高压氧对模拟高原急性缺氧条件下脓毒症大鼠肝损伤的保护作用

目的观察高压氧(HBO)对模拟高原急性缺氧条件下脓毒症(SEP)大鼠肝损伤的保护作用。方法 56只雄性SD大鼠,随机选取40只,于低压氧舱中模拟海拔5000m高原环境3d,建立急性缺氧模型,随机分为:高原对照组,高原SEP组,高原SEP+HBO组,高原SEP+头孢吡肟(CEF)组,高原SEP+HBO+CEF组,每组8只。除高原对照组行假手术处理外,其余各高原组均行盲肠结扎穿孔术(CLP)建立SEP大鼠模型,CLP后分别行HBO(2个绝对大气压)或(和)CEF(50mg/kg,腹腔注射)处理。剩余16只大鼠,在平原条件下随机分为平原对照组和平原SEP组,每组8只。各组均在建模24h后径心脏取血后处死,分别取肝组织测定丙二醛(MDA)含量和超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性并检测血清中丙氨酸氨基转移酶(ALT)、天冬氨酸氨基转移酶(AST)水平,光镜下观察肝脏组织学变化。结果与平原对照组(ALT 57.0±6.7U/L,AST 194.6±8.0U/L,MDA 0.95±0.13nmol/mg prot,SOD 74.1±7.8U/mg prot)比较,高原对照组(ALT 76.5±12.2U/L,AST 204.4±11.5U/L,MDA 1.18±0.11nmol/mg prot,SOD 59.5±6.6U/mg prot)的ALT、MDA含量明显升高(P<0.05)。与平原SEP组(ALT 103.6±5.8U/L,AST 218.6±11.0U/L,MDA 1.38±0.14nmol/mgprot,SOD 55.5±6.4U/mg prot)比较,高原SEP组(ALT 142.8±7.2U/L,AST 307.5±11.3U/L,MDA 1.75±0.21nmol/mg prot,SOD 44.5±4.4U/mg prot)的ALT、AST水平及MDA含量均明显升高,SOD活性明显降低(P<0.05);与高原SEP组比较,高原SEP+HBO+CEF组(ALT 81.1±14.2U/L,AST 214.2±16.3U/L,MDA 1.23±0.13nmol/mg prot,SOD 72.4±5.7U/mg prot)中ALT、AST、MDA含量升高,SOD活性下降明显(P<0.05),但高原SEP+HBO组与高原SEP组之间无显著性差异。HE染色观察,各SEP组均可见肝细胞浊肿变性,部分呈空泡样变,伴大量炎性细胞浸润,以高原SEP组肝细胞变性及炎细胞浸润最为明显;各处理组中,高原SEP+HBO组与高原SEP组相比,肝细胞变性及炎细胞浸润改变不明显,高原SEP+CEF+HBO组肝细胞浊肿及炎性细胞浸润减轻最为明显。结论在模拟高原急性缺氧条件下,可加重SEP大鼠的肝损伤;HBO能改善缺氧条件下SEP大鼠的氧化应激损伤,减轻其肝组织的炎症损伤。     

舒肝安乐宁浸膏对肝纤维化大鼠肝脏组织的影响

目的研究舒肝安乐宁浸膏对实验性肝纤维化大鼠肝脏组织的影响,探讨其抗肝纤维化作用机理,为开发中药新药提供实验依据。方法皮下注射CCl4花生油溶液建立大鼠肝纤维化模型,以秋水仙碱为阳性对照,测定肝组织Hyp、MDA的含量和SOD、GSH—Px的活力,病理观察HE和Masson染色后的组织形态以及肝纤维化病变程度。结果舒肝安乐宁能明显降低肝组织中Hyp、MDA的含量,同时升高肝组织中SOD、GSH—Px的活力;病理组织形态学检查表明,舒肝安乐宁能明显减轻大鼠肝纤维化病变程度。结论舒肝安乐宁对CCl4造成的实验性肝纤维化大鼠具有一定的抗过氧化脂质、抗肝纤维化作用,以舒肝安乐宁高剂量组效果为佳。     

