复方扶芳藤合剂对离体蛙心和麻醉小鼠ECG的影响

目的研究复方扶芳藤合剂(FFH)在心血管系统(HBC)中的药效学;研究FFH对离体蛙心的心肌收缩力、心率和麻醉小鼠ECG的影响;研究FFH对小鼠的镇静催眠作用.方法用斯氏法制备离体蛙心,观察FFH对离体蛙心收缩力、心率的影响;测定FFH对麻醉小鼠ECG的影响,用光电管法观察FFH对小鼠的镇静作用.结果FFH对离体蛙心具有负性肌力作用;对麻醉小鼠ECG结果显示P-P间隙延长,提示可使减慢心率;FFH7.5g/kg对小鼠有镇静作用,有协同异戊巴比妥钠催眠作用的趋势.结论FFH对离体蛙心和麻醉小鼠具有减慢心率作用,对小鼠具有镇催眠作用.提示复方扶芳藤合剂对高血压临床症状有一定改善作用.     

胆南星不同炮制品的药效和毒性实验研究

以对戊巴比妥钠催眠作用影响为指标,比较研究不同胆南星炮制品的混悬液、水浸液、醇提物对昆明种小鼠的中枢系统抑制作用。同时对两种制品进行了急性毒副作用实验观察。结果:两种制品均未见毒副反应;两种制品的水浸液腹腔给药,均可增强戊巴比妥钠催眠作用;混合蒸制法醇提物腹腔给药较发酵法醇提物有明显的增强作用。     

安神健脑灵对中枢神经的抑制作用

安神健脑灵胶囊对小鼠自主活动有明显抑制作用;与戊巴比妥钠、水合氯醛合并应用,可明显增强这些药物的催眠作用;与氯丙嗪合并应用时,可增强中枢抑制作用。本品能明显延长小鼠戊四氮、士的宁、安钠咖惊厥的潜伏期,同时还能明显降低电诱发惊厥的发生率。此外,本品尚有较明显的镇痛作用,同时能增强小鼠学习记忆能力并能降低正常大鼠和人工发热大鼠的体温。     

茉莉花根提取液对小鼠中枢神经的抑制作用

目的观察茉莉花根提取液(茉根液)对小鼠中枢神经系统的影响,并探讨其作用机制。方法随机分组观察小鼠灌服茉根液后的活动次数,不同时间入睡数以及与戊巴比妥钠的协同作用。结果茉根液可抑制苯丙胺引起的运动性兴奋,对小鼠的中枢神经系统亦有抑制作用,并可达到催眠的功效,茉根液与戊巴比妥钠合用可增强其作用。结论茉根液是一种中枢神经系统抑制剂,具有镇静催眠的作用。     

戒毒一号对小鼠镇静催眠作用的实验研究

目的:观察戒毒一号对C57BL/6小鼠的镇静催眠作用,为该药镇静催眠的临床研究提供实验依据。方法:连续15 d灌胃不同剂量的戒毒一号(14.12、56.48 g/kg),以生理盐水组为空白对照,艾司唑仑组为阳性对照。采用小鼠自主活动实验,观察戒毒一号对小鼠自发活动的中枢镇静作用;采用小鼠直接睡眠实验和协同阈上、阈下剂量戊巴比妥钠的睡眠实验,观察戒毒一号催眠作用。结果:高剂量戒毒一号可显著抑制小鼠自主活动(P0.01),且没有直接睡眠作用(P0.05),能够明显增加阈下剂量戊巴比妥钠诱导小鼠的入睡数及提高入睡率(P0.01),对阈上剂量戊巴比妥钠诱导小鼠的睡眠潜伏期及睡眠时间有协同的趋势,但差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。结论:戒毒一号有一定的镇静催眠作用,且随剂量的升高其镇静和催眠作用均有增强趋势。     

