青年女工心理健康与防御方式、人格特征的相关研究

目的了解应激事件后女工群体的心理健康状况,并探讨其与人格特征、防御方式的关系。方法采用症状自评量表(SCL-90)、艾森克个性问卷(EPQ)、防御方式问卷(DSQ)对32名女工进行评估。结果受试女工的SCL-90各因子分均高于正常青年常模组(P0.01);受试女工在不成熟防御机制使用上,SCL-90高症状组因子均分明显高于低症状组(P0.01),中间防御机制中高症状组因子均分高于低症状组(P0.05);SCL-90各因子评分均与人格特质中神经质及不成熟的防御方式呈正相关;多元逐步分析亦表明,心理健康状况与神经质及不成熟防御机制密切相关。结论社会应激事件后女工的心理健康状况明显下降,受试女工心理健康状况差者,通常采用不成熟防御机制和中间防御机制,其人格特征中低的情绪稳定性、自卑、负性认知及不成熟的应对方式是影响女工心理健康状况的重要因素。     

男性服刑人员的心理状况与人格特征的相关性

目的 探讨济南市监狱男性服刑人员的心理状况及相关影响因素.方法 采用症状自评量表（SCL-90）和艾森克人格问卷（EPQ）对550名监狱男性服刑犯进行调查.结果 研究组SCL-90总分及各因子分均高于全国常模（P＜0.01）;EPQ的精神质、内外向、神经质分量表评分均高于全国常模（P＜0.01）;掩饰性分量表评分低于全国常模（P＜0.01）.研究组SCL-90总分及所有因子分与EPQ分量表精神质（P）维度、神经质（N）维度呈正相关（P＜0.01）;SCL-90总分及除敌对及偏执因子外所有因子分与内外向（E）维度呈负相关（P＜0.05）;SCL-90总分及除躯体化因子外所有因子分与掩饰性（L）维度呈负相关（P＜0.05）.多元线性回归显示婚姻状况、犯罪类型和EPQ的神经质（N）、内外向（E）、精神质（P）进入SCL-90阳性症状的回归方程.结论 服刑人员存在较多的心理健康问题,在人格特征上存在高精神质、高神经质、高外倾性和低掩饰性的特点,其影响因素较多.     

持续性躯体形式疼痛障碍患者的心理状态

目的：探讨持续性躯体形式疼痛与人格及心理因素。方法：对62例持续性躯体形式疼痛障碍患者采用艾森克个性问卷(EPQ)及症状自评量表(SCL-90)测评。结果：和常模比较，EPQ测定大多为内倾不稳定型；SCL-90抑郁、焦虑、躯体化等因子分明显增高。54例(87％)患者存在疑病观念。结论：持续性躯体形式疼痛和人格以及抑郁、焦虑情绪、疑病观念密切相关。     

中学生心理卫生状况调查及相关因素分析

目的：研究中学生心理健康水平及影响因素。方法：以群体分层抽样法，共抽取受试样本2066例。采用症状自评量表（SCL-90）、艾森克个性问卷（EPQ）、青少年心理卫生调查表（自编），对宝鸡市12所中学初一至高三的六个年级的中学生进行问卷调查。结果：表明约9％的中学生有心理健康问题。中学生心理健康问题依次为强迫、人际关系敏感、敌对、偏执、抑郁、焦虑等。偏相关分析发现中学生心理健康水平与神经质、精神质、年级、学习任务、性别等呈正相关。结论：中学生心理健康值得高度重视；神经质与精神质的个性倾向、年级、学习任务等是影响中学生心理健康的重要因素。     

对360名新兵心理健康评估的结果分析

目的为了解新兵的心理健康状况与个性特点。方法采用90项症状清单（SCL-90）、艾森克个性问卷（EPQ）进行测试，所得结果与常模组、老兵组进行对照。结果SCL-90各因子分显著低于常模组及老兵组：EPQ测试结果显示，以情绪稳定，性格外向为主。结论新兵整体心理素质、人格特征良好，情绪稳定。     

Ⅰ类大学新生人格与心理健康的相关分析

目的研究Ⅰ类大学新生的人格特征与心理健康状况的关系。方法在1386名大学新生中采用大学生人格问卷（UPI）筛选出219名Ⅰ类大学新生，分别采用症状自评量表（SCL-90）和卡特尔16种个性因素测验（16PF）进行心理健康和人格的测试。结果卡特尔16种人格特征中的稳定性、有恒性、敢为性、怀疑性、忧虑性、自律性、紧张性与SCL-90中的各因子均有显著相关（P〈0．05）；进一步回归分析发现以上7个因子解释抑郁、焦虑和人际敏感的变异率分别为34．2％、30．8％和37．2％。结论人格是影响Ⅰ类大学新生心理健康的重要因素，人格的培养和完善有利于促进心理健康。     