一次力竭运动前补充L-赖氨酸对大鼠肝脏SOD、MDA和细胞凋亡的影响

目的:探讨补充赖氨酸对一次力竭运动大鼠肝脏SOD、MDA和细胞凋亡的影响。方法:将24只SD大鼠随机分成3组:安静对照组、运动组和运动 给药组。运动大鼠均采用Bedford所建立的运动负荷模型进行一次力竭运动;给药组大鼠力竭运动前灌胃L-赖氨酸0.1ml/10g体重。力竭运动后即刻取材,用TUNEL法检测肝细胞凋亡,比色法检测肝组织SOD活性和MDA含量。结果:运动组和运动 给药组大鼠力竭时间分别为210.36±37.67min和259.19±38.61min,具有显著性差异(P<0.05);运动组和运动 给药组肝细胞凋亡指数均显著高于安静对照组(P<0.01,P<0.05),但运动 给药组显著低于运动组(P<0.05);运动组和运动 给药组大鼠肝脏MDA含量显著高于安静对照组(P<0.05),运动 给药组显著低于运动组(P<0.05);运动组和运动 给药组大鼠肝脏SOD活力显著低于安静对照组(P<0.05),运动 给药组显著高于运动组(P<0.05)。结论:一次力竭运动可导致大鼠肝组织损伤,诱导肝细胞凋亡;L-赖氨酸对急性力竭运动大鼠肝组织有保护作用。     

酚妥拉明和地塞米松对吸入性损伤大鼠肝脏损伤的保护作用及机理

目的　观察酚妥拉明和地塞米松对重度吸入性损伤大鼠肝脏损害的保护作用及机制。方法　将 72只大鼠随机分为A、B、C 3组。对照组 (C组 )腹腔注射生理盐水 ,A组腹腔注射酚妥拉明 ,B组腹腔注射地塞米松。另取 6只非致伤大鼠做伤前值测定 ,再取 6只致伤大鼠 ,伤后 30分钟做伤后值测定。结果　C组谷丙转氨酶 (GPT)、总胆红素 (TBIL)、丙二醛 (MDA)、MDA/超氧化物歧化酶 (SOD)及组织含水量 (WCT)均明显增高 ,组织中一氧化氮 (NO)水平较伤前值变化不大 ,SOD、ATP水平降低。A组和B组中TBIL、GPT、MDA、MDA/SOD、NO明显低于C组 (P <0 .0 1 ) ,A组ATP和SOD明显高于C组 (P <0 .0 1 ) ;B组SOD高于C组 (P<0 .0 1 ) ,B组的ATP则与C组差别不显著 (P >0 .0 5 ) ,B组肝组织含水量低于对照组 (P <0 .0 1 )。结论　酚妥拉明与地塞米松均可能通过调节机体的NO水平进而提高机体抗氧化能力和能量代谢 ,从而对重度吸入性损伤后大鼠的肝脏起保护作用。在改善能量供应和降低MDA方面酚妥拉明效果优于地塞米松     

腺苷A1受体拮抗剂DPCPX对脑神经元低氧复氧损伤的影响

目的观察腺苷A1受体拮抗剂DPCPX对脑神经元低氧复氧(H/R)损伤的影响及其机制。方法通过建立体外培养大鼠大脑皮质神经元H/R损伤模型,观察终浓度分别为0(对照组)、25、50、100nmol/L的DPCPX对常氧(低氧0h)和低氧暴露8、12、24h后复氧24h的H/R神经元乳酸脱氢酶(LDH)释放量的影响,并检测了100nmol/LDPCPX对低氧暴露12h的H/R神经元丙二醛(MDA)含量及黄嘌呤氧化酶(XO)、Ca2 -ATP酶活性的影响。结果与对照组比较,100nmol/LDPCPX显著增加低氧暴露12h的H/R神经元LDH释放量(P<0·05),明显升高其MDA含量(P<0·01)和XO活性(P<0·05),明显降低其Ca2 -ATP酶活性(P<0·05)。结论DPCPX可加重培养神经元H/R损伤,其机制可能包括降低神经元抗氧化能力及Ca2 -ATP酶活性。     