生酸枣仁及其炮制品镇静催眠作用及对失眠大鼠脑电图的影响

目的:观察生酸枣仁及其炮制品炒酸枣仁对小鼠的镇静催眠作用及对失眠大鼠脑电图、下丘脑一氧化氮含量、一氧化氮合酶活性的影响。方法:通过观察生酸枣仁及炒酸枣对戊巴比妥钠催眠小鼠睡眠潜伏期及睡眠时间的影响,研究其对小鼠的镇静催眠作用。通过观察生酸枣仁及炒酸枣对失眠大鼠脑电图的影响,研究其对失眠大鼠的治疗作用;通过测定下丘脑一氧化氮含量及一氧化氮合酶活性,探讨其可能的作用机理。结果:5.46g/kg生酸枣仁及2.73g/kg炒酸枣仁具有缩短戊巴比妥钠小鼠睡眠潜伏期及延长戊巴比妥钠睡眠时间的作用,其作用随服用剂量的增加而增强。同剂量炒酸枣仁的作用有优于生酸枣仁的趋势,说明生酸枣仁通过炒制后,其镇静、催眠作用增强。与模型组比较,7.80g/kg生酸枣仁及1.95g/kg炒酸枣仁能使大鼠脑电图觉醒期显著缩短,慢波睡眠期显著延长;大鼠下丘脑一氧化氮(NO)含量显著提高,一氧化氮合酶(NOS)活性显著增强;其作用随服用剂量的增加而增强。同剂量炒酸枣仁的作用有优于生酸枣仁的趋势,说明生酸枣仁通过炒制后,其作用有所增强。结论:生酸枣仁及炒酸枣仁能缩短小鼠戊巴比妥钠睡眠潜伏期及延长戊巴比妥钠睡眠时间,具有镇静催眠作用。生酸枣仁及炒酸枣仁能缩短失眠大鼠觉醒期时间,延长大鼠慢波睡眠期时间,具有治疗失眠大鼠的作用。其作用机理可能与增加下丘脑一氧化氮(NO)含量及提高一氧化氮合酶(NOS)活性有关。     

山麦冬总皂甙对中枢神经系统的抑制作用

山麦冬总皂甙600mg/kg ip明显降低小鼠自发活动数,并可显著对抗苯甲酸钠咖啡因所致的运动性兴奋。450mg,600mg及900mg/kg分别可加强戊巴比妥钠的催眠作用、增强氯丙嗪的中枢抑制作用及哌替啶的镇痛作用,但本品无明显的催眠作用及抗惊厥作用。     

天麻成分D的急性毒性实验及对小鼠睡眠影响的研究

目的:了解天麻成分D灌胃给药的急性毒性,为其进行一步研究提供依据;观察天麻成分D对戊巴比妥钠致小鼠催眠作用的影响。方法:选择SPF级昆明种小鼠为受试对象,采用急性经口毒性试验测定半数致死量(LD50)和最大耐受量(MTD);采用对阈上剂量和阈下剂量戊巴比妥钠所致催眠作用的影响试验来评价药物对中枢神经系统的作用。结果:天麻成分D小鼠ig给药的LD50为1.2069g/kg体重,LD5为0.93464g/kg,MTD为0.8717g/kg;天麻成分D小鼠ig给药,单独使用并不能引起小鼠睡眠,但可以使戊巴比妥钠ip引起的小鼠睡眠作用增强,睡眠潜伏期缩短,睡眠持续时间延长。结论:天麻成分D小鼠ig给药有一定毒性,LD50为1.2069g/kg体重;天麻成分D小鼠ig给药对中枢神经系统可能有一定的抑制作用,不能直接引起小鼠睡眠,但可增强戊巴比妥钠对小鼠的催眠作用。     

暗示对针麻效果影响的观察

<正> 针刺麻醉的大量临床实践和实验研究已经证明,针刺具有调整和镇痛作用。可作为麻醉的手段之一。但心理因素,如其中的暗示作用,在针麻中有何意义,还存在不同看法。国外有人认为,针麻就是一种催眠暗示性的麻醉,多数人意见相反,有人进而用实验证明其机理是不同的。我国于1973年即有工作看到,暗示感受性高的人     

花生枝叶制剂的镇静催眠作用研究

花生枝叶提取物B对小鼠的自发活动具有非常明显的抑制作用 ;据此生产的“891”安神Ⅰ号亦有非常显著的镇静作用。在生产过程中得到的提取物H也表现出较强作用 ,与提取物B合用能增强对小鼠自发活动的抑制作用 ;按此生产的“891”安神合剂Ⅱ号与戊巴比妥钠有较好的催眠协同作用 ,可延长小鼠睡眠时间 ,提高小鼠的入睡率。提示“891”安神系列具有非常显著的镇静催眠作用。     

Effects of an aqueous extract of Terminalia arjuna on isolated rat atria and thoracic aorta

