C-erbB2基因与肺癌

C-erbB_2又称neu基因,是1985年确认的v-erbB_2相关的原癌基因,编码一个185KD的糖蛋白,与表皮生长因子受体(EGFR)十分近似,通过基因扩增和蛋白产物的过度表达而与人类肿瘤发生有关.P185neu在乳腺癌、卵巢癌、前列腺癌、胃癌及肺癌等肿瘤中均有不同程度的过表达,对这些肿瘤的诊断、治疗和予后均具有意义.本文对C-erbB_2基因与肿瘤的关系特别是与肺癌的关系作一扼要介绍.     

4-二甲氨基苯酚实验治疗硫化钠中毒

硫化钠中毒主要是对呼吸酶——细胞色素氧化酶的可逆性抑制.4-二甲氨基苯酚(4-DMAP)形成的MHb可竞争结合有毒的无机硫离子而解毒.比较小鼠的4-DMAP或NaNO_2抗Na_2S中毒,因4-DMAP形成MHb快,所以抗毒效价得进一步提高.观察狗的各种药物抗Na_2S中毒效果.当症状出现后,静注NaNO_2或4_DMAP或吸入AmNO_2的实验结果,4-DMAP或NaNO_2抗1LD Na_2S中毒有效,但AmNO_2无效.     

反映成骨细胞特异转录因子Runx2活性的细胞模型构建

目的 构建稳定表达由6OSE2启动子驱动的萤火虫荧光素酶的小鼠C2C12成肌细胞,并筛选出能定量反映Runx2活性的细胞株.方法 双酶切pUC57-6OSE2,获得启动子片段;插入到消化后的pGL4.14,构建真核表达载体;随后将其转染到C2C12细胞中;用潮霉素B筛选获得稳定转染的细胞株C2C12-6OSE2-Luc...     

电镜放射自显影研究浓缩铀UO2F2在细胞内超微结构的滞留

本文运用电镜放射自显影技术研究了可溶性浓缩铀UO₂F₂在机体细胞内亚微结构的滞留动态。发现浓缩铀UO₂F2的内污染危害早期集中于肾脏, 尤其沉积在近端曲细尿管上皮细胞中, 从而导致其上皮细胞的变性、坏死和脱落。对肝细胞浓缩铀UO₂F₂：开始主要沉积到肝细胞核中以及胞浆中可溶性蛋白质部位, 随着时间的延长, 浓缩铀UO₂F₂主要定位于肝细胞线粒体, 其次是溶酶佳。浓缩铀UO₂F₂在骨组织中的沉积呈持续上升, 主要沉积在松质骨的骨细胞核和破骨细胞核中, 在胞质线粒体中也有浓集, 且其滞留期长, 很难排除。     

T2WI在监控MR介导无水乙醇消融VX2瘤兔的实验研究

目的在对VX2瘤兔经皮无水乙醇注射术(PEI)消融时,对T2WI监控无水乙醇分布的效果进行评价。材料与方法制备18只肝VX2瘤兔,在1.5T磁共振扫描仪下,应用快速翻转自旋回波(FRFSE)T2WI序列完成PEI术中监控的扫描。结果在对VX2兔行PEI时,T2WI在治疗后有多种信号改变,利用乙醇治疗前后的信号变化,无水乙醇分布范围与病理上肿瘤的坏死范围有正相关性。结论PEI时,T2WI能初步地用于监控无水乙醇的分布。     