肝脏原位注射新生大鼠肝细胞构建的工程化肝组织对大鼠肝纤维化的影响

目的观察原位注射新生大鼠肝细胞构建的工程化肝组织对实验性肝纤维化大鼠血清和肝组织学的影响,探讨其抗肝纤维化的作用。方法用四氯化碳制成实验性肝纤维化造模大鼠,肝脏原位多点注射工程化肝组织,3周后测定血清肝功能并行肝组织学检查。结果原位注射组大鼠肝功能较单纯假手术组大鼠有改善,且具有显著差异（P〈0．05）,HE染色提示纤维化明显改善。结论肝脏原位多点注射新生大鼠肝细胞的工程化肝组织能改善大鼠肝纤维化进程,有一定抗肝纤维化作用。     

二咖啡酰奎宁酸抗肝纤维化及脂质过氧化作用的实验研究

目的 :观察二咖啡酰奎宁酸抗复合因素致大鼠肝纤维化及脂质过氧化作用。方法 :采用复合因素复制大鼠肝纤维化模型 ,以血清层连蛋白 (LN)、透明质酸 (HA)、丙二醛 (MDA)、一氧化氮 (NO)含量、肝组织光镜、电镜下形态学改变为观察内容 ,探讨二咖啡酰奎宁酸的治疗作用。结果 :二咖啡酰奎宁酸能够显著降低血清LN ,HA ,MDA ,NO含量 ,明显改善肝组织炎症及纤维化状态。结论 :二咖啡酰奎宁酸具有一定的抗肝纤维化及脂质过氧化作用     

高铁负荷对化学性肝损伤大鼠Bcl-2/Bax基因表达的影响

目的　研究高铁负荷对化学性肝损伤大鼠Bcl 2 /Bax基因表达的影响。方法　复制大鼠高铁负荷模型 ,以四氯化碳 (CCl4)攻击复制肝损伤模型。观察各实验组和对照组的血清铁 (SI)、肝组织铁 (HIC)及丙二醛 (MDA)含量变化 ,流式细胞仪检测肝细胞DNA含量、Bcl 2和Bax表达量 ,计算凋亡指数 (ApoptoticIndex ,AI)和增殖指数 (ProliferationIndex ,PI)。结果　高铁组大鼠SI,HIC及MDA含量增加 ,AI升高 ,PI无明显变化。CCl4+高铁组与高铁组相比 ,MDA ,AI及Bax均有显著增加。结论　铁可以诱导肝细胞凋亡 ,其机制可能为 :上调促凋亡基因Bax水平 ,催化脂质过氧化反应 ,促进氧自由基的产生 ,从而引起肝细胞凋亡 ,并且 ,铁与CCl4在促进肝细胞凋亡上有协同作用。     

模拟运动病大鼠海马组织中一氧化氮、超氧化物歧化酶和丙二醛含量的变化

目的　探讨一氧化氮 (NO)、超氧化物歧化酶 (SOD)和丙二醛 (MDA)在晕船时大鼠海马组织中的含量变化。方法　雄性 SD大鼠 2 3只 ,体重 (2 0 0± 10 ) g,按完全随机方法分为运动病组 (MSG,n= 12 )和正常对照组 (NCG,n=11)。MSG大鼠给予正负交变加速度旋转刺激 2 h/ d,连续 4 d后与 NCG大鼠一起处死 ;NCG大鼠不给予旋转刺激。对两组大鼠海马组织中的 NO、SOD和 MDA含量进行检测。结果　旋转刺激能显著升高海马组织中的 NO与 MDA含量 (P<0 .0 5 ) ,并显著降低 SOD酶活力 (P<0 .0 1)。 MSG与 NCG:NO分别为 (76 .5± 2 1.6 )、(41.2± 9.1)μm ol/ g;SOD分别为 (48.3± 8.1)、(110 .9± 2 2 .1) NU/ mg;MDA分别为 (2 3.8± 5 .0 )、(11.4± 3.4 ) nm ol/ mg。结论　晕船大鼠 NO与 MDA含量升高 ,SOD酶活力降低 ,可能与晕船时脑血管紧张度增高 ,脑血流减少 ,致海马组织局部缺血缺氧 ,氧自由基增多有关。     