Terminalia arjuna (Combretaceae) is used traditionally in ayurveda, to treat a variety of cardiovascular disorders. The aims of this study were to characterize the positive inotropic effect of the aqueous extract of T. arjuna bark in isolated paced rat left atria and to study its effects on a vascular smooth muscle preparation, the rat thoracic aorta. The crude and semipurified aqueous extracts produced a positive inotropic effect of rat atria and the maximum contraction was comparable to that produced by isoprenaline. The positive inotropic effect of the extract was completely blocked by a β-adrenoceptor blocker, propranolol, and an uptake-1 blocker, cocaine. In precontracted aorta, the aqueous extract produced a contraction followed by relaxation. Propranolol did not block the relaxant effect of the aqueous extract. It is concluded that the positive inotropic effect of the aqueous extract was mediated via an action on β₁-adrenoceptors and was likely to be due to the release of noradrenaline from the sympathetic nerve endings. The vasorelaxant effect of the extract, however, was not mediated via an action on β₂ adrenoceptor.     

Antihyperglycaemic effect of Mangifera indica in rat.

The leaves of Mangifera indica are used as an antidiabetic agent in Nigerian folk medicine. To determine whether or not there is a scientific basis for this use, the effect of the aqueous extract of the leaves on blood glucose level was assessed in normoglycaemic, glucose - induced hyperglycaemic and streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic rats. The aqueous extract given orally (1 g/kg) did not alter the blood glucose levels in either normoglycaemic or STZ-induced diabetic rats. In glucose - induced hyperglycaemia, however, antidiabetic activity was seen when the extract and glucose were administered simultaneously and also when the extract was given to the rats 60 min before the glucose. The hypoglycaemic effect of the aqueous extract was compared with that of an oral dose of chlorpropamide (200 mg/kg) under the same conditions. The results of this study indicate that the aqueous extract of the leaves of Mangifera indica possess hypoglycaemic activity. This action may be due to an intestinal reduction of the absorption of glucose. However, other different mechanisms of action cannot be excluded.     

Effect of freeze dried extract of Olea europaea on the pituitary-thyroid axis in rats

The effect of an aqueous extract of olive (Olea europaea) leaf on the thyroid activity was studied. The results suggest a stimulatory action of the extract on the thyroid, unrelated to the pituitary.     

Hypoglycemic effect of Suaeda fruticosa in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats

The purpose of this study was to examine the hypoglycemic activity of the aqueous extract of the aerial part of Suaeda fruticosa (SF) in normal and streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. The aqueous extract was administered intravenously (i.v.) and the blood glucose changes were determined within 4 h after starting the treatment. Plasma insulin, cholesterol and triglycerides levels were also determined. The aqueous extract at a dose of 192 mg/kg produced a significant decrease in blood glucose levels in normal rats (P < 0.05), and even more in diabetic rats (P < 0.001). This hypoglycemic effect might be due to an extra-pancreatic action of the aqueous extract of SF, since that the levels of plasma insulin were unchanged between the values before and after treatment. In the other hand, the effect of the aqueous extract on the plasma cholesterol were also significant in both normal and diabetic rats (P < 0.05). But, there is no significant effect of SF on plasma triglycerides in both groups. In order to characterize the active principle(s), which could be responsible for the therapeutic effect, preliminary phytochemical analysis of the aqueous extract of the plant has been investigated.     

淫羊藿提取物对犬血流动力学的影响

目的：观察淫羊藿提取物对麻醉犬血流动力学的影响。方法：采用麻醉犬在体心脏实验法。观察淫羊藿提取物对犬血流动力学参数的影响。结果：淫羊藿提取物能降低麻醉犬总外周血管阻力和左室舒张末期压，增加冠状动脉血流量、心输出量、每搏输出量、心肌收缩参数、心肌舒张参数、心指数、心搏指数。结论：淫羊藿提取物能改善麻醉犬血流动力学。     

Vasodilating properties of extracts from the leaves of Musanga cecropioides (R. Brown)

The mechanisms of action involved in the hypotensive properties of the aqueous extract of the leaves of Musanga cecropioides were investigated. The effect of the aqueous leaf extract of M. cecropioides, found to contain mostly saponins, flavonoids and procyanidins, was investigated on vascular smooth muscle and also in an in vivo direct invasive blood pressure study in both normotensive and hypertensive rats. The hypotensive or antihypertensive properties of the extracts appear to be due partly to a direct or indirect vasodilator effect and also to some alpha(1)- and beta(2)-adrenergic blocking effects. The extract also exhibited significant endothelium-dependent vascular smooth muscle relaxation, accounted for by the release of nitric oxide (NO), and induced significant angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitory effects thereby supporting its vasodilator mechanism of action.     