驻舰艇军人心理状况与人格特征的相关研究

目的:探讨驻舰艇军人心理健康状态及相关因素。方法:采用症状自评量表(SCL-90)、艾森克人格问卷(EPQ)评估海军某水面舰艇200名驻舰航行(长航)前后的心理健康状况。结果:长航前,除人际关系因子外,驻舰军人SCL-90总分及其他因子分均较男性军人常模显著低(P<0.01)。长航后SCL-90总分及各因子分均有所提高,其中总分、躯体化、焦虑、恐惧及精神病性因子分变化有统计学意义(P<0.05或P<0.01)。驻舰军人EPQ各分量表得分与男性常模比较差异均无显著性(P均>0.05)。SCL-90各因子分与EPQ精神质、神经质呈显著正相关(P<0.01),与掩饰性呈显著负相关(P<0.01);而人际关系、抑郁、恐惧因子分与内外向呈负相关(P<0.05或P<0.01)。结论:驻舰军人心理健康水平较好。人格特征与应激状态下心理健康水平关系密切。     

慢性乙肝患者心理状况分析

目的探讨慢性乙肝患的心理健康状况及个性特征，观察心理因素封慢性乙肝患的作用。方法封慢性乙肝患进行SCL-90及EPQ测试。结果除精神病性因子分外，SCL-90其余因子分明D9Q高于对照组，尤其是躯体化、强迫、焦虑、抑郁。自费组患除强迫、敌意外，其余7个因子分明顾高于公费组，EPQ测试中，慢性乙肝患的神经质分明D9Q高于对照组。结论慢性乙肝患存在一系列心理问题．     

出租汽车司机的心理健康状况调查

目的探讨出租汽车司机的心理健康状况及其影响因素。方法采用SCL-90量表、生活事件调查表、应付方式问卷和EPQ个性问卷调查了115名出租汽车司机的心理健康状况及其影响因素。结果有19．1％的出租汽车司机存在明显的心理症状，主要表现为焦虑、抑郁、躯体化和偏执得分显著高于常模，影响出租汽车司机心理健康水平的因素主要有工作压力、身体状况、自责和幻想的消极性应付方式、情绪不稳定的人格特征等。结论不同驾驶工龄的出租汽车司机其心理健康水平有显著差异。     

精神分裂症患者家属心理健康状况与人格特征的调查

目的了解精神分裂症患者家属的心理健康与其人格特征之间的关系,为有心理问题的精神分裂症患者家属进行心理干预提供依据和帮助。方法随机选取了本院病房内符合研究条件的精神分裂症患者家属经知情同意书告知后愿意参加研究的共48例研究对象,采用症状自评量表（SCL-90）、成人艾森克人格问卷（EPQ）等工具对他们进行调查然后将SCL-90测定结果与常模进行比较并与EPQ测定结果进行相关性分析。结果精神分裂症患者家属除人际敏感和敌对因子外其他各因子分均高于全国常模,尤其躯体化、抑郁、焦虑、恐怖因子与全国常模相比具有显著差异（P〈0．05）;家属的心理健康状况与其人格特征有一定相关性。结论精神分裂症患者家属往往表现为易焦虑、抑郁、恐怖和各种躯体化的不适感等,易表现过于强烈的心身反应及表面快乐内心悲哀的矛盾心理,且不善于表达和疏泄自己负性情绪。另发现高情感表达的精神分裂症患者家属中人格外向不稳定者居多。     

Long-term changes in defense styles with psychodynamic psychotherapy for depressive, anxiety, and personality disorders

OBJECTIVE: This study examined 1) whether patients with chronic and recurrent anxiety and depressive disorders and/or personality disorders demonstrate improvement in their defense styles with long-term dynamic psychotherapy and 2) what the relationship is between defense style change and symptomatic change. METHOD: Measures of defense (Defense Style Questionnaire) and symptoms and functioning were administered at regular intervals over the course of 3-5 years to adults who entered a naturalistic study of long-term psychodynamic psychotherapy. With hierarchical linear regression, the relative contributions of change in variables on the Defense Style Questionnaire to change in other outcome variables were calculated. RESULTS: Those with high initial scores on the maladaptive and self-sacrificing defense styles improved, with effect sizes of 0.80 and 0.67, while overall defensive functioning improved, with an effect size of 0.43. The effect size of the change in score on the Global Assessment of Functioning scale was 0.82. Depressed subjects improved their scores significantly on the Hamilton Depression Rating Scale, and there was a significant improvement in distress, as measured by the SCL-90-R. Changes in score on the Defense Style Questionnaire added substantially to the prediction of variance in these three outcomes above their initial levels. A higher level of defensive functioning also predicted a better self-reported therapeutic alliance. CONCLUSIONS: Defense styles became more adaptive and symptoms improved over time in patients who started with scores in the clinical range. Change in defense style predicts symptomatic change, but causation has not been established.     

Life events and increase in immature defense style during transition to adulthood

People use psychological defenses to prevent anxiety from forcing its way to consciousness. In normal maturation, the previously developmentally immature defenses tend to decrease. Increase in immature defense style has been found to predict mental disturbance among young adults, but the association of life events with this increase is unknown. We investigated whether increase in immature defenses in transition to young adulthood would associate with life events occurring during that time period. The subjects comprised 636 high school adolescents:young adults (408 females, 228 males), who completed questionnaires in 1990 and 1995. Subjects (27% of females and 21% of males) reporting increase in immature defense style as assessed with the Defense Style Questionnaire were compared with the other subjects in terms of life events. No associations were found, except the marginal association of serious illness of a close person among females. Among these high school students the development of immature defense style tended to be independent of life events during transition to adulthood.     