替米沙坦对糖尿病大鼠心肌线粒体膜电位及心肌细胞凋亡的作用

目的 探讨替米沙坦对1型糖尿病大鼠氧化应激水平的影响.方法 成年雄性Wistar大鼠一次性腹腔注射链脲佐菌素(STZ)建立1型糖尿病大鼠模型.16只成模大鼠随机分为糖尿病(DM)组和替米沙坦(T)组,每组8只;另选健康大鼠8只作为正常对照(Con)组.12周后测量大鼠体重(BW)和心脏重量(HW),计算HW/BW;可见分光光度计分别测定血清还原型谷胱甘肽(GSH)、丙二醛(MDA)含量及超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活力;透射电镜观察心肌细胞超微结构.结果 STZ注射后7d及12周DM组与T组大鼠血糖差异均无统计学意义,但均显著高于Con组(P<0.01).12周时,与Con组比较,DM组血清SOD活力降低,MDA含量增高,GSH含量下降(P<0.01),T组血清SOD活力降低(P<0.01),MDA含量增高(P<0.05),而GSH含量无明显改变(P>0.05).12周时,与DM组比较,T组血清SOD活力升高,MDA含量降低,GSH含量升高(P<0.01).Con组心肌纤维排列整齐,线粒体呈圆形或椭圆形,结构清晰,线粒体膜完整,嵴排列整齐,未见肿胀及空泡变性.DM组心肌细胞线粒体肿胀,线粒体膜模糊、增厚,嵴不规则或断裂、溶解,可见线粒体空泡变性.T组心肌细胞超微结构损伤较DM组明显减轻.结论 替米沙坦可抑制1型糖尿病大鼠的氧化应激水平,对糖尿病大鼠心肌发挥保护作用.     

Non-intentional motor vehicle-related carbon monoxide deaths-revisited

Summary A study of non-intentional, motor vehicle-related, carbon monoxide-related deaths was performed on the case files of the Office of the Medical Examiner of Metropolitan Dade Country in Miami, FL (USA) during the years 1980–1984. A total of 15 cases were collected during that time period. These are presented in some detail. A discussion ensues that compares the similar circumstances of these cases, notably running the engine of an automobile in an enclosed space, with older reports in the literature which emphasized defective vehicle exhaust systems as the leading etiology for these deaths.     

Venography with carbon dioxide as a contrast agent

Purpose The purpose of this study was to evaluate the feasibility, safety, and potential role of carbon dioxide (CO₂) as a contrast agent for venography.Methods Consecutive patients with contraindications to iodinated contrast agents or with unsatisfactory iodinated contrast studies underwent CO₂ digital subtraction venography. The images were rated by three experienced angiographers. Image quality and complications were assessed.Results Over a 14-month period, 66 vein segments were studied in 21 patients. There was good correlation between experienced angiographers on CO₂ image quality (R_i = 0.80) and good agreement on diagnosis (k = 0.62). In 91% of the vein segments evaluated with CO₂ there was interobserver agreement on the diagnosis. Upper extremity veins were adequately imaged with CO₂ alone in all (6/6) patients with contraindications to iodinated contrast. Following suboptimal iodinated contrast studies in six patients, CO₂ produced significantly better quality upper extremity central vein images (p < 0.05). Pain following injection into peripheral veins was the only CO₂-related complication. Inferior vena cava (IVC) filters were successfully deployed with CO₂ alone in 78% (7/9) of patients; two required iodinated contrast.Conclusion Based upon initial experience, CO₂ venography can be recommended in patients with contraindications to iodinated contrast or unsatisfactory iodinated contrast studies.Presented before the Annual Meeting and Postgraduate Course, Cardiovascular and Interventional Radiological Society of Europe, June 7, 1994, Aghia Pelaghia, Crete, Greece.     

Role of carbon dioxide angiography in management of below knee arterial lesions

Introduction

Many practitioners express concern about the adequacy of imaging using CO₂ in the lower extremities, particularly in the distribution of the popliteal artery and below (5). Published results have varied considerably with respect to the validity of imaging this anatomy.

Objectives

Review our experience with CO₂ angiography using CO₂ angioset in evaluation and intervention of below knee arteries.