力竭运动对大鼠大脑P2X_2、P2X_4和P2X_6受体表达的影响

目的:探讨一次和反复力竭游泳运动后大鼠大脑ATP受体P2X之三个亚型P2X2、P2X4和P2X6的时相性变化特点。方法:健康成年雄性SD大鼠68只,分为一次力竭游泳运动组和反复力竭游泳运动组及安静对照组,反复力竭组大鼠每日负重3%体重进行力竭游泳运动,共训练2周。运动组分别于力竭运动后即刻、4小时、12小时和24小时取材,采用实时荧光定量PCR方法测定力竭运动后大鼠P2X2、P2X4和P2X6受体亚型mRNA水平。结果:(1)反复力竭运动后12小时组P2X2相对表达率达到峰值,与反复力竭其它各组及安静对照组、一次力竭12小时组均有显著差异(P<0.01)。(2)一次力竭即刻组P2X4相对表达率与安静对照组、4小时组、12小时组比较有显著统计学差异(分别为P<0.01、P<0.05、P<0.01)。(3)反复力竭运动后12小时组P2X6相对表达率达到峰值。结论:3种受体亚型在一次力竭运动和反复力竭运动后12小时出现峰值或峰值趋势,提示在力竭运动后12小时,这3种P2X受体亚型所参与的中枢神经生理生化活动在此时可能会达到一个活跃期。     

犬冲击伤复合破片伤血栓素A2受体表达变化

目的 探讨血栓素A2受体表达以及在血栓素A2受体信号通路中起重要作用的磷脂酶A2在犬冲击伤复合破片伤肺组织中的变化。方法 实验动物经BST－I型生物激波管致中度肺冲击伤，三角形破片致单侧后肢破片伤。检测伤后24小时肺组织血栓素A2受体最大结合容量和亲和力、血栓素A2受体基因表达以及磷脂酶A2活性水平。结果 复合伤组动物肺组织血栓素A2受体数目明显低于其它各实验组。与对照组相比，单纯冲击伤组、单纯破片伤组和复合伤组动物肺组织血栓素A2受体基因转录水平以及磷脂酶A2活性明显升高，但以复合伤组最为显著。结论 冲击伤复合高速破片伤肺组织血栓素A2受体的表达以及磷脂酶A2活性变化与单纯冲击和破片伤有显著不同。     

重组干扰素α—2a和白介素—2对慢性乙肝疗效观察

为探讨重组干扰素α-2a(IFNα-2α)和白介素-2(IL-2)在治疗慢性乙型肝炎中不同用法的疗效,1996～1997年,我们对慢性乙肝患者采用INF-α-2a和IL-2单独和联合应用,发现联合用药效果较好。1　对象和方法1.1　对象　慢性乙肝135例,HBsAg、HBcAg、抗HBcIgM、前白蛋白S2抗原均阳性,诊断和分型均符合1995年北京第五次全国传染病寄生虫病学术会议修订的病毒性肝炎防治标准。随机分为IFNα-2a和IL-2联合组45例,男31例,女14例;年龄21～54岁;IFNα-2a组及IL-2组各45例,在病程、诊断分型、年龄、性别、肝功等方面与治疗组有可比性,均无应用…     

β照射对NIH3T3细胞中基质金属蛋白酶和糖基转移酶表达的影响及牛磺酸的干预作用

目的观察β射线对NIH3T3成纤维细胞中基质金属蛋白酶2（MMP2）和N-乙酰氨基半乳糖转移酶2（ppGalNAcT2，E．C2．4．1．41）基因mRNA表达的影响，并探讨牛磺酸对β辐射损伤的防护作用。方法以不同剂量的高能电子射线模拟β射线照射NIH3T3细胞，另外在15Gy照射组中提前12h加入不同浓度的牛磺酸（Tau），照后12h收集各组细胞，采用lit—PCR法检测MMP2、ppGalNAcT2在mRNA水平的表达差异。结果β射线照射NIH3T3细胞后MMP2的mRNA表达量增加，且与照射剂量呈正相关，ppGalNAcT2的变化情况正好相反，加入牛磺酸后可以起干预作用。结论5—15Gyβ射线照射对NIH3T3细胞中ppGalNAcT2在mRNA水平的表达有抑制作用，提示ppGalNAcT2可能与细胞的癌变等过程有关，牛磺酸能抑制MMP2的表达，同时促进ppGalNAcT2的表达，因而具有辐射防护作用。     

Cardiovascular and endocrine responses to 90 degree tilt during a 35-day saturation dive to 46 and 37 ATA

INTRODUCTION: Hyperbaria-induced diuresis is accompanied by decreased basal and stimulated release of arginine vasopressin (AVP) and decreased blood volume possibly contributing to the reported orthostatic intolerance. Since hyperosmolality is not a consistent finding, the explanation of blood volume reduction at hyperbaria must involve an osmotic component to the diuresis. Investigations of a possible involvement of atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) to the hyperbaric diuresis have revealed mixed results. METHODS: Urinary excretion of electrolytes, AVP, and aidosterone were measured in four male subjects studied at 1 atmosphere absolute (ATA) and at 46 and 37 ATA (0.5 atmospheres pressure O2: 5% N2: remainder He) during a 35-d saturation dive. Also, the supine and 90 degrees tilt-stimulated plasma levels of AVP, plasma renin activity (PRA), and aldosterone, and the suppressed responses of ANP and the cardiovascular responses to tilt were determined at these pressures. RESULTS: Tilt-stimulated levels of PRA were increased two- to threefold and the AVP response was eliminated throughout hyperbaria, except in two episodes of tilt-induced syncope where AVP was elevated 10- to 20-fold. This pattern supports most previous reports. Contrary to some reports, both supine and tilt-suppressed levels of ANP were reduced by about 50% at all three tilt experiments conducted at hyperbaria compared to predive control values. DISCUSSION: These results suggest an altered ANP response at pressures of 37 ATA or greater, which is consistent with an appropriate ANP response to blood volume reduction and further suggest that the hyperbaric diuresis is not dependent on increased ANP.     

维持性血透患者血浆肾上腺髓质素水平的研究

应用放射免疫法(RIA)观察了32倒尿毒症维持性血液透析(HD)患者透析前后血浆肾上腺髓质素(AM)的变化,并测定了25例正常人进行对照,发现尿毒症患者AM较正常人明显增高,血透后无明显变化,血浆AM水平与血浆BUN、ET、ANP、TXB_2/6-酮及平均动脉压有明显的正相关关系,与ATll、TXB_2,6-酮无相关性.结果提示维持性血液透析患者AM升高可能与尿毒症患者血压增高,做为病理性修饰及某些血管活性物质平衡调节有关.     

超声检查应用于亚临床HRS的价值

目的 探讨超声检查应用于亚临床肝肾综合征（preclinicalHRS）的价值。方法 应用多普勒超声检测肾功能正常的肝硬化腹水患者和肝硬化无腹水惠者的肾脏血流动力学改变，并与正常组对照。结果 肝硬化无腹水组与对照组肾动脉血流动力学参数无差异。肝硬化腹水组肾动脉舒张期血流速（PDV）显著低于肝硬化无腹水组和对照组（P〈0．01），而收缩期血流速（PSV）三组之间无差异（P〉0．05）。但肝硬化腹水组肾动脉阻力指数（RI）和搏动指数（PI）均显著高于其余两组（P〈0、01）。结论 本研究中肝硬化腹水组可以归入亚临床HRS。多普勒超声能敏感、客观地评价肾功能正常的肝硬化患者肾脏血流动力学紊乱情况，进而了解肾小球滤过率（GFR）和肾血流状态，对亚临床HRS的诊断有重要价值。     

哮喘患者肺泡巨噬细胞释放前列腺素E、F_(2α)的实验研究

对哮喘11例患者和12名正常人进行支气管肺泡灌洗(BAL),两组BAL液中细胞总数和各细胞百分率包括肺泡巨噬细胞(AM)、淋巴细胞、嗜中性与嗜酸性粒细胞无显著差异。体外培养条件下,粉尘螨(DPF)抗原激发后,哮喘者AM释放前列腺素E(PGE)的量明显增加。哮喘者AM经DPF特异性IgE阳性血清致敏及DPF激发,释放PGE前列腺素F_(2a)(PGF_(2a))均较DPF特异性阴性血清及DPF激发组显著增加(P<0.01),PGE/PGF_(2a)比值明显下降,并与患者MCH-PC_(20)值明显正相关。结果表明,哮喘者AM在特异性IgE及抗原作用下释放PGE、PGF_(2a)量的不同,乃至PGE/PGF_(2a)比值下降对哮喘发病起重要作用。BAL用于稳定性哮喘患者较为安全。     

Aerobic fitness: I. Response of volume regulating hormones to head-down tilt.

