不同产地玄参饮片高效液相色谱指纹图谱及6种化学成分含量测定

目的建立玄参饮片的高效液相色谱(HPLC)指纹图谱及6种化学成分同时定量分析的方法。方法采用HPLC测定了16个不同批次的玄参样品,色谱柱为Syncronis C18(250 mm×4.6 mm,5μm),以0.03%磷酸-乙腈为流动相进行梯度洗脱,检测波长210 nm,柱温40℃,流速1 mL·min~(-1),运行时间80 min,建立玄参饮片的指纹图谱并进行含量测定,采用中药指纹图谱相似度评价系统(2012版)对16批样品进行共有峰确认及相似度评价;通过SPSS 21.0统计软件采用主成分分析(PCA)和聚类分析(CA)对HPLC指纹图谱进行模式识别分析。结果以肉桂酸为参照物,建立了玄参饮片的HLPC指纹图谱共有模式,标定了20个共有峰,并指认了其中桃叶珊瑚苷、哈巴苷、哈巴俄苷、安格洛苷C、类叶升麻苷和肉桂酸6个峰,并对其中6种主要成分进行含量测定;对16批样品进行了相似度评价,其相似度为0.881～0.980。结论建立的HPLC指纹图谱结合主成分分析、聚类分析方法,可以客观、有效、全面地用于玄参饮片的质量评价;不同厂家、批号、产地的玄参饮片样品质量不一,应加强中药规范化生产。     

五味藤茎皮高效液相色谱指纹图谱及数据挖掘研究

目的 建立五味藤茎皮的高效液相色谱（HPLC）指纹图谱。方法 采用HPLC法,色谱柱为Shim-pack VP-ODS柱（250 mm×4.6 mm,5μm）,流动相为乙腈-0.1%甲酸水溶液（梯度洗脱）,流速为1.0 mL/min,检测波长为327 nm(0～45 min)和260 nm(45～105 min),柱温为25℃,进样量为10μL。以1,7-二羟基?酮峰为参照峰,测定13批药材样品的HPLC指纹图谱,采用中药指纹图谱相似度评价系统（2012版）进行共有峰确定和相似度评价;并进行聚类分析和主成分分析。结果 13批药材样品的HPLC图谱有10个共有峰,相似度为0.951～0.997。聚类分析和主成分分析结果显示,样品可分为两大类,主要区别在于贮存时间以4年为限,原因可能与购买和贮存时间有关。结论 该指纹图谱及聚类分析和主成分分析结果,可为进一步科学评价五味藤茎皮质量提供参考。     

酒萸肉超高效液相色谱指纹图谱的建立及化学计量分析

目的建立酒萸肉的超高效液相色谱指纹图谱,并进行聚类分析和主成分分析。方法色谱柱为ACE3 C18-AR柱(100 mm×2.1 mm,3μm),流动相为乙腈-0.3%磷酸溶液(梯度洗脱),流速为0.2 m L/min,检测波长为254 nm,柱温为25℃,进样量为1μL。以马钱苷为参照峰绘制76批酒萸肉药材样品的指纹图谱,并与10批山萸肉药材样品的指纹图谱进行比较。采用Chempattern化学计量学软件进行相似度评价,并进行聚类分析和主成分分析。结果76批酒萸肉药材指纹图谱共确定7个共有峰、6种成分,分别为没食子酸、5-羟甲基糠醛、莫诺苷、马钱苷、獐牙菜苷、山茱萸新苷;76批酒萸肉药材样品中有60批次的相似度大于0.8;76批酒萸肉药材样品和10批山萸肉药材样品聚为两大类,两大类的5-羟甲基糠醛含量差异明显;经主成分分析,峰6和峰2均是导致药材样品质量差异的重要因素。结论所建立的超高效液相色谱指纹图谱可用于酒萸肉的质量评价。     

