广西黑衣壮族人群血压和血脂水平调查

目的探讨广西黑衣壮族人群的血压和血脂水平及其高血压与高脂血症的关系。方法采用整群抽样方法对1056例黑衣壮族人群的血压、身高、体重、体重指数、血脂及载脂蛋白（Apo）进行测定,并将其结果与925例当地的汉族人群作比较。结果黑衣壮族人群收缩压和脉压水平显著高于汉族人群（P〈0．001）,单纯收缩期高血压和高血压的患病率也明显高于汉族人群（P〈0．001）;而总胆固醇（TC）、甘油三酯（TG）、低密度脂蛋白一胆固醇和ApoB水平则显著低于汉族人群（P〈0．05～0．001）,高胆固醇血症和高脂血症患病率也显著低于汉族人群（P〈0．05）,但高密度脂蛋白胆固醇水平和Apo A1／B比值则显著高于汉族人群（P〈0．001）。黑衣壮族人群高血压患病率与TG呈显著正相关（r=0．425,P〈0．05）,而汉族人群高血压患病率则与TC呈显著正相关（r=0．623,P〈0．001）。结论黑衣壮族人群的血压和血脂水平与汉族人群存在显著差异,高血压和高脂血症患病率有密切关系。     

广西黑衣壮族中老年人群的血脂水平及其影响因素

目的了解广西黑衣壮族中老年人群的血脂水平及其危险因素。方法采用整群抽样调查方法对657例黑衣壮族中老年人群的血压、身高、体重、体重指数(BMI)、血脂及载脂蛋白(apo)进行测定,并将其结果与520例当地的汉族人群作比较。结果黑衣壮族人群的总胆固醇、甘油三酯、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇和apoB水平明显低于汉族人群(P<0.05),但高密度脂蛋白胆固醇水平和apoA1/apoB则显著高于汉族人群(P<0.01);两民族的apoA1水平比较差异无显著性意义。黑衣壮族人群血脂异常患病率也明显低于汉族人群(P<0.05)。黑衣壮族人群血脂异常患病率与BMI和血压呈显著正相关,而汉族人群血脂异常患病率则与年龄、BMI和血压呈显著正相关,与性别呈显著负相关(女性高于男性)。结论黑衣壮族和汉族中老年人群的血脂谱、血脂异常患病率及其危险因素存在明显差异,可能与他们的饮食习惯、生活方式、体力活动和遗传因素不同有关。     

广西黑衣壮族人群的血脂水平及其危险因素

黑衣壮族人群总胆固醇、甘油三酯、低密度脂蛋白-胆固醇和载脂蛋白B水平明显低于汉族人群,但高密度脂蛋白-胆固醇水平和载脂蛋白A1与载脂蛋白B比值则显著高于汉族人群。黑衣壮族人群高脂血症受年龄、体重指数和血压的影响。     

广西黑衣壮族中老年人群的血压水平及其影响因素

目的了解广西黑衣壮族中老年人群的血压水平及其影响因素。方法采用整群抽样的方法对657例黑衣壮族中老年人进行血压、身高、体重、体质指数、血脂及载脂蛋白的测定,并将其结果与520例当地的汉族人比较。结果黑衣壮族中,老年人的收缩压和脉压水平显著高于汉族人群,收缩压分别为(129．0±20．1)mm Hg和(125．8±17．4)mm Hg,(P<0．01);脉区分别为(51．5±16．1)mm Hg和(47．1±12．0)mm Hg(P<0．01)。黑衣壮族人群高血压患病率高于汉族人群(32．9％和24．6％,P<0．01),单纯收缩期高血压的患病率也明显高于汉族人群(16．7％对5．2％, P<0．01)。黑衣壮族人群高血压患病率与甘油三酯、男性、年龄和饮酒量呈显著正相关,而汉族人群高血压患病率与总胆固醇、男性、年龄、饮酒量和体质指数呈显著正相关。黑衣壮族和汉族人群高血压的知晓率分别为7．9％和19．5％(P<0．01),治疗率为4．2％和13．3％(P<0．01),控制率为1．4％和9．4％(P<0．01)。结论黑衣壮族和汉族人群的血压水平和高血压患病率存在差异,可能与他们生活的地理环境、生活方式、钠盐摄入过多、文化程度低及遗传背景等不同有关。     