We investigated the relationship of aerobic fitness to the response of volume-regulating hormones to acute simulated microgravity. Six untrained (UT) and six endurance-trained (ET) healthy young males were studied in the head-down tilt (HDT) position of -6 degrees for 4 h. Peak oxygen uptake (VO2peak) and plasma volume (PV) were significantly greater in the ET (VO2peak = 61.7 +/- 1.6 ml.min-1.kg-1 and PV = 53.1 +/- 2.8 ml.kg-1) than in the UT (VO2peak = 38.4 +/- 1.7 ml.min-1.kg-1 and PV = 38.8 +/- 1.0 ml.kg-1). Plasma concentrations of atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP), arginine vasopressin (AVP), norepinephrine (NE), renin activity (PRA), and aldosterone (PA) were measured prior to HDT and at minutes 2, 5, 15, 30, 60, 120, 180, and 240 during HDT. PRA and PA significantly decreased during the time of HDT in both groups. The changes in ANP and NE concentrations were not significantly different between the groups nor across time. However, in the ET subjects, the changes in PRA and NE were significantly correlated with the changes in ANP (r = 0.49, P less than 0.01; and r = 0.86, P less than 0.001, respectively); in the UT subjects, the changes in AVP, PRA, and PA were significantly associated with changes in NE (r = 0.34, P less than 0.03; and r = 0.59; and r = 0.53, P less than 0.01, respectively). PV significantly decreased during HDT, and was primarily related to the decrease in PA in both groups.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)     

Hormonal, fluid, and electrolyte changes during a 72-h recovery from a 24-h endurance run

To examine body fluid regulation over 72 h of recovery from a 24-h endurance race, changes in plasma volume (delta PV) and plasma aldosterone (A), cortisol (CO), antidiuretic hormone (ADH), and atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) were studied in nine male runners before (C) and after (1-2 h = D0; 24 h = D1; 48 h = D2; 72 h = D3) the race, 24-h urine collections were made 1 week before (C), during the 24-h race/U0), and during the 3 days following the end of the race (U1, U2, and U3). On D0 delta PV decreased (2%). A, CO and ADH increased (380%, 200%, and 133%, respectively, from C values) and ANP decreased (68%). No significant changes were found in sodium, potassium, osmolality in plasma, in 24-h urine volume (UV), and natriuresis (Na+). Urinary potassium excretion (K+) increased (256% from C value). During the 3 days of recovery delta PV rose markedly with a peak on D2 (24%) and remained elevated on D3 (15%). CO, ADH, and ANP returned to baseline on D1 and A on D3. Significant inverse effects were observed on ADH (P less than 0.001) and ANP (P less than 0.01): from C values, ADH decreased (21% and 29%) and ANP increased (41% and 58%) on D2 and D3, respectively. UV and Na+ were depressed on D1 and D2. This study shows that the hormonal responses observed immediately after the 24-h run favored a relative fluid conservation. The hypervolemia that occurred during the 3-day recovery was related to renal responses on D1 and D2 and appeared to be the primary factor in the hormonal responses on D2 and D3.     