青木香炮制前后的药效及毒理学比较研究

目的：研究青木香炮制前后水提物对大鼠的蓄积性毒性作用,及水提物、醇提物的药效学作用。方法：采用小鼠急性毒性和大鼠蓄积性毒性方法观察青木香炮制前后对小鼠急性毒性LD₅₀和对大鼠的慢性蓄积性毒性作用；观察了青木香炮制前后的水煎剂和醇提物对正常和新斯的明诱导的胃肠运动机能亢进小鼠肠肌运动的影响；并观察了对小鼠的镇痛和抗炎作用。结果：生品和炮制品水提物灌胃给药的LD₅₀分别为生药146.45,846.06 g·kg_-1；生品及其炮制品水提物高、中、低3个剂量组,连续给药1个月对大鼠的一般状况和外周血常规和血清生化、脏器系数和病理组织学检查均未见明显改变。连续给药2个月,可见生品的高剂量组的血清生化指标的尿素氮、总胆固醇和碱性磷酸酶明显升高,组织形态学检查部分动物的肝细胞、肾小管和胃黏膜均产生程度不同的损伤。连续给药3个月,生品的中、高剂量组和炮制品的大剂量组均出现了上述脏器程度不同的损伤,可见血清生化指标的肌酐、尿素氮明显升高,肝、肾、胃脏器系数明显增加。但等量的炮制品水提物的毒性明显低于生品；生品和炮制品的水提物、醇提物对正常和新斯的明诱导的小鼠胃肠运动机能亢进均呈现出明显的抑制作用；在小鼠的扭体和热刺激模型上显示出明显的镇痛作用；对二甲苯诱导的小鼠耳廓炎症有显著的抑制作用,在剂量相同的条件下生品、炮制品的药效学作用无明显差异。结论：青木香炮制后急性毒性和慢性蓄积性毒性明显降低,炮制后药效学作用强度不低于生品；水提物药效学作用不及相应剂量的醇提物。     

In vivo hypotensive activity of Pistacia lentiscus L

The present studies were undertaken to explain the mechanism of action of the hypothesive effect of Pistacia lentiscus L. aqueous extract. The potassium, calcium and magnesium content of the aqueous extract was determined and synthetic mixtures of salts evaluated in rats. The urinary excretion volume and the sodium and potassium concentrations in urine were also determined. In an effort to explain the effects of the extract, in vivo pharmacological experiments were conducted.     

Phlorizin-like effect of Fraxinus excelsior in normal and diabetic rats

The purpose of this study was to determine the underlying mechanism of the hypoglycaemic activity of the aqueous extract perfusion of Fraxinus excelsior L. (FE) in normal and streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. The aqueous extract was administered intravenously and the blood glucose changes were determined within four hours after starting the treatment. Plasma insulin concentrations and glycosuria were determined. The aqueous extract at a dose of 10 mg/kg/h produced a significant decrease in blood glucose levels in normal rats (P < 0.001) and even more in diabetic rats (P < 0.001). This hypoglycaemic effect might be due to an extra-pancreatic action of the aqueous extract of FE, since the basal plasma insulin concentrations were unchanged after FE treatment. A potent increase of glycosuria was observed both in normal and diabetic rats (P < 0.001). We conclude that aqueous extract perfusion of FE caused a potent inhibition of renal glucose reabsorption. This renal effect might be at least one mechanism explaining the observed hypoglycaemic activity of this plant in normal and diabetic rats.     

Evaluation of the oral hypoglycaemic effect of Trigonella foenum-graecum L. (methi) in normal mice

Trigonella foenum-graecum (Fenugreek) (Leguminosae) is employed as a herbal medicine. Its seeds are known for their carminative, tonic and antidiabetic effects. A curative dose of Trigonella foenum-graecum also produces antiulcer action. In this study we have investigated the hypoglycaemic activities of the aqueous extract of the seeds Trigonella foenum-graecum in normal mice using oral route of adminstration. The methanolic extract administered through the same route produced hypoglycaemic effect only at the dose of 1 g/kg body weight. The aqueous extract is under further investigation to determine the chemical structure of the active component. The presence of hypoglycaemic activity in aqueous and methanolic extract indicates that the active compounds are polar in nature.