新诊断癫痫患者演变为难治性癫痫的发生率及危险因素探讨

目的 调查新诊断癫痫患者中难治性癫痫(Refractory Epilepsy,RE)的发生率,探索早期预测RE的危险因素.方法 以2009年RE新定义为标准,将新诊断癫痫患者分为RE组和非RE组,观察其RE的发生比例;通过单因素和多因素logistic回归分析,比较两组患者的临床特点,探索癫痫患者易发展为RE的预测因素.结果 本研究共收集156例诊断明确、治疗合理的癫痫患者,平均随访5年,其中22例为RE患者,RE发生率为14.10%.单因素1ogistic回归分析显示:部分性发作、多种癫痫发作类型、病程中发作类型改变与RE有关;未发现性别、初次发病年龄、治疗前发作次数、睡眠中发作、隐源性或症状性癫痫、家族史、围产期危险因素史、热性惊厥史、既往脑损伤史、早期智能障碍、脑影像学异常、治疗前及治疗早期EEG异常与RE有关;多因素logistic回归分析显示:部分性癫痫发作(OR=4.13,95%CI 1.54～11.08,P=0.005)、病程中发作类型改变(OR=7.04,95%CI 1.19～41.66,P=0.031)是癫痫患者易发展为RE的预测因素.结论 新诊断癫痫患者演变为RE的机率较低,部分性癫痫发作、病程中发作类型改变的癫痫患者易发展为RE.     

脑炎后癫痫发作相关因素分析

目的 对影响脑炎后癫痫(PEE)发作及难治性PEE的相关因素进行回顾性分析.方法 对1995年1月至2010年12月在我院住院及门诊诊断的237例病毒性脑炎患者进行回顾性研究.以PEE及难治性癫痫为评价指标.分析因素包括:年龄、性别、癫痫发作类型、首次发作出现的时间、间隙期脑电图、神经影像资料、早期激素治疗等.结果 237例患者纳入本研究,平均年龄26.3(15～57)岁,103例患者出现PEE(43.46％),其中67例为部分性发作.PEE出现的相关危险因素:年龄(OR=3.72,95％ CI 2.70 ～ 5.25,P=0.018)、意识障碍(OR=5.37,95％ CI 2.43 ～ 13.03,P=0.012)、皮质受损(OR=11.42,95％ CI 5.94 ～ 31.27,P=0.000)、间隙期脑电图癫痫样放电(0R=18.04,95％CI 7.30～48.38,P=0.000)和急性期抽搐发作(OR=32.68,95％ CI 9.62～97.59,P=0.000)等.难治性癫痫61例,发生的相关因素:部分性发作(OR =4.09,95％ CI 2.14～9.10,P=0.021)、急性期癫痫持续状态(OR=4.48,95％ CI l.89 ～8.07,P=0.017)、间隙期脑电图多灶性棘慢波(0R=5.53,95％ CI 2.91 ～ 10.07,P=0.006)、皮质受损(OR=2.33,95％ CI l.37～7.72,P=0.028)和急性期难以控制的发作(OR =6.17,95％ CI 3.52 ～ 11.34,P=0.001).而早期激素治疗(OR =2.19,95％CI l.11～4.87,P=0.037)和首次发作出现的时间延迟(OR=4.40,95％ CI 3.19～11.62,P=0.014)可以减少难治性癫痫的出现风险.结论 PEE是脑炎后患者常见的并发症,特别是难治性癫痫尤为多见,有多重因素与其具有相关性.     

全面惊厥性癫痫持续状态患者初始治疗失败的相关因素分析

目的 分析成人全面惊厥性癫痫持续状态(generalized convulsive status epilepticus,GCSE)患者初始静脉输注抗癫痫药物(antiepileptic drugs,AEDs)治疗失败的临床与持续脑电图(continuous electroencephalography,cEEG)监测数据,以便制订更加合理的GCSE治疗方案.方法 汇总2007-2012年先后2个随机对照试验患者的相关数据.将患者分为完全控制和癫痫复发两组,进行比较.记录GCSE患者初始治疗后6h内癫痫复发率、cEEG模式及AEDs血药浓度.结果 癫痫复发组病因、治疗前GCSE持续时间、cEEG模式均与完全控制组存在差异,进一步将3个因素引入多因素Logistic回归方程:仅发作间期癫痫性放电(interietal epileptiform discharges,IEDs)和周期性放电(periodic epileptic discharges,PEDs)和(或)非惊厥性发作持续状态(non-convulsive status epilepticus,NCSE)模式与癫痫复发独立相关(分别为OR=5.486,95％ CI1.708～ 17.621;OR=21.056,95％ CI 3.653 ～ 121.371,均P＜O.05),而病毒性脑炎(OR=10.433,95％ CI 3.223～ 33.769,P＜0.05)和GCSE持续时间＞4h(OR=5.381,95％ CI1.918 ～ 15.096,P＜0.05)又与IEDs模式和PEDs和(或)NCSE模式独立相关.结论 GCSE患者经静脉输注AEDs后须进行cEEG监测,并应成为临床医生判断癫痫是否完全终止的重要手段.临床医生应根据这些相关因素对抗癫痫治疗方案进行个体化调整,以减少癫痫复发.     

苯妥英钠、苯巴比妥钠诱导建立难治性癫痫动物模型及其脑组织P糖蛋白表达的研究

目前，全球大约20％～30％的癫痫患者应用一线的抗癫痫药物（antiepileptic drugs，AEDs）无法达到有效的治疗效果，成为难治性癫痫（refractory epilepsy，RE）。难治性癫痫患者致残率高，对社会及家庭造成影响大，因此建立稳定的难治性癫痫动物模型，从中寻找有效的治疗药物已成为广大神经科医生面临的急待解决的问题。近年国内外文献报道，难治性癫痫模型可通过电刺激杏仁核点燃，同时应用一线的AED进行动物筛选建立。     

P糖蛋白与难治性癫痫多药耐药

目前,大约有20%～30%的癫痫患者通过一线的抗癫痫药物(antiepileptic drugs,AEDs)无法达到有效的治疗效果,成为难治性癫痫(refractory epilepsy,RE)。本病的形成是个多因素过程。近年来,对难治性癫痫研究重点集中在其多药耐药(multidrug resistant,MDR)机制上,与肿瘤患者对     

难治性癫(癎)的早期判断

难治性癫痫（intractable epilepsy，IE）是指经系统正规地应用2种以上抗癫痫药物（AEDs）治疗，且药物在体内达到有效浓度，并至少观察2年，发作仍然得不到有效控制。据统计30％癫痫患者经药物治疗后难以得到有效的控制，最终发展为IE。这些患者长期承受着由癫痫发作可能引起的各种并发症的巨大风险和长期无效AEDs治疗带来不必要的药物不良反应和经济损失。     

颅脑损伤后预防应用抗癫痫药物疗效Meta分析

目的 探讨颅脑损伤后应用抗癫痫药(AEDs)预防创伤后癫痫的疗效.方法 广泛检索PubMed、Ovid、Springer、维普、CNKI等数据库,对相关文献进行严格评价,最终纳入的21篇文献通过Meta分析,研究预防应用AEDs对创伤后早期、晚期癫痫是否有作用,研究颅脑损伤类型(外伤、颅脑手术)对预防用药效果的影响及预防用药后患者死亡率等情况.结果 在对预防用药是否有意义评价中,差异有统计学意义(OR=0.66,Z=4.310,P=0.000),故支持给药;在对早期癫痫预防用药效果评价中,差异有统计学意义(OR=0.48,Z=3.980,P=0.000),苯妥英钠组(OR=0.53)比卡马西平组(OR=0.40)对早期癫痫的预防效果更优;在对晚期癫痫预防用药效果评价中,差异没有统计学意义(OR=1.05,Z=0.310,P=0.760);在对不同类型颅脑损伤预防用药效果评价中,都具有应用意义(脑外伤OR=0.48,颅脑手术OR=0.69);在预防用药对死亡率影响比较分析中,对患者的死亡率都没有影响(OR=0.82,Z=0.920,P=0.360).结论 在已研究的药物范围内,颅脑损伤后预防性应用AEDs可使癫痫发病率明显降低;苯妥英钠对早期癫痫的预防效果较好;各类AEDs对晚期癫痫的预防效果差异无统计学意义;在外伤后癫痫和颅脑手术后癫痫患者中预防应用AEDs效果无明显差异;预防应用AEDs后对患者死亡率没有明显影响.

Abstract：

Objective To determine the efficacy ofantiepileptic drugs (AEDs) on prevention of epilepsy after craniocerebral injury. Methods Related articles searched from the databases such as PubMed, Ovid, Springer, VP and CNKI were collected and strictly evaluated; 21 articles were finally selected. Whether pretreatment with AEDs played its role in epilepsy appeared in the early/late stages was discussed with Meta-analysis; the influences of different craniocerebral injury types (resulting from trauma or surgery) on the efficacy of anti-epilepsy prophylaxis, and the mortality rate of the patients performed pretreatment were analyzed with Meta-analysis. Results Pretreatment withAEDs could significantly improve the results (OR=0.66, Z=4.31, P=0.000); pretreatment with AEDs obviously decreased the rate of epilepsy appeared in the early stage (OR=0.48, Z=3.980, P=0.000), but did not statistically decrease the rate of epilepsy appeared in the late stage (OR=1.05, Z=0.310, P=0.760);pretreatment with diphenylhydantoin (OR=0.53) was more effective on epilepsy appeared in the early stage than pretreatment with carbamazepine (OR=0.40). Pretreatment with AEDs was all-effective considering different craniocerebral injury types resulting from trauma (OR=0.48) and surgery (OR=0.69). No significant differences were noted on the mortality rate of patients performed pretreatment and without pretreatment (OR=0.82, Z=0.920, P=0.360). Conclusion The inception rate of epilepsy can be decreased remarkably after anti-epilepsy prophylaxis with AEDs in patients after craniocerebral injury,and diphenylhydantoin has a better effect for epilepsy appeared in the early stage. No reasonable differences between various kinds of AEDs on epilepsy appeared in the late stage are noted. Pretreatment with AEDs enjoys a good result in both post-traumatic brain injury and craniotomy. Pretreatment can not affect the mortality rate of the patients.     

开放性颅脑创伤早期癫痫发作危险因素分析

目的探讨开放性颅脑创伤后早期癫痫发作危险因素,并提出初步预防措施。方法对2006年9月-2009年9月诊断与治疗的91例开放性颅脑创伤患者的临床资料进行单因素及多因素Logistic逐步回归分析,筛选颅脑创伤后早期癫痫发作之危险因素。结果单因素分析显示,年龄（X^2=5．131,P=0．023）、颅脑创伤分型（X^2=6．302,P=0．043）、损伤部位（X^2=12．800,P=0．046）,以及伴发脑挫裂伤（X^2=7．187,P=0．007）、外伤性蛛网膜下隙出血（X^2=11．092,P=0．001）、颅内血肿（X^2=6．555,P=0．010）和凹陷性骨折（X^2=8．463,P=0．043）等项因素与开放性颅脑创伤后早期癫痼发作显著相关。进一步Logistie逐步回归分析,仅年龄（OR=7．719,95％CI=1．129。52．777;P=0．037）、脑挫裂伤（OR=28．590,95％CI=2．241．364．734;P=0．010）、外伤性蛛网膜下隙出血（OR=8．244,95％CI=1．259。53．706;P=O．028）和颅内血肿（OR=24．344,95％CI=2．415．345．395;P=0．007）为危险因素,且以脑挫裂伤危险度相对较高;而与颅脑创伤分型、损伤部位及凹陷性骨折无关。结论开放性颅脑创伤后早期癫痼发作应及时治疗,对合并危险因素的患者应早期给予预防性抗癫痫药物治疗。     

局灶性皮质发育不良所致难治性癫痫的手术预后影响因素分析

目的探讨影响局灶性皮质发育不良（FCD）所致药物难治性癫痫患者手术预后的相关因素。方法回顾性分析2011年6月至2013年d月北京丰台医院癫痫中心一首都医科大学附属北京天坛医院医疗联盟收治的43例药物难治性癫痫患者的临床资料。所有患者均行手术治疗,且术后病理证实为FCD。分析患者的临床发作类型、视频脑电、MRI表现、正电子发射断层显像术（PET）-CT表现、病灶部位、手术切除范围以及术后病理分型。根据Engel分级评估患者的预后。采用单因素分析和多因素Logistic回归分析探讨影响FCD所致药物难治性癫痫患者手术预后的相关因素。结果43例患者术后随访3．8～5．5年,平均（4．3±1．2）年。单因素分析结果显示,部分性发作、PET—CT阳性、病灶位于颞叶以及完全切除病灶的患者预后更佳（均P〈0．05）。多因素Logistic回归分析结果显示,手术切除范围与FCD所致难治性癫痫的手术预后密切相关（OR=6．857,95％CI：1．583—29．707,P=0．010）。结论手术切除范围与FCD所致难治性癫痫患者的手术预后相关。术前临床发作类型、PET-CT表现、病灶部位可能能够作为评估患者手术预后的重要指标。     

维生素B6相关性癫痫进展

正目前癫痫治疗仍以药物为主,近年来临床使用的10余种新一代抗癫痫药物(antiepileptic drugs,AEDs)依然以控制癫痫发作症状为主,癫痫的整体治疗状况并未明显改善,仍有20%～30%的患者无法由AEDs完全控制发作,称为药物难治性癫痫(drug resistant epilepsy,DREP)~([1])。确认病因并给予相应针对性治疗对控制DREP患儿癫痫发作,改善神经发育结局十分重要。当DREP患儿脑核磁共振成像(MRI)未发现结构性病变,脑电图(EEG)未提示单灶性细微病变、     

结节性硬化症患儿癫痫预后的危险因素分析

目的探讨影响结节性硬化症(TSC)患儿进展为难治性癫痫的危险因素。方法根据近1年内有无癫痫发作及药物控制情况,将83例合并癫痫的TSC患儿分为难治性癫痫组和癫痫控制组,比较两组患儿的临床资料、脑电图(EEG)和头颅MRI检查差异,并通过多因素Logistics回归分析确定影响难治性癫痫进展的独立危险因素。结果与癫痫控制组患儿相比,难治性癫痫组患儿中,癫痫首次发作年龄<2岁、新生儿癫痫、智商评分<70、婴儿痉挛史、合并林-戈综合征、自闭症、癫痫持续状态、使用抗癫痫药物≥3种的患儿显著升高。而难治性癫痫组患儿的EEG呈全面型的患儿比例显著高于癫痫控制组,磁共振(MRI)显示皮质结节≥3个的患儿比例也显著高于癫痫控制组(P<0.001)。多因素Logistics回归分析显示癫痫首次发作年龄<2岁(OR=1.243,95%CI:1.114~1.672,P=0.036)、合并自闭症(OR=3.892,95%CI:1.241~9.351,P=0.008)和大脑皮质结节≥3个(OR=1.905,95%CI:1.101~3.288,P=0.021)是影响难治性癫痫的独立危险因素。结论癫痫首发年龄小于2岁、合并自闭症和脑皮质结节数目超过3个是影响TSC患儿难治性癫痫进展的独立危险因素,对于此类TSC患儿应早期采取干预措施以预防或延缓难治性癫痫的进展。     

脑静脉窦血栓形成早发性痫性发作影响因素研究

目的探讨脑静脉窦血栓形成(cerebral venous sinus thrombosis,CVST)患者早发性痫性发作的相关因素。方法选取CVST患者为研究对象,按照发病2周内有无痫性发作分为早发性痫性发作组和对照组进行回顾性分析,收集患者急性期临床表现、影像学、脑电图等临床资料,对可能影响CVST早发性痫性发作的因素进行单因素和多因素分析。结果研究纳入CVST患者64例,其中早发性痫性发作组19例(29.7%),对照组45例(70.3%)。单因素分析显示早发性痫性发作组妊娠期或产褥期(52.6%vs 20.5%,P=0.01)、意识障碍(31.6%vs8.89%,P=0.02)、多脑叶病变(52.6%vs 24.4%,P=0.03)、静脉性脑梗死合并出血(52.6%vs11.1%,P=0.01)、脑电图异常(73.7%vs 46.6%,P=0.01)率均显著高于对照组。Logistic回归分析显示多脑叶病变[比值比(odds ratio,OR)12.89,95%可信区间(confidence interval,CI)2.12~78.41)]、静脉性脑梗死合并出血(OR 12.92,95%CI 1.68~99.25)、脑电图异常(OR 2.19,95%CI 1.07~4.49)是CVST早发性痫性发作的独立危险因素。结论多脑叶病变、静脉性脑梗死合并出血、脑电图异常是CVST早发性痫性发作的独立危险因素。     

When is a postoperative seizure equivalent to “epilepsy recurrence” after epilepsy surgery?

Purpose: Up to one‐half of epilepsy surgery patients will have at least one seizure after surgery. We aim to characterize the prognosis following a first postoperative seizure, and provide criteria allowing early identification of recurrent refractory epilepsy. Methods: Analyzing 915 epilepsy surgery patients operated on between 1990 and 2007, we studied 276 who had ≥1 seizure beyond the immediate postoperative period. The probability of subsequent seizures was calculated using survival analysis. Patients were divided into seizure‐free (no seizures for ≥1 year) and refractory (persistent seizures) and analyzed using multivariate regression analysis. Results: After a first seizure, 50% had a recurrence within 1 month and 77% within a year before the risk slowed down to additional 2–3% increments every two subsequent years. After a second seizure, 50% had a recurrence within 2 weeks, 78% within 2 months, and 83% within 6 months. Having both the first and second seizures within six postoperative months [odds ratio (OR) 4.04; 95% confidence interval (CI) 2.05–8.40; p = 0.0001], an unprovoked initial recurrence (OR 3.92; 95% CI 2.13–7.30; p < 0.0001), and ipsilateral spikes on a 6‐months postoperative electroencephalography (EEG) (OR 2.05; 95% CI 1.10–3.88; p = 0.025) predicted a poorer outcome, with 95% of patients who had all three risk factors becoming refractory. All patients with cryptogenic epilepsy and recurrent seizures developed refractoriness. Discussion: Seizures will recur in most patients who present with their first postoperative event, with one‐third eventually regaining seizure‐freedom. Etiology and early and unprovoked postoperative seizures with epileptiform activity on EEG at six postoperative months may predict recurrent medical refractoriness.     

A controlled clinical trial of cathodal DC polarization in patients with refractory epilepsy

PURPOSE: To study the effects of cathodal DC polarization in patients with refractory epilepsy and malformations of cortical development (MCDs) as indexed by seizure frequency and epileptiform EEG discharges. METHODS: Nineteen patients with MCDs and refractory epilepsy underwent one session of DC polarization (20 min, 1 mA) targeting the epileptogenic focus. The number of epileptiform discharges (EDs) in the EEG and seizures were measured before (baseline), immediately after, and 15 and 30 days after either sham or active DC polarization. Seizure frequency after the treatment was compared with baseline. RESULTS: Active compared with sham DC polarization was associated with a significant reduction in the number of epileptiform discharges [mean ED reduction of -64.3% (95% CI, -122.5% to -6.0%) for the active treatment group and -5.8% (95% CI, -26.8% to 15.2%) for the sham treatment group]. A trend (p = 0.06) was noted for decrease in seizure frequency after active compared with sham treatment [mean seizure frequency decrease of -44.0% (95% CI, -95.0% to 7.1%) for the active treatment group and -11.1% (95% CI, -22.2% to 44.4%) for the sham treatment group]. CONCLUSIONS: This randomized, controlled study shows that cathodal DC polarization does not induce seizures and is well tolerated in patients with refractory epilepsy and MCDs. Furthermore, the results suggest that this technique might have an antiepileptic effect based on clinical and electrophysiological criteria.     

Beyond seizures and medications: normal activity limitations, social support, and mental health in epilepsy

Although seizure control is a critical goal for persons with epilepsy (PWE) from the biomedical perspective, there is growing support for approaches that take into account the effect of epilepsy on the whole person (the biopsychosocial perspective). We hypothesized that PWE who report normal activity limitations due to epilepsy and poor social/emotional support would report poor mental health regardless of whether they report having seizures in the past 3 months or currently taking medication for their epilepsy. In 2005 and 2006, twenty-two states asked about epilepsy in the Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFSