586例肿瘤患者贫血发生率调查

目的 分析各系统肿瘤患者中贫血的发生率和程度.方法 对在我院肿瘤内科住院的586例患者的临床资料进行回顾性分析.结果 肿瘤患者贫血的发生率达45.73%,其中Ⅰ、Ⅱ度为68.28%,Ⅲ、Ⅳ为度31.72%.血液系统肿瘤贫血的发生率最高,为58.67%,泌尿生殖系统为50.00%,消化道肿瘤为46.91%,乳腺癌为41.94%,肺癌为24.59%,其他肿瘤为44.78%.66.42%肿瘤患者有贫血症状,13.06%采取治疗措施,出院有贫血诊断仅为1.12%.结论 肿瘤患者贫血发生率高,漏诊率高,治疗率低,应引起医师的高度重视.     

济南市老年人慢性病流行病学调查及相关因素分析

目的 了解和掌握济南市老年人慢性病的患病率及影响疾病的相关因素.方法 对济南市市区2086名老年人进行调查,采用SPSS11.0软件包进行统计分析.结果 济南市老年人冠心病的患病率为52.88%,高血压病为49.04%,糖尿病为22.05%,高胆固醇血症为22.91%,高三酰甘油血症为24.35%,脑卒中为13.33%,慢性支气管炎为10.07%,代谢综合征为20.76%,男性前列腺肥大为69.28%,脂肪肝为35.38%.结论 济南市老年人慢性病患病率高,慢性病的产生与腰围、年龄、总胆固醇、三酰甘油、文化水平有关.     

阿霉素联合化疗毒副反应的防治与护理

目的:对阿霉素的毒副反应进行防治和护理.方法:观察200例癌症患者应用以阿霉素为主联合化疗的毒副反应,给予防治和护理干预.结果:消化道反应为77.5%,骨髓抑制为73.0%,局部反应为49.5%,黏膜反应为46.0%,脱发为46.0%,心脏毒性反应为25.5%,肝损害为9.0%.结论:阿霉素毒副反应虽然较重,如加强观察、防治和护理,可使化疗顺利完成.     

新入学和毕业初中生乙肝病毒感染情况分析

目的:了解某县初中学生中乙肝病毒(HBV)感染情况,为中学生乙肝的预防控制提供客观依据.方法:对某县新入学和毕业初中学生2 366名进行健康体检时采用酶联免疫法进行乙肝两对半的检测并分析其检测结果.结果:2 366名初中学生HBsAg阳性率为11.5%.其中入学新生为5.0%,毕业生为19.2%;男学生为18.1%,女学生为2.7%;城镇学生为8.5%,乡村学生为13.3%.抗-HBs阳性率男学生5.7%,女学生3.3%;乡村学生17.4%,城镇学生0.22%.结论:中学生乙肝两对半检查结果是对中学生乙肝疫苗复种和HBsAg携带者管理的可靠依据,对加强中学生健康教育,培养其良好卫生习惯有积极意义.     

三维适形放疗辅助DDP化疗治疗宫颈癌复发患者临床观察

目的 评估三维适形放疗辅助DDP同期化疗治疗宫颈癌复发患者的临床疗效与毒副作用.方法 卵巢癌治疗后复发患者36例,以直线加速器6 mv-x行三维适形放疗,单次剂量2～2.5 gy,1次/d,每周5次,总剂量为55～60 Gy,平均剂量为57.5 Gy.同步辅助DDP化疗,给予DDP30～40 mg/m2.结果 阴道出血缓解率为100%,腰腿疼痛缓解率为100%,患侧下肢水肿缓解率为78%,肿瘤治疗有效率(CR+PR)为66.7%,1年和3年生存率为36%和12%,中位生存时间为19个月.近期并发症:消化道反应的发生率为15.3%,骨髓抑制的(Ⅰ-Ⅱ度)发生率为83.3%,放射性肠炎的发生率为7.8%,放射性膀胱炎的发生率为2.9%.远期并发症:放射性肠炎的发生率为5.6%.放射性膀胱炎的发生率为4.6%.结论 三维适形放射治疗辅助DDP同期化疗治疗卵巢癌复发患者疗效较好,毒副作用可耐受,不失为有效的治疗.     

南极磷虾粉的营养成分分析及评价

目的分析南极磷虾粉的营养成分并评价其营养价值,期望为进一步的开发利用提供参考。方法采用国标方法。结果与结论南极磷虾粉中粗蛋白含量为61.80%,灰分含量为13.40%,水分含量为9.40%,粗脂肪含量为7.32%,碳水化合物含量为2.58%;南极磷虾粉中检测出17种氨基酸,总氨基酸含量为467.02mg.g-1,7种人体必需氨基酸含量为208.86mg.g-1,占总氨基酸的比例为44.72%;鲜味氨基酸占总氨基酸的比例为36.70%,必需氨基酸的构成比例符合FAD/WHO的标准;检测出21种脂肪酸,其中饱和脂肪酸含量为30.07%,不饱和脂肪酸含量为69.93%。矿物质Ca为32 500mg.kg-1,Zn为28mg.kg-1,Cu为37mg.kg-1,Fe为145mg.kg-1,Mg为7200mg.kg-1,Mn为4.2mg.kg-1;Cd为0.2mg.kg-1,Pb<0.1mg.kg-1,低于相关食品卫生标准限量。因此,南极磷虾粉具有较高的营养价值和较好的开发应用潜力。     

特发性颅高压临床病例研究

目的 正确认识特发性颅高压早期临床特点.方法 回顾分析近两年内48例诊断为特发性颅高压的患者的早期临床资料,包括症状、体征以及相关的眼科及神经科检查.结果 48例患者病程最短1周,最长15周,中位数为3周.以肥胖年轻女性居多.主要以一过性黑曚（79.1%）,视力下降（58.3%）及头痛（45.8%）为主诉.均表现为双侧视乳头水肿,不对称者占56.2%.头颅MRI有34.5%表现为空蝶鞍.矫正视力光感～0.01占5.2%,0.02～0.1占3.1%,0.2～0.5占20.8%,0.6～0.9占15.6%,1.0占55.2%.视野多表现生理盲点扩大（36.5%）、弓形暗点（18.8%）及环形暗点（26.0%）.VEP检查P100潜伏期多表现为正常（63.5%）或轻度延长（20.8%）,振幅多表现为正常（60.4%）或轻度下降（20.8%）.结论 早期特发性颅高压视功能受损普遍较轻,早期诊断、早期治疗相当关键,否则会导致视功能不可逆损伤.     

医养结合机构常见病原菌对抗菌药物的敏感性及耐药性

目的:分析医养结合机构常见病原菌对抗菌药物的敏感性及耐药性,为此类机构临床早期经验性治疗提供选药参考依据。方法:按照2013年CLSI推荐的药敏试验方法和标准,对2017年1-12月全年送检标本进行试验及结果判断。结果:共送检标本7878份,分离出阳性标本1981份,总体阳性率25. 15%。病原菌以革兰阴性菌为主(76. 53%),革兰阳性菌占12. 87%,真菌占10. 60%。检出前5位病原菌的抗菌药物耐药率、敏感率为:铜绿假单胞菌对左氧氟沙星耐药率最高为35. 5%,对阿米卡星敏感率为97. 4%;大肠埃希菌对头孢唑林耐药率最高为84. 8%,对亚胺培南西司他丁敏感率为95. 9%;肺炎克雷伯菌对复方新诺明耐药率最高为66. 3%,对阿米卡星敏感率为88. 4%;金黄色葡萄球菌对阿奇霉素耐药率最高为57. 7%,对万古霉素敏感率为100. 0%;鲍曼不动杆菌对头孢他啶耐药率最高为85. 7%,对多黏菌素B敏感率为93. 9%。结论:医养结合、长期照护机构应尽快开展细菌耐药监测工作,为其临床合理使用抗菌药物提供参考依据。     

大学生上网行为及网络成瘾情况的探讨

目的 了解大学生网络使用情况及其有关因素,探讨大学生网络成瘾行为,为指导大学生戒除网癌、培养正确合理的网络行为提供依据.方法 采取分层整群抽样的方法,应用"中国青少年健康相关行为调查问卷",对某省2 431名大学生进行问卷调查.结果 大学生上网报告率为95.6%(男生为96.0%.女生为95.2%);网络成瘾倾向报告率为14.4%,男生(18.6%)明显高于女生(10.2%);网络成瘾报告率为3.2%.男生(5.1%)明显高于女生(1.3%);大学生上网目的 报告率,聊天为83.3%、多媒体娱乐为68.7%、查阅学习资料为68.1%、浏览新闻为66.4%.结论 大学生网络使用已非常普遍,网络成瘾行为是目前大学生中较为严重的公共卫生问题之一,影响大学生的健康成长,社会、家庭、学校应共同采取干预措施.     