Patients and methods

Forty patients with lower limb ischemia were divided into two groups. The 1st group has normal kidney function, subjected to angiography with CO₂ and water soluble contrast media (WSCM) as the reference standard (control). The 2nd group has subjected only to CO₂ angiography due to one or more risk factors related to WSCM. CO₂ angioset is a dedicated CO₂ injection system used in all patients. In the 1st group; imaging findings on CO₂ and WSCM angiography were compared while in the 2nd group; findings were compared with the post procedure clinical and color Doppler findings.

Results

All arterial lesions detected on CO₂ angiography were comparable to those obtained with WSCM in the control group. In the 2nd group; post procedure clinical and Doppler findings correlated well with angiographic findings and angioplasty results. CO₂ angiography images have lower resolution compared to WSCM however, they were reliable for accurate diagnosis and to guide angioplasty.

Conclusion

CO₂ angiography using CO₂ angioset is considered a reliable alternate to WSCM in assessment of below knee arteries and provides a reliable roadmap to interventional procedures.     

Endovascular treatment of superficial femoral artery occlusive disease with stents coated with diamond-like carbon

A major consideration in the reduction of early stent thrombosis and in-stent restenosis is the improvement of biocompatibility of the devices. Diamond-like carbon is a novel material for coating stent surfaces in order to increase biocompatibility. The authors report on the endovascular treatment of two individuals with superficial femoral artery occlusions, using stents coated with diamond-like carbon. Technical and clinical success was achieved in both cases, with primary patency rates of 100% 12 months after intervention.     

The determination of carbon monoxide in blood treated with formaldehyde

Summary Addition of formalin to blood samples obtained at autopsy, as in the process of embalming yields adequate results with regard to carboxy-hemoglobin determinations. The determinations should be carried out as early as possible because of denaturation of sample storage.

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Zusammenfassung Es wird gezeigt, daß es durchaus möglich ist, tödliche Konzentrationen von Kohlenoxydhä moglobin in Leichenblut auch nach Zusatz von Formalin zum Blute nachzuweisen. Zusätze von 10%igem Formalin zu einer Endkonzentration von 0,25–9,0% Formaldehyd zu Blutproben mit 59–81% HbCO gaben in den meisten Fällen brauchbare quantitative Werte. Qualitative Resultate können immer erhalten werden und genügen in der Regel zur Begutachtung der Fälle. Die Analysen sollen aber so bald wie möglich ausgeführt werden, da beim Aufbewahren weitgehende Denaturierung eintritt.

     

MR imaging of microcirculation in rat brain: correlation with carbon dioxide-induced changes in blood flow

Considerable interest has been shown in developing a magnetic resonance (MR) imaging technique with quantitative capability in the evaluation of tissue microcirculation ("perfusion"). In the present study, the flow-dephased/flow-compensated (FD/FC) technique is evaluated for measuring rat cerebral blood flow (CBF) under nearly optimal laboratory conditions. Imaging was performed on a 2.0-T system equipped with shielded gradient coils. Rat CBF was varied by manipulating arterial carbon dioxide pressure (PaCO2). In parallel experiments, optimized MR imaging studies (seven rats) were compared with laser Doppler flowmetry (LDF) studies (nine rats). LDF values showed a high degree of correlation between CBF and PaCO2, agreeing with results in the literature. MR imaging values, while correlating with PaCO2, showed considerable scatter. The most likely explanation is unavoidable rat motion during the requisite long imaging times. Because of this motion sensitivity, the FD/FC technique cannot provide a quantitative measure of CBF. It can, however, provide a qualitative picture.     

Balloon occlusion versus wedged hepatic venography using carbon dioxide for portal vein opacification during TIPS

Balloon occlusion hepatic venography using carbon dioxide (CO2) is proposed as a safer yet simpler alternative to wedged catheter techniques that have caused hepatic lacerations during the transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt (TIPS) procedure. The image quality of CO2 wedged catheter and balloon occlusion venograms was comparable in our small series, with no venographic-related complications occurring in the balloon occlusion group.     

