去当年检查此类疾病的主导作用 ,但在某些情况下仍可用作参考。口服法胆囊造影因显影效果欠佳已很少采用。超声 (US)、CT、MRI、磁共振胆胰管成像 (MR CP)、ERCP/PTC是目前常用的影像学检查方法 ,但仍都有其局限性 ,如 :US易受肠道气体影的干扰 ,普通CT横断面检查往往限制胆胰管树全貌的显示…     

Evidence-based diagnosis

Making an accurate diagnosis is essential to ensure that a patient receives appropriate treatment and correct information regarding their prognosis. Characteristics of diagnostic tests are quantified in test accuracy studies, but many such studies have methodological flaws. The HSRC evidence-based diagnosis programme has focused on methods for systematic reviews of test accuracy studies, and the wider context in which tests are ordered and interpreted. We carried out a range of projects relating to literature searching, quality assessment, meta-analysis, presentation of results, and interactions between doctors and patients during the diagnostic process. We have shown that systematic reviews of test accuracy studies should search a range of databases and that current diagnostic filters do not have sufficient accuracy to be used in test accuracy reviews. Summary quality scores should not be used in test accuracy reviews; the Quality Assessment of Studies of Diagnostic Accuracy included in Systematic Reviews (QUADAS) tool for assessing test accuracy studies is acceptable for quality assessment. We have shown that the hierarchical summary receiver operating characteristic (HSROC) and bivariate models for meta-analysis of test accuracy are statistically equivalent in many circumstances, and have developed an add-on module for the statistical software package Stata that enables these statistically rigorous models to be fitted by those without expert statistical knowledge. Three areas that would benefit from further research are literature searching, synthesis of results from individual patient data and presentation of results.     

Distant diagnosis

Effective communications are essential for any operation and for management of health-related problems. Telemedicine has altered profoundly the manner in which primary care physicians can interact with hospitals and specialists. As dedicated medical ICT systems evolve, medical care will be delivered to patients in remote locations in a more efficient and cost-effective way. Companies invariably have a vision that healthcare decisions benefiting patient care should be made anytime and anywhere in a model that facilitates care at the point of need. The development of telemedicine programs is inevitable as business globalization expands to more challenging cultural and geographic areas.     

DNA-based diagnosis

DNA diagnostics is rapidly developing and gaining ground especially in the identification of genetic, malignant and infectious diseases as well as in the identification of individuals by means of DNA finger-printing. Present review deals with these and with the technical aspects of DNA diagnostics. The rapidly expanding field of diagnostics is contrasted by gene therapy which is recently not yet adaptable for human use.