高压氧舱治疗对高海拔人群肱动脉依赖性舒张功能的影响

目的：探讨高压氧舱治疗（HBOT）对高海拔人群肱动脉依赖性舒张功能（EDD）的影响。方法：用彩色多普勒技术分别检测接受高压氧舱治疗的103例高海拔人群在进舱前、出舱时及1疗程后肱动脉EDD,同时用酶联免疫吸附试验（ELISA）法分别检测其中13例在治疗前后血浆内皮素（ET－1）、心钠素（ANP）和血栓素（TXB）水平。结果：与进舱前比较,出舱时及l疗程后肱动脉EDD值明显上升（P〈0．01）;治疗后血浆ET－l、ANP及TXB均呈下降趋势。结论：0．22MPa（绝对压）HBOT对肱动脉血管内皮功能有改善和修复作用;血浆中ET－1、ANP和TXB等指标的检测可做为临床判断血管内皮功能及评估疗效的重要手段。     

不同肝功能分级肝硬化患者的食管压力测定

为了解不同肝功能分级肝硬化患者食管蠕动功能和食管压力变化的特点，选择肝硬化患者（肝硬化组）94例，均经临床或病理确诊为肝硬化且有食管静脉曲张，肝功能Child分级；A组38例，有8例伴发腹水，B级37例，有20例伴发腹水；C级19例，有18例伴发腹水，另选择无肝硬化的正常对照（正常对照组）72例，均无消化系统疾病及胃肠道症状，无腹部手术，外伤史。检查前7天停用所有影响胃肠动力的药物。采用美国Sandhill公司Biolab食管动力检测系统及配套分析软件。结果显示，肝硬化肝功能A－C级各组食管下段括约肌静息压依次降低，松弛压力增大，松弛率变小；肝硬化组食管上段蠕动波起始点速度变慢，蠕动性收缩减少，异常收缩增加；肝硬化肝功能A－C级各组食管体部下段蠕动压力幅值依次降低，蠕动波起始点速度变慢，蠕动性收缩减少，异常收缩增加。以上结果表明，肝硬化患者肝功能损害越重，对食管正常动力影响越大，同时肝硬化患者食管静脉曲张与腹水形成亦有协同作用。     

Value of acoustic radiation force impulse elastography for the assessment of ascites syndrome

AIM:To assess the feasibility of performing acoustic radiation force impulse(ARFI) elastography in patients with ascites and its predictive value for the cirrhotic or non-cirrhotic etiology of ascites.METHODS:Our study included 153 patients with ascites,mean age 58.8 ± 13.1 years.One hundred and fifteen(75.2%) patients had ascites in the context of cirrhosis,29(18.9%) had non-cirrhotic ascites(diagnosed by clinical,ultrasound,endoscopic and/or laparoscopic criteria) and in 9(5.9%) cases we could not establish the etiology of ascites.We performed 10 ARFI measurements and the median value was calculated and expressed in meters/second(m/s).Among the 29 patients with non-cirrhotic ascites were included:20 laparoscopically demonstrated peritoneal carcinomatosis with histological confirmation,7 acute pancreatitis with ascites which later resolved,and one case each of lymphatic ascites and ascites in the context of a liver abscess.In 11 of the 20 patients with peritoneal carcinomatosis,the liver structure was homogenous in the ultrasound examination and in 9 patients the ultrasound exam revealed liver metastases.RESULTS:We could not obtain valid ARFI measurements in 5 patients(3.2%).The mean liver stiffness measurements by means of ARFI were statistically significantly higher in patients with cirrhotic ascites than in those with non-cirrhotic ascites:3.04 ± 0.70 vs 1.45 ± 0.59 m/s(P < 0.001).For a cut-off value of 1.8 m/s for predicting cirrhosis(and ascites in the context of cirrhosis),as obtained in a previous study,ARFI had 98.1% sensitivity,86.2% specificity,96.4% positive predictive value,92.5% negative predictive value and 95.6% accuracy for predicting cirrhotic ascites.For a cut-off value of 1.9 m/s the accuracy was 94.9% and for a 2 m/s cut-off value it was 92.8%.CONCLUSION:ARFI elastography is feasible in most patients with ascites and has a very good predictive value for the cirrhotic or non-cirrhotic etiology of ascites.