辣椒药材的HPLC指纹图谱建立及聚类分析和主成分分析

目的:建立辣椒药材的高效液相色谱(HPLC)指纹图谱,并进行聚类分析和主成分分析。方法:采用HPLC法。色谱柱为Agilent C18,流动相为甲醇-0.2%磷酸水溶液(梯度洗脱),流速为1.0 mL/min,检测波长为235 nm,柱温为30℃,进样量为15μL。以辣椒素峰为参照,绘制15批药材样品的HPLC指纹图谱,采用《中药色谱指纹图谱相似度评价系统》(2004 A版)进行相似度评价,确定共有峰,并采用SPSS 19.0软件进行聚类分析和主成分分析。结果:15批药材样品的HPLC图谱相似度均在0.95以上;有12个共有峰,并指认了辣椒素峰;聚类分析结果显示,15批药材样品可聚为3类,S1、S3～S5、S7、S9～S13聚为一类,S2、S14、S15聚为一类,S6、S8聚为一类。经主成分分析,4个主成分因子的累积方差贡献率为94.093%,以S5药材样品的主成分因子综合得分最高、整体质量最好。结论:所建HPLC指纹图谱及聚类分析和主成分分析结果可为辣椒药材的质量控制提供参考。     

翻白草药材的HPLC指纹图谱及真伪鉴别研究

目的:建立翻白草药材的高效液相色谱(HPLC)指纹图谱,并进行真伪鉴别。方法:采用HPLC法,色谱柱为InertSustain C_(18),流动相为0.1%甲酸溶液-乙腈(梯度洗脱),流速为1.0 mL/min,检测波长为360 nm,柱温为30℃,进样量为10μL。以芦丁为参照,绘制19批翻白草药材样品和2批委陵菜药材样品的HPLC图谱,采用《中药色谱指纹图谱相似度评价系统》(2004)对21批药材样品进行相似度评价,确定19批翻白草药材样品的共有峰,采用SPSS 21.0统计软件进行聚类分析和主成分分析。结果:19批翻白草药材样品的HPLC图谱有18个共有峰,相似度均大于0.9,其HPLC图谱与对照指纹图谱具有较好的一致性;而2批委陵菜药材样品相似度均小于0.7。21批药材样品可聚为2大类,即2批委陵菜药材样品为一类,19批翻白草药材样品为一类,而翻白草药材样品可聚为4类;19批翻白草药材样品中芦丁、槲皮苷为主成分。结论:所建指纹图谱可为翻白草药材的真伪鉴别和质量评价提供参考。     

大接骨丹叶醇提物高效液相色谱指纹图谱研究

目的 建立大接骨丹叶醇提物的高效液相色谱（HPLC）指纹图谱。方法 用70%乙醇提取大接骨丹叶中的成分，采用HPLC法测定，色谱柱为Agela Promosil?C18柱（250 mm×4.6 mm,5μm），流动相为0.2%磷酸溶液-乙腈（梯度洗脱），流速为1.0 mL/min，检测波长为210 nm，柱温为35℃，进样量为10μL。以金丝桃苷为参照峰，绘制10批样品的HPLC指纹图谱，采用中药色谱指纹图谱相似度评价系统2004A版进行相似度评价，确定共有峰，并采用SPSS 18.0统计学软件进行聚类分析和主成分分析。结果 建立了10批样品醇提物的HPLC指纹图谱，确定了11个共有峰，指认了金丝桃苷峰和异槲皮苷峰，10批样品醇提物相似度为0.980～0.999。聚类分析结果显示，10批样品醇提物可聚为2类，其中S1单独聚为一类，S2-S10聚为第二类。主成分分析结果显示，共得到2个主成分，方差贡献率分别为63.533%和23.141%，累计方差贡献率达86.674%。结论 所建立的HPLC指纹图谱及聚类分析和主成分分析方法简便、稳定、可靠、科学，可用于大接骨丹叶醇提物及相关产品的质量...     