广西黑衣壮族中老年人群高血压患病率调查

目的探讨广西黑衣壮族中老年人群高血压的患病情况及其影响因素.方法采用整群抽样方法对657例≥40岁黑衣壮族人群的血压、身高、体重、体重指数、血脂及载脂蛋白进行测定,并将其结果与520例当地的汉族人群作比较.结果黑衣壮族人群高血压的患病率明显高于汉族人群(32.9%比24.6%,P＜0.01),黑衣壮族人群单纯收缩期高血压的患病率也明显高于汉族人群(16.7%比5.2%,P＜0.001).黑衣壮族和汉族人群高血压患病率受总胆固醇、甘油三酯、年龄、性别、饮酒、民族和体重指数的影响.黑衣壮族和汉族人群高血压知晓率为7.9%比19.5%(P＜0.01),治疗率4.2%比13.3%(P＜0.01),控制率1.4%比9.4%(P＜0.01).结论广西黑衣壮族中老年人群高血压患病率显著高于汉族,而高血压知晓率、治疗率和控制率则显著低于汉族.     

新疆哈汉两民族血脂、脂蛋白(a)及载脂蛋白AI和B水平的比较与相关研究

为了探讨和了解各种脂质、脂蛋白及载脂蛋白水平在我国民族间是否也存在差异,对新疆地区的汉族居民911人（男性466人,女性445人）及哈萨克族居民773人（男性360人,女性413人）随机个体血总胆固醇、甘油三酯、高／低密度脂蛋白胆固醇、脂蛋白（a)及载脂蛋白AI和B进行测定。结果发现,与汉族人群比较,哈萨克族人群男女均有较高的高密度脂蛋白胆固醇（P＜0．001）和载脂蛋白AI（P＜0．001）水平与较低的甘油三酯（P＜0．01,P＜0．001）、脂蛋白（a)（均P＜0．005）、载脂蛋白B（P＜0．005,P＜0．001）水平及较低水平的载脂蛋白B／AI值（P＜0．01,P＜0．001）;汉族人群有20．7％的个体载脂蛋白AI低于1．2g/L,而哈萨克族人群中只有9．8％的个体载脂蛋白AI低于1．2g/L,汉族人群有18．6％的个体载脂蛋白B高于1．2g/L,而哈萨克族人群中只有14．3％的个体载脂蛋白B超过1．2g/L;多因素相关与回归分析发现：脂蛋白（a)、载脂蛋白AI及载脂蛋白B／AI值在两民族间有密切的相关关系。血脂、脂蛋白（a)、载脂蛋白AI及载脂蛋白水平存在显著的民族间的差异,推测遗传因素可能控制和影响着个体脂代谢过程,以致形成了各民族独特的脂代谢方式并最终影响其血脂及载脂蛋白水平。     

老年人脂肪肝与冠心病危险因素的相关性

目的探讨老年人脂肪肝与冠心病危险因素之间的关系。方法调查920例老年男性,分析其脂肪肝与年龄、体质指数(BMI)、平均血压、谷丙转氨酶、总胆固醇、甘油三酯、空腹血糖、吸烟和饮酒之间的关系,并对脂肪肝、肥胖与高血压、高胆固醇血症、高甘油三酯血症、糖尿病之间的关系进行多元回归分析。结果920例老年男性非肥胖(BMI<28kg/m2)与肥胖(BMI≥28kg/m2)者脂肪肝的患病率(分别为111%和409%)比较,差异有显著性(P<005)。脂肪肝的患病率与高甘油三酯血症呈显著正相关(OR=3491,P<001),与高胆固醇血症、糖尿病呈正相关(OR=1539、1585,均为P<005)。当将肥胖和脂肪肝分别与冠心病的危险因素进行相关分析,在脂肪肝组中冠心病危险因素除高血压外OR值均高于肥胖组。结论在男性老年人群中,脂肪肝与冠心病的危险因素有相关性。     