GC外标法测定伤湿止痛膏中挥发性成分的含量

目的 建立了毛细管GC法测定伤湿止痛膏中樟脑、薄荷脑、冰片、水杨酸甲酯的含量测定.方法 采用DB-WAX毛细管柱,FID检测器,挥发油提取法净化样品,乙酸乙酯为稀释溶剂.结果 樟脑平均回收率96.8%;RSD为1.1%、薄荷脑平均回收率97.3%;RSD为1.4%、冰片平均回收率96.4%;RSD为0.9%;水杨酸甲酯平均回收率97.0%;RSD为1.1%.结论 改方法 简单、准确、重复性好,为伤湿止痛膏的质量控制提高提供了依据.     

Efficacy of gut lavage,hemodialysis, and hemoperfusion in the therapy of paraquat or diquat intoxication

Clinical and in vitro investigations were carried out to test the efficacy of gut lavage, hemodialysis, and hemoperfusion in the treatment of poisoning with paraquat or diquat. In a patient suffering from diquat intoxication 130 times more diquat was removed by gut lavage 30 h after ingestion than was removed by complete aspiration of the gastric contents.Determination of in vitro clearances for paraquat and diquat by hemodialysis showed that, at serum concentrations of 1–2 ppm, such as are frequently encountered in poisoning in man, toxicologically relevant quantities of herbicide cannot be removed from the body. At a concentration of 20 ppm, on the other hand, hemodialysis proved to be effective, the clearance being 70 ml/min at a blood flow rate of 100 ml/min. The efficacy of hemoperfusion with coated activated charcoal was on the whole better. Especially at concentrations around 1–2 ppm, the clearance values for hemoperfusion were some 5–7 times higher than those for hemodialysis.In a patient suffering from paraquat poisoning, both hemodialysis as well as hemoperfusion were carried out. The in vitro results could be confirmed: At serum concentrations of paraquat less than 1 ppm no clearance could be obtained by hemodialysis while by hemoperfusion with activated charcoal quite high clearance values were measured and the serum level dropped down to zero.

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Zusammenfassung Klinische Untersuchungen und Laboratoriumsversuche wurden durchgeführt, um die Wirksamkeit von Darmspülung, Hämodialyse und Hämoperfusion bei Paraquat- und Deiquat-Vergiftungen zu prüfen.Bei einem Patienten wurde 30 Std nach Deiquat-Aufnahme durch Darmspülung 130mal mehr Deiquat entfernt als durch vollständige Aspiration des Mageninhaltes. In vitro-Versuche ergaben, daß bei Blutserumkonzentrationen von 1–2 ppm, die bei Vergiftungen oft gemessen werden, durch Hämodialyse keine toxikologisch relevanten Paraquat- oder Deiquat-Mengen entfernt werden können. Dagegen erwies sich die Hämodialyse bei 20 ppm und einer Blutumlaufgeschwindigkeit von 100 ml/min mit einer Clearance von 70 ml/min als wirksam. Die Hämoperfusion mit beschicheter Aktivkohle war in diesen Versuchen aber eindeutig überlegen, denn insbesondere bei Konzentrationen um 1–2 ppm waren die Clearance-Werte 5–7mal höher als bei der Hämodialyse.Die in vitro-Ergebnisse wurden bei einem Patienten mit einer Paraquat-Vergiftung bestätigt: Bei Konzentrationen unter 1 ppm war die Hämodialyse wirkungslos, während durch Hämoperfusion relativ hohe Clearance-Werte erreicht wurden, so daß der Serumspiegel rasch unter die Nachweisgrenze abfiel.