筋骨草配方颗粒高效液相色谱指纹图谱研究

目的 建立筋骨草配方颗粒的高效液相色谱（HPLC）指纹图谱。方法 采用HPLC法,色谱柱为Agilent ZORBAX Eclipse Plus C18柱（250 mm×4.6 mm,5μm）,流动相为甲醇-0.1%磷酸溶液（梯度洗脱）,流速为1.0 mL/min,检测波长为207 nm,柱温为25℃,进样量为10μL。以乙酰哈巴苷峰为参照峰,测定15批样品的HPLC指纹图谱。采用中药色谱指纹图谱相似度评价系统（2012版）进行相似度评价,确定共有峰,并进行聚类分析和主成分分析。结果 15批样品的HPLC指纹图谱有8个共有峰,指认了其中2个。相似度均在0.975～1.000。15批样品可聚为4类,共提取到两大主成分,累积方差贡献率85.367%,其中峰1和峰4是对样品质量影响较大的主要成分。结论 建立的HPLC指纹图谱操作简单,重复性和稳定性均良好,能整体、全面、真实地反映制剂质量的差异,可为其质量控制及整体性评价提供参考。     

不同产地锁阳药材HPLC指纹图谱研究及2种黄酮成分含量测定

目的 建立不同产地锁阳药材HPLC指纹图谱,并测定其中2种黄酮成分的含量。方法 采用HPLC-DAD技术,以Dikma Spursil C₁₈色谱柱（4.6 mm×250 mm,5 μm）,甲醇-0.2%甲酸溶液为流动相梯度洗脱,建立锁阳药材的指纹图谱并进行含量测定;采用中药指纹图谱相似度评价系统（2012版）对12批样品进行共有峰确认及相似度评价;通过SPSS 21.0统计软件采用聚类分析（CA）和主成分分析（PCA）对HPLC指纹图谱进行模式识别研究。结果 建立了锁阳药材指纹图谱,12批锁阳药材的相似度均>0.90;确定共有峰22个,并对其中儿茶素、根皮苷含量进行测定,其含量均值分别为0.320,0.057 mg·g^-1。CA将不同批次锁阳药材分为4类,反映了12个不同产区锁阳药材的质量特征;通过PCA筛选出累计贡献率达到89.349%的5个主成分,得到决定锁阳药材质量的4个化学成分。结论 建立的HPLC指纹图谱结合含量测定、CA、PCA方法可以客观、全面、有效地用于锁阳药材的质量评价。     

不同产地天麻药材的指纹图谱建立及分析

摘要：目的:收集来自8个省份的38份天麻药材,通过高效液相色谱-二极管阵列检测器法（HPLC-DAD）测定样品,比较色谱图,建立天麻指纹图谱并评估药材质量。方法:采用BDS HYPERSIL C18柱（4.6 mm×250 mm,5μm）,以甲醇-0.1%磷酸水溶液为流动相,梯度洗脱,检测波长:220 nm,流速:1 ml·min-1,柱温:35℃。通过对38份样品的测定,建立天麻指纹图谱,并进行相似度评价、主成分分析。结果:38份天麻药材的色谱图相似,相似度为0.826～0.996,36批药材的相似度大于0.90,确立14个共有峰,表明化学成分基本相似。选取6个主要色谱峰作为天麻指纹图谱的特征峰,与10种标准品比对,经鉴别分别为天麻素、对羟基苯甲醇、巴利森苷E、巴利森苷B、巴利森苷C、巴利森苷A。38批天麻药材的特征峰的含量差异较大,其中天麻素、巴利森苷E、巴利森苷B、巴利森苷A的含量较高。同产于贵州的红天麻、绿天麻和乌天麻的指纹图谱相似度较高,化学成分相似,特征峰含量有区别。结论:该方法简便、稳定性和重复性良好,采样全面,通过建立天麻药材HPLC指纹图谱,进行相关统计分析,主要反映天麻药材中的化学成分信息,为天麻药材的质量监测提供较全面的检验依据。     

基于指纹图谱及主成分分析法评价秦巴山区连翘的质量

摘要：目的:建立连翘药材的超高效液相（UPLC）指纹图谱,结合主成分分析法评价秦巴山区连翘的质量。方法:采用UPLC法,流动相2 ml·L-1甲酸水-乙腈梯度洗脱,获得13批连翘药材指纹图谱,进行相似度评价,确定共有峰,以连翘苷为参照峰,采用SPSS 19.0软件进行主成分分析。结果:13批连翘药材的UPLC指纹图谱有5个共有峰,相似度为0.732～0.944。经主成分分析,2个主成分因子的累计方差贡献率为87.674%,以S12（湖北十堰郧阳区）药材样品的主成分因子综合得分最高,整体质量最好。结论:秦巴山不同地区连翘存在一定质量差异,通过指纹图谱与主成分分析相结合,可为连翘药材的质量控制及开发应用提供参考依据。     