北京社区超重及肥胖人群血脂异常患病及知晓现状

目的 调查北京社区超重及肥胖人群血脂异常患病及知晓情况.方法 对9786例"首都社区居民胆固醇教育及控制"项目受调查者资料进行分析.按体质指数将受调查者分为正常体重、超重及肥胖3类人群.根据晨起空腹血浆化验结果,评价3类人群各型血脂指标水平及血脂异常患病率.根据问卷调查结果评价血脂异常患者对疾病的认知情况.结果 (1)总胆固醇、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇、甘油三酯与体质指数的相关系数分别为0.17、0.18、-0.26和0.35(P均<0.01).(2)随体质指数增加,人群血脂异常患病率逐渐上升.正常体重、超重及肥胖人群标准化后,血脂异常患病率男性分别为23.9%、43.3%和65.4%,女性分别为17.9%、29.2%和42.3%.血脂异常患病率肥胖男性高于肥胖女性(65.4%比42.3%,P<0.01).患高胆固醇血症、高低密度脂蛋白血症、低高密度脂蛋白血症以及高甘油三酯血症的风险男性肥胖者分别是正常体重者的1.6、2.9、2.4及2.7倍,而女性肥胖者分别是正常体重者的1.3、1.9、1.7及2.1倍.(3)血脂异常患病知晓率正常体重、超重及肥胖男性分别为20.8%、27.8%和25.2%(P>0.05),女性分别为34.6%、34.5%及29.4%(P>0.05).结论 肥胖者血脂异常患病率高于正常体重人群,但其患病知晓率仍然较低.应将肥胖人群,尤其是年轻男性肥胖者作为降脂干预的重点对象.     

北京社区超重及肥胖人群血脂异常患病及知晓现状

目的 调查北京社区超重及肥胖人群血脂异常患病及知晓情况.方法 对9786例"首都社区居民胆固醇教育及控制"项目受调查者资料进行分析.按体质指数将受调查者分为正常体重、超重及肥胖3类人群.根据晨起空腹血浆化验结果,评价3类人群各型血脂指标水平及血脂异常患病率.根据问卷调查结果评价血脂异常患者对疾病的认知情况.结果 (1)总胆固醇、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇、甘油三酯与体质指数的相关系数分别为0.17、0.18、-0.26和0.35(P均<0.01).(2)随体质指数增加,人群血脂异常患病率逐渐上升.正常体重、超重及肥胖人群标准化后,血脂异常患病率男性分别为23.9%、43.3%和65.4%,女性分别为17.9%、29.2%和42.3%.血脂异常患病率肥胖男性高于肥胖女性(65.4%比42.3%,P<0.01).患高胆固醇血症、高低密度脂蛋白血症、低高密度脂蛋白血症以及高甘油三酯血症的风险男性肥胖者分别是正常体重者的1.6、2.9、2.4及2.7倍,而女性肥胖者分别是正常体重者的1.3、1.9、1.7及2.1倍.(3)血脂异常患病知晓率正常体重、超重及肥胖男性分别为20.8%、27.8%和25.2%(P>0.05),女性分别为34.6%、34.5%及29.4%(P>0.05).结论 肥胖者血脂异常患病率高于正常体重人群,但其患病知晓率仍然较低.应将肥胖人群,尤其是年轻男性肥胖者作为降脂干预的重点对象.     

血清载脂蛋白人群分布特征及与血脂的关系

目的 :分析自然人群中载脂蛋白 (apo)AⅠ、AⅡ、B、CⅡ、CⅢ和E的性别、年龄分布特征 ,及与血脂的关系。方法 :1999年 9月至 10月在北京市自然人群中采用分层随机抽样进行横断面研究。1174名 35～ 6 4岁的男女两性测定了apoAⅠ、AⅡ、B、CⅡ、CⅢ、E和血脂。结果 :1 人群apoAⅠ、AⅡ、B呈正态分布 ,CⅡ、CⅢ和E呈对数正态分布。 2 35～ 6 4岁女性各载脂蛋白均随年龄的增加而升高 ,男性仅apoAⅠ随年龄的增加而升高。 3 男性apoAⅠ低于女性 ,apoAⅡ、B、CⅡ、CⅢ高于女性。女性绝经后各载脂蛋白水平较绝经前高 (P <0 0 5 )。 4 高胆固醇血症 (或混合型高脂血症 )者各种载脂蛋白均升高 (P<0 0 1) ,单纯低高密度脂蛋白血症者AⅠ、AⅡ和CⅢ显著降低 (P <0 0 5 )。 5 多因素分析表明 :apoB与非高密度脂蛋白胆固醇 (nHDL C)相关最强 ,男女两性的偏相关平方 (PartialR2 )分别为 0 6 5 8和 0 76 9,但它与低密度脂蛋白胆固醇 (LDL C)的相关则较弱 ,男女两性的PartialR2 分别为 0 2 43和 0 183;apoAⅠ与HDL C的相关最强 ,男女两性的PartialR2 分别为 0 2 82和 0 2 38;apoCⅢ与男性TG和绝经前女性TG的相关最强PartialR2 分别为 0 6 2 9和 0 6 37。结论 :人群载脂蛋白水平与性别、年龄和绝经状况有关 :3     

Effects of demographic, dietary and other lifestyle factors on the prevalence of hyperlipidemia in Guangxi Hei Yi Zhuang and Han populations.