     

In vitro studies on sterically stabilized liposomes (SL) as enzyme carriers in organophosphorus (OP) antagonism

This study describes a new approach for organophosphorous (OP) antidotal treatment by encapsulating an OP hydrolyzing enzyme, OPA anhydrolase (OPAA), within sterically stabilized liposomes. The recombinant OPAA enzyme was derived from Alteromonas strain JD6. It has broad substrate specificity to a wide range of OP compounds: DFP and the nerve agents, soman and sarin. Liposomes encapsulating OPAA (SL)* were made by mechanical dispersion method. Hydrolysis of DFP by (SL)* was measured by following an increase of fluoride ion concentration using a fluoride ion selective electrode. OPAA entrapped in the carrier liposomes rapidly hydrolyze DFP, with the rate of DFP hydrolysis directly proportional to the amount of (SL)* added to the solution. Liposomal carriers containing no enzyme did not hydrolyze DFP. The reaction was linear and the rate of hydrolysis was first order in the substrate. This enzyme carrier system serves as a biodegradable protective environment for the recombinant OP-metabolizing enzyme, OPAA, resulting in prolongation of enzymatic concentration in the body. These studies suggest that the protection of OP intoxication can be strikingly enhanced by adding OPAA encapsulated within (SL)* to pralidoxime and atropine.     

Steroidal sapogenin contents in some domestic plants

In order to find out the values of the steroid resources for the future use. the compositions and contents of steroidal sapogenins from 13 domestic plants have been investigated. As a result,Dioscorea nipponica, D. quinqueloba andSmilax china were found to have large amount of diosgenin. And pennogenin inTrillium kamtschaticum andParis verticillata, yuccagenin inAllium fistulosum, hecogenin inAgave americana and neochlorogenin inSolanum nigum were appeared to be major steroidal sapogenins.     

Synthesis,Cytotoxicity and Antileishmanial Activity of Some N-(2-(indol-3-yl)ethyl)-7-chloroquinolin-4-amines

We report herein the condensation of 4,7-dichloroquinoline (1) with tryptamine (2) and D-tryptophan methyl ester (3) . Hydrolysis of the methyl ester adduct (5) yielded the free acid (6) . The compounds were evaluated in vitro for activity against four different species of Leishmania promastigote forms and for cytotoxic activity against Kb and Vero cells. Compound (5) showed good activity against the Leishmania species tested, while all three compounds displayed moderate activity in both Kb and Vero cells.     

Aquatic Insects and Trace Metals: Bioavailability,Bioaccumulation, and Toxicity

Abstract

The uptake of metals from food and water sources by insects is thought to be additive. For a given metal, the proportions taken up from water and food will depend both on the bioavailable concentration of the metal associated with each source and the mechanism and rate by which the metal enters the insect. Attempts to correlate insect trace metal concentrations with the trophic level of insects should be made with a knowledge of the feeding relationships of the individual taxa concerned. Pathways for the uptake of essential metals, such as copper and zinc, exist at the cellular level, and other nonessential metals, such as cadmium, also appear to enter via these routes. Within cells, trace metals can be bound to proteins or stored in granules. The internal distribution of metals among body tissues is very heterogeneous, and distribution patterns tend to be both metal and taxon specific. Trace metals associated with insects can be both bound on the surface of their chitinous exoskeleton and incorporated into body tissues. The quantities of trace meals accumulated by an individual reflect the net balance between the rate of metal influx from both dissolved and particulate sources and the rate of metal efflux from the organism. The toxicity of metals has been demonstrated at all levels of biological organization: cell, tissue, individual, population, and community. Much of the literature pertaining to the toxic effects of metals on aquatic insects is based on laboratory observations and, as such, it is difficult to extrapolate the data to insects in nature. The few experimental studies in nature suggest that trace metal contaminants can affect both the distribution and the abundance of aquatic insects. Insects have a largely unexploited potential as biomonitors of metal contamination in nature. A better understanding of the physico-chemical and biological mechanisms mediating trace metal bioavailability and exchange will facilitate the development of general predictive models relating trace metal concentrations in insects to those in their environment. Such models will facilitate the use of insects as contaminant biomonitors.