方格星虫多糖对低剂量电离辐射、一氧化碳、苯和噪声复合损伤大鼠的保护作用观察

目的观察方格星虫多糖对低剂量电离辐射、一氧化碳、苯和噪声等有害环境因素复合损伤大鼠的保护作用。方法健康成年SD大鼠50只,随机分为正常对照组、模型对照组及方格星虫多糖低、中、高剂量组。给药组大鼠每天于γ射线照射前经口给予方格星虫多糖70、140、280mg/(kg.d),连续7d。模型对照组给予等体积0.9%NaCl。试验结束后处死动物,全自动血细胞计数仪检测外周血细胞计数,紫外分光光度法测定骨髓DNA含量,试剂盒检测血清超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性和丙二醛(MDA)含量,并计算主要脏器(肝脏、脾脏、胸腺)指数。结果与模型对照组比较,方格星虫多糖处理后外周血红细胞、血小板计数及血细胞比容、血红蛋白水平、SOD活性均显著升高(P<0.05,P<0.01),白细胞有升高趋势,MDA含量明显下降(P<0.05),骨髓DNA含量显著升高(P<0.05),而肝脏指数、脾脏指数、胸腺指数均无明显变化。结论方格星虫多糖对有害环境因素复合损伤大鼠具有升高白细胞、血小板,提高抗氧化能力,促进骨髓损伤修复等保护作用。     

白芍配方颗粒对四氯化碳诱导的LO2细胞损伤的影响

目的 观察白芍配方颗粒对四氯化碳(CCl4)致人肝脏LO2细胞损伤的影响,并初步探讨其作用机制.方法 将LO2细胞分为正常对照组、CCl4模型组、白芍配方颗粒组(1、5、10mg/L)、维生素素E(Vit E)组(50mmol/L).除正常对照组外,其余各组细胞预先用相应药物处理24h后,建立CCl4诱导(终浓度10mmol/L,6h)的LO2细胞损伤模型,测定细胞培养上清中丙氨酸转氨酶(ALT)、天冬氨酸转氨酶(AST)含量,MTT法检测细胞存活率.随后将细胞分为正常对照组、CCl4模型组、白芍配方颗粒组(10mg/L)、Vit E组(50mmol/L),采用高内涵分析(HCA)技术同时观察药物对LO2细胞线粒体膜电位、细胞色素C含量、膜通透性、核DNA含量、核尺寸及形态、细胞数量的影响.结果 与CCl4模型组相比,白芍配方颗粒或Vit E预处理可明显降低ALT、AST水平(P＜0.05或P＜0.01),其中尤以10mg/L白芍配方颗粒组及Vit E组为明显,且白芍配方颗粒各浓度及Vit E可明显减缓CCl4导致的细胞活力下降(P＜0.05或P＜0.01),呈现出一定的浓度依赖性.HCA结果显示,10mg/L白芍配方颗粒及Vit E可明显升高线粒体膜电位(P＜0.01),阻止细胞色素C释放(P＜0.01),降低细胞膜通透性(P＜0.01),并可降低核荧光强度(P＜0.01),增加细胞核尺寸(P＜0.01)及细胞数量(P＜0.05).结论 白芍配方颗粒可明显减轻CCl4诱导的肝细胞损伤,其作用机制可能与保护线粒体膜完整性、降低细胞膜通透性、抑制肝细胞凋亡有关.     

创伤患者呼气末和动脉血二氧化碳分压的关系

目的　研究创伤患者呼气末二氧化碳分压 (PetCO2 )和动脉血二氧化碳分压 (PaCO2 )间的关系。　方法　分别测定 18例择期手术患者 (Ⅰ组 )及 36例创伤患者的PaCO2 及PetCO2 ,其中估计失血量 <2 5 %的为Ⅱ组 (18例 ) ,失血量≥ 2 5 %为Ⅲ组 (18例 )。　结果　正常血容量及失血量 <2 5 %的患者 ,PetCO2 和PaCO2 之间差异无显著性意义 (P >0 .0 5 ) ,PetCO2 能可靠反映PaCO2 ;而失血量超过 2 5 %的患者 ,PetCO2 和PaCO2 差异有非常显著性意义 (P <0 .0 1) ,此时PetCO2 不能可靠反映PaCO2 。　结论　在临床上对失血量 <2 5 %的创伤患者 ,可用PetCO2 推断PaCO2 ,但对失血量≥ 2 5 %的创伤患者 ,PetCO2 不能可靠反映PaCO2 。