BACKGROUND: Han is the largest nationality and Zhuang is the largest minority among 56 nationalities in China. Hei Yi (means black-worship and black dressing) Zhuang is a special subgroup of 43 ethnic subgroups of Zhuang. There are limited data about the effect of environmental factors on the prevalence of hyperlipidemia in this population. The aim of this study was to determine the effects of demographic, dietary, and other lifestyle factors on the prevalence of hyperlipidemia in Hei Yi Zhuang and Han populations. DESIGN: We performed a cross-sectional study of 1166 randomly selected people of Hei Yi Zhuang aged 7-84 years from seven villages in Napo County, Guangxi, China; and 1018 people of Han aged 6-89 years from nine villages in the same region. METHODS: Information on demographic characteristics, dietary patterns, and other lifestyle factors was collected by standard questionnaires. Blood pressure, height, weight, waist circumference, serum lipids and apolipoproteins were measured, and body mass index (BMI) was calculated as a measure of weight relative to height. RESULTS: The prevalence rates of hypercholesterolemia, hypertriglyceridemia and hyperlipidemia in Hei Yi Zhuang and Han were 23.6 versus 27.0% (P>0.05), 12.3 versus 14.4% (P>0.05) and 29.9 versus 34.2% (P<0.05), respectively. The prevalence of hyperlipidemia was positively correlated with age, BMI and blood pressure (P<0.05- 0.001) in Hei Yi Zhuang, whereas it was positively associated with age, BMI, blood pressure and alcohol consumption in Han (P<0.01-0.001). There was no significant correlation between the prevalence of hyperlipidemia and sex or cigarette smoking in Hei Yi Zhuang, Han or a combined population of Hei Yi Zhuang and Han (P>0.05), and alcohol consumption in Hei Yi Zhuang (P>0.05). CONCLUSION: The current study reveals that there is a significant difference in the prevalence of hyperlipidemia and its risk factors between Hei Yi Zhuang and Han, which might result from different demographic characteristics, dietary habits and other lifestyle factors.     

Polymorphism of the Sterol Regulatory Element-Binding Protein-2 Gene and Its Association With Serum Lipid Levels in the Guangxi Hei Yi Zhuang and Han Populations

BackgroundInformation about the association of sterol regulatory element-binding protein-2 (SREBP-2) gene polymorphism at the 1784G>C locus and serum lipid parameters is limited and contradictory. The present study was undertaken to compare the difference in the SREBP-2 gene polymorphism and its association with serum lipid levels between the Guangxi Hei Yi Zhuang and Han populations.MethodsGenotyping of the SREBP-2 gene in 768 subjects of Hei Yi Zhuang and 798 participants of Han Chinese aged 15 to 89 was performed by polymerase chain reaction and restriction fragment length polymorphism.ResultsThe frequency of G allele was 88.9% in Hei Yi Zhuang and 84.7% in Han (P < 0.001). The frequencies of GG, GC, and CC genotypes were 78.9%, 20.1%, and 1.0% in Hei Yi Zhuang, and 70.4%, 28.6%, and 1.0% in Han (P < 0.001), respectively. The frequencies of G allele and GG genotype in Han, but not in Hei Yi Zhuang, were higher in males than in females, or in high total cholesterol (TC >5.18 mmol/L) subgroup than in normal TC subgroup (P < 0.01 for all). In high TC subgroup, TC, triglycerides, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and apolipoprotein B levels in Han were lower in GG genotype than in GC/CC genotype (P < 0.05–0.01).ConclusionsThere were significant differences in the genotypic and allelic frequencies of the SREBP-2 gene polymorphism at the 1784G>C locus between the Hei Yi Zhuang and Han populations. The individuals carrying the G allele have more favorable lipid profiles than those carrying the C allele in Han but not in Hei Yi Zhuang.     

Prevalence, awareness, treatment, control and risk factors of hypertension in the Guangxi Hei Yi Zhuang and Han populations.