EFFECT OF POLICOSANOL SUCCESSIVE DOSE INCREASES ON PLATELET AGGREGATION IN HEALTHY VOLUNTEERS

Policosanol is a cholesterol-lowering drug with hypocholesterolemic effects demonstrated in experimental models, healthy volunteers and type II hypercholesterolemic patients. In addition, antiplatelet effects of policosanol have been shown in experimental models and healthy volunteers. The effect of successively increasing doses of policosanol on platelet aggregation was investigated in a randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind study conducted in 37 healthy volunteers. The volunteers were on a placebo-baseline period (two tablets per day) for 7 days and thereafter they received randomly, under double-blind conditions, placebo or policosanol (10mgday⁻¹) for 7 days. After this period dosage was doubled to 20mgday⁻¹for the next 7 days and then again doubled to 40mgday⁻¹, while the control group received placebo tablets all the time. Platelet aggregation as well as coagulation time was measured at baseline and after each dosing step. Results showed that antiplatelet effects of policosanol were successfully enhanced throughout the study, thus suggesting a dose-dependent relationship. No significant effect was reached during the first dosing period, but significant reductions of epinephrine and ADP-induced platelet aggregation were observed after the second one. Finally, a significant inhibition of platelet aggregation induced by all the agonists was observed at the last dosing step. Coagulation time remained unchanged during the trial.     

Synthesis and evaluation of 2,6-piperidinedione derivatives as potentially novel compounds with analgesic and other CNS activities

New 2,6-piperidinediones 2_a–g and 4_a–d were prepared by initial condensation of aromatic aldehydes or cycloalkanones with cyanoacetamide to give α-cyanocinnamides l_a–g or cycloalkylidenes 3_a,b which underwent Michae1 addition with ethyl cyanoacetate or diethylmalonate. Compounds 4_a–d were alkylated by various alkyl halides to produce the N-alkylated 2,6-piperidinedione derivatives 5_a–m. Some new selected compounds 2_a–c,f, 4_a–d & 5_e,h,j were pharmacologically evaluated for potential anticonvulsant, sedative and analgesic activities. These compounds exhibited significant anticonvulsant and analgesic effects after a single I.P. administration 100 mg/kg b.wt. . On the other hand all the investigated compounds induced hypnotic activity and prolonged the phenobarbital sodium- induced sleep as compared with the control group and the most potent compound was found to be 2_f.     

鼻渊净胶囊的HPLC指纹图谱研究

目的 建立鼻渊净胶囊的高效液相色谱（HPLC）指纹图谱。方法 采用Agilent SB-C₁₈（4.6 mm×250 mm,5 μm）色谱柱,乙腈-水为流动相、以1.0 ml/min流速行梯度洗脱,检测波长210 nm,柱温30 ℃,洗脱时间为80 min。采用中药色谱指纹图谱相似度评价系统（2004A版）对检测出色谱进行指纹图谱相似度评价。结果 建立了鼻渊净胶囊的HPLC指纹图谱,确定了20个共有峰,15个峰归属到各药材,其中5个峰确认了化学成分;10批样品的指纹图谱的整体相似度与对照图谱比较,均在90%以上。结论 所建立的鼻渊净胶囊指纹图谱有助于从整体上控制该制剂的质量。     

NEURAMIDE STIMULATES ADRENOCORTICOTROPIN BUT NOT PROLACTIN RELEASE FROM RAT PITUITARY

Neuramide (NMD), a substance found in crude preparations of porcine stomach extract, is a viral inhibitor that also has putative immunostimulatory effects. The effects of NMD on stress-hormone (ACTH and prolactin—PRL) release were assessed inin vivoandin vitrostudies. In the former, blood levels of corticosterone and PRL were measured in NMD-treated male rats.In vitroexperiments were performed to evaluate the effects of NMD and three of its fractions (obtained with high performance liquid chromatography) on ACTH and PRL release from perfused rat pituitary slices. NMD increased plasma corticosterone levelsin vivoand produced dose-dependent increases inin vitropituitary release of ACTH. No effects on PRL secretion were observedin vivoorin vitro. The stimulatory effects on ACTH release were caused by the NMD fraction with a molecular weight of >5000<10000Da.     