临床医学生睡眠质量及其影响因素的分析

目的　探讨临床医学生睡眠质量现状及其与心理健康状况、生活事件、应对方式和个性等因素的相互关系。方法　采用匹兹堡睡眠质量指数 (PSQI)、症状自评量表 (SCL 90 )、青少年生活事件量表、应对方式问卷及艾森克个性问卷 ,对中山大学 4 5 0名一、三、五年级的临床医学生进行测查。结果　睡眠问题检出率 17 8% ,三年级睡眠质量较差 ,生活事件应激值、应对方式 ,N、E量表分、SCL 90总均分与睡眠质量呈显著相关 ,各因子间也存在一些显著性相关 ,多元回归分析提示 :学习压力、N分、SCL 90总均分和积极应对分对睡眠质量有显著预测作用。结论　就临床医学生睡眠质量而言 ,生活事件、个性、心理健康状况和应对方式对其既有直接影响又存在交互作用。     

焦虑症患者防御方式与生活质量特征的调查分析

目的探讨焦虑症患者防御方式及生活质量特征。方法分别运用防御方式问卷(QSD)和健康调查问卷(SF-36)对20例焦虑症患者和18例正常对照进行防御机制评定和生活质量调查。结果(1)焦虑症患者较多使用幻想、升华、制止、交往倾向等防御机制。(2)对照组SF-36因子分一般健康(GH)、精力(VT)、社会功能(SF)、情感职能(RE)、精神健康(MH)显著高于焦虑症患者(P<0.01)。(3)焦虑症患者精力(VT)、情感职能(RE)与不成熟防御机制有密切关系。结论焦虑症患者较多使用不成熟的、中间型的防御机制,并影响其生活质量、心理健康。     

慢性精神分裂症患者家属心理健康状况性别差异调查

目的分析慢性精神分裂症患者家属心理健康状况的性别差异及相关原因。方法采用症状自评量表（SCL-90）、简易应对方式问卷及社会支持评定量表,对110名慢性精神分裂症患者家属进行调查分析。结果慢性精神分裂症患者不同性别组家属的SCL-90、社会支持评定量表、简易应对方式问卷评分差异具有统计学显著意义（P〈O．01）,社会支持评分、应对方式评分与SCL-90评分间存在相关,相关具有统计学意义（P〈O．01）。结论慢性精神分裂症患者家属心理健康状况存在性别差异,女性家属的心理问题较男性家属严重,心理健康状况与个体应对方式及社会支持度相关。     

Brief report: The defense mechanisms of homophobic adolescent males: A descriptive discriminant analysis

The study examined the role of defense mechanisms in homophobic attitudes of older male adolescents aged 17-18 years. A cross-sectional survey collected data from final year high school students (N=86) attending an all male school in a regional centre in Victoria, Australia. The school was identified by teachers as having a problematic culture of homophobic intolerance. Participants were divided into homophobic and non-homophobic groups based on their scores on the Homophobia Scale Questionnaire. Discriminant analysis was conducted to identify the predictors that would best categorise students into those two groups on the basis of defense styles derived from the Defense Style Questionnaire-40 (DSQ-40). The strongest predictors of homophobia amongst defense styles were idealisation, denial, somatisation and devaluation accounting for 18.31%, 17.64%, 13.10% and 11.35% of the variance, respectively. Results generally supported the larger contribution of more immature defenses to higher levels of homophobia.     

胜利油田中学生心理健康状况调查

目的　调查研究胜利油田中学生心理健康状况特点。方法　应用SCL 90作为评定工具抽样调查了 2 2 2名胜利油田中学生。结果　油田中学生敌对、恐怖、偏执、精神病性因子分显著高于全国青年组常模 ,轻度适应不良反应检出率为男 6 5 .14 % ,女 5 3.10 % ;心理障碍检出率男 2 9.36 % ,女 2 5 .6 6 %。SCL 90抑郁因子分女生显著大于男生 ,未发现SCL 90因子分存在年级间差异。结论　胜利油田中学生心理健康状况较差。     

Defense styles explain psychiatric symptoms: an empirical study

To examine the relation between psychiatric symptoms and defense mechanisms, we administered two questionnaires, the Symptom Check-list 90 (SCL-90) and the Defense Style Questionnaire (DSQ) to 122 psychiatric out-patients and to a community sample of 337 subjects. Using regression analysis, we found that 51.8% of the variation in subject's Global Severity Index value could be explained by his defense style. Of the three defense styles, the immature style explained most of the variation in the symptoms. We found little overall evidence for specific connections between particular defenses and symptoms. Projection and dissociation were central in most of the symptom dimensions. We compared patients and controls with the same level of general symptom severity and found that patients used significantly more devaluation and splitting, and controls used significantly more altruism and idealization. Whether defenses predispose to certain symptomatology or are one of its aspects is discussed.