Han is the largest nationality and Zhuang is the largest minority among the 56 nationalities in China. Geographically and linguistically, Zhuang can be classified into 43 ethnic subgroups, with the Hei Yi Zhuang Chinese, who live in Napo County bordering northeast Vietnam and comprise a population of 51,655, having the most conservative culture and customs (Hei Yi means "black-clothing" and the Hei Yi Zhuang revere and wear the color black). The determinants of hypertension and its risk factors in this population have not been well-defined. To obtain some of this information, a cross-sectional study of hypertension was carried out in 1,166 Hei Yi Zhuang Chinese (aged 7-84; mean, 44.00+/-17.54 years) and 1,018 Han Chinese controls (42.95+/-17.11; range, 6-89 years) in the same area. Information on demographic characteristics, health-related behaviors and lifestyle factors was collected by questionnaire. The overall prevalence rates of hypertension and isolated systolic hypertension in Hei Yi Zhuang were higher than those in Han (23.2% vs. 16.0% and 11.5% vs. 3.7%; p<0.001 for each). The levels of systolic blood pressure and pulse pressure in Hei Yi Zhuang were also higher than those in Han (p<0.001 for each). The prevalence of hypertension was positively correlated with triglycerides, male gender, and age in Hei Yi Zhuang, whereas it was positively correlated with total cholesterol, male gender, age, and alcohol consumption in Han. The rates of awareness, treatment and control in Hei Yi Zhuang were lower than those in Han (8.5% vs. 20.9%, 4.4% vs. 15.3%, and 1.9% vs. 10.4%; p<0.001 for each), which may have been due to unique geographical characteristics, unwholesome lifestyles, greater sodium intake, lower education levels, and genetic risk factors in the former group.     

Association of apolipoprotein A5 gene polymorphisms and serum lipid levels

Background and aims

Apolipoprotein (APO) A5 gene polymorphisms have been associated with increased plasma triglyceride (TG), but the results are inconsistent. The present study was undertaken to detect the APOA5 gene polymorphisms and their associations with lipid profiles in the Guangxi Hei Yi Zhuang and Han populations.

Methods and results

Genotyping of the APOA5 −1131T>C, c.553G>T and c.457G>A was performed in 490 subjects of Hei Yi Zhuang and 540 participants of Han Chinese aged 15-89 years. The −1131C allele frequency was higher in high total cholesterol (TC) than in normal TC subgroups in both the ethnic groups (P < 0.05). The c.553T allele frequency was higher in high TG than in normal TG subgroups (P < 0.01), in high APOB than in normal APOB subgroups in Hei Yi Zhuang (P < 0.05), or in females than in males in Han (P < 0.01). The c.457A allele frequency in Han was higher in high TG than in normal TG subgroups, in low APOA1 than in normal APOA1 subgroups, in males than in females, or in normal APOB than in high APOB subgroups (P < 0.05-0.01). The levels of TC, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol and APOB in Hei Yi Zhuang were correlated with −1131T>C genotype or allele, and the levels of TG were associated with c.553G>T genotype (P < 0.05). The levels of TG, APOA1 and APOB in Han were correlated with c.457G>A genotype or allele, and the levels of TC were associated with −1131T>C allele (P < 0.05).

Conclusions

The differences in the lipid profiles between the two ethnic groups might partly result from different APOA5 gene-environmental interactions.     

Efficacy and safety of statins in hypercholesterolemia with emphasis on lipoproteins

Information of the effect of statin on lipoproteins such as apolipoprotein (apo) A-I, lipoprotein (a) [Lp (a)], or apolipoprotein B levels is limited. This investigation was a crossover study designed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of atorvastatin and simvastatin in patients with hyperlipidemia. Sixty-six patients were involved in the study. Group I consisted of 32 patients, who were first treated with atorvastatin (10 mg) then switched to simvastatin (10 mg). Group II consisted of 34 patients, who were first treated with simvastatin then switched to atorvastatin. Each regimen was used for 3 months (phase I), stopped for 2 months, and then restarted for another 3 months (phase II). Both statins effectively reduced total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), apo B, and Lp (a) (P < 0.001 in all comparisons). A significant increase in the high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) was noted after both statin treatments (P < 0.05 in all comparisons). Both statins caused an increase in the apo A-I levels, and the extent of changes in apo A-I revealed no difference between the two drugs. Compared to the simvastatin group, there were more patients in the atorvastatin group achieving the National Cholesterol Education Program ATP-III LDL-C goal (P < 0.05) and European LDL-C goal (P < 0.001). Both treatments were well tolerated; no patient was withdrawn from the study. This study demonstrates that both statins can effectively improve lipid profiles in patients with hyperlipidemia. Atorvastatin is more effective in helping patients reach the ATP-III and European LDL-C goals than simvastatin at the same dosage.