Investigation of the prevalence of tetQ, tetX and tetX1 genes in Bacteroides strains with elevated tigecycline minimum inhibitory concentrations

In this study, the antibiotic susceptibilities to tigecycline and tetracycline of 35 selected Bacteroides fragilis group strains were determined by Etest, and the presence of tetQ, tetX, tetX1 and ermF genes was investigated by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). tetQ was detected in all 12 B. fragilis group isolates (100%) exhibiting elevated tigecycline minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) (≥8 μg/mL) as well as the 8 strains (100%) with a tigecycline MIC of 4 μg/mL, whilst tetX and tetX1 were present in 15% and 75% of these strains, respectively. All of these strains were fully resistant to tetracycline (MIC ≥ 16 μg/mL). On the other hand, amongst the group of strains with tigecycline MICs < 4 μg/mL (15 isolates), tetQ, tetX and tetX1 were found less frequently (73.3%, 13.3% and 46.7%, respectively). All but two strains harbouring the tetQ gene in this group were non-susceptible to tetracycline, with a MIC > 4 μg/mL. These data suggest that in most cases tigecycline overcomes the tetracycline resistance mechanisms frequently observed in Bacteroides strains. However, the presence of tetX and tetX1 genes in some of the strains exhibiting elevated MICs for tigecycline draws attention to the possible development and spread of resistance to this antibiotic agent amongst Bacteroides strains. The common occurrence of ermF, tetX, tetX1 and tetQ genes together predicted the presence of the CTnDOT-like Bacteroides conjugative transposon in this collection of Bacteroides strains.     

INDIRECT PARASYMPATHOMIMETIC ACTIVITY OF THE CLASS III ANTIARRHYTHMIC SUBSTANCE / -SOTALOLIN VITRO: REVERSIBLE INHIBITION OF CHOLINESTERASE ISOENZYMES FROM BLOOD AND THE HUMAN CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM

Inhibitory effects of the class III antiarrhythmic compound / -sotalol on acetylcholinesterase (AChE; EC 3.1.1.7) isoenzymes of both erythrocytes and the human caudate nucleus and on serum cholinesterase (ChE; EC 3.1.1.8) were studiedin vitrousing a spectrophotometric kinetic assay with acetylthiocholine (ASCh) as substrate. Sotalol concentrations in the assays varied from 0.32 to 3.2m . All isoenzymes studied were inhibited by / -sotalol in a reversible and concentration-dependent manner. Double reciprocal plots of the reaction velocity against varying ASCh concentrations revealed that / -sotalol reduced substrate affinity (apparent Michaelis constant, KM, increased) of serum ChE, but did not change the enzyme's maximal rate of ASCh hydrolysis (V_max). Thus, / -sotalol inhibition of serum ChE was of the competitive type (rate constant for reversible competitive inhibition: K_i=0.51m ). In contrast, / sotalol reduced the maximal reaction velocity of the AChE isoenzyme from the central nervous system (caudate nucleus), but had no influence on substrate affinity of the enzyme (K_Mwith ASCh unchanged) indicating purely non-competitive inhibition kinetics (rate constant of reversible non-competitive inhibition: K_i′=0.44m ). / -sotalol inhibition of erythrocyte AChE was of mixed competitive/non-competitive type (K_i=0.31m , K_i′=0.49m ). Non-competitive / -sotalol inhibition of caudate nucleus AChE and the non-competitive component of erythrocyte AChE inhibition cannot be overcome by increased concentrations of the cholinergic transmitter acetylcholine (ACh). Peak / -sotalol plasma levels as described in the literature for both humans (15μ ) and experimental animals (dogs: 18μ ; rats: 260μ ) as well as maximal myocardial concentrations of the substance (dogs: 46μ ; rats: 478μ ) are in the range of about 2% to 100% of the sotalol inhibition rate constants determined in the present paper for cholinesterase isoenzymesin vitro. Thus, / -sotalol inhibition of ACh hydrolysisin vivomay contribute to both the well known antiarrhythmic potential and proarrhythmic side effects of the compound.     

喙果黑面神化学成分研究

目的研究大戟科植物喙果黑面神(Breynia rostrata Merr.)的化学成分。方法利用硅胶、凝胶等色谱技术分离纯化化学成分,根据化合物的理化性质和光谱数据进行结构鉴定。结果从喙果黑面神的正丁醇萃取部分分离得到4个化合物,分别鉴定为6-O-甲基丙酰基-α-D-吡喃葡糖(6-O-methylpropanoyl-α-D-glucopyranose,1);4″-苯酚基-6-O-甲基丙酰基-β-D-吡喃葡糖苷(4″-phenolic-6-O-methylpropanoyl-β-D-glucopyranoside,2);1-O-没食子酰基-β-D-吡喃葡糖苷(1-O-galloyl-β-D-glucopyranoside,3);熊果苷(arbutin,4)。结论化合物1和2为新化合物,3和4均为首次从该种植物分离得到。     

EFFECTS OF 2-GUANIDINE-4-METHYLQUINAZOLINE ON GASTRIC ACID SECRETION IN RATS

In this study 2-guanidine-4-methylquinazoline (2-GMQ) appeared to decrease basal and stimulated gastric acid secretion, while structurally related compounds as dimethyl- biguanide, cyanoguanidine and 2-cyanoamino-4-methylpyrymidine did not. Thus, there is an antisecretory effect when the biguanide group is associated with a lipophilic structure. The antisecretive effects exerted by 2-GMQ are associated with anti H₂-histamine activity.The anti H₂-histamine nature of the effects of 2-GMQ was confirmed by the capacity of this compound of depressing the chronotropic activity of the isolated guinea pig auricle increased by histamine, as well as relaxant activity in rat uterus contracted by histamine, since both preparations are rich in H₂-histamine receptors.     

栝楼不同药用部位质量控制的研究进展

瓜蒌子、瓜蒌皮、瓜蒌、天花粉来源于栝楼的不同药用部位,4味药材均为常用的大宗药材,现行版《中国药典》对其制定的质量标准过于简单,无法科学合理地控制其质量。本文对瓜蒌子、瓜蒌皮、瓜蒌、天花粉安全性和有效组分的研究进行综述,明确了相关研究存在的问题并针对问题提出建议,为科学全面的药材及饮片标准的制定提供参考依据。     

AMELIORIATION OF CHEMICALLY-INDUCED HEPATOCYTE INJURY BY CYCLOSPORINE A

Cyclosporine A, beside its current applications, possesses potential hepatoprotective effects. This study was directed to investigate the effect of Cyclosporine A pretreatment on hepatic injury due to carbon tetrachloride (CCl₄) and -galactosamine. Rats were injected by two successive doses of Cyclosporine A (5mgkg⁻¹day⁻¹). Six hours after the second dose, 1mlkg⁻¹of CCl₄was administered i.p. Effects associated with Cyclosporine A pretreatment were examined by using isolated hepatocytes and hepatocytes that were immobilized and continuously perfused. -Galactosamine (5m ) was added directly to the perfusion medium. After isolation, hepatocytes were examined histologically by light and electron microscopy, immobilized and perfused for further metabolic functional activity evaluation. Cyclosporine A pretreatmentin vivoproduced hepatoameliorative effects of various degrees which were statistically significant as manifested by: (1) an increased trypan blue exclusion after CCl₄; (2) an improved ureagenesis after CCl₄; (3) a reduction in the lipid droplets accumulation in the cytoplasm produced by CCl₄administration; (4) well preserved cytoplasmic organelles as mitochondria, endoplasmic reticulum ER, nuclear chromatin structures that were altered by CCl₄; and (5) an increased hepatocytes survival in the agarose gel matrix, reduction of LD leakage and improvement of ureagenesis after -galactosamine addition to the perfusion medium. The beneficial effect of Cyclosporine A pretreatment in modifying hepatotoxicity of chemical insults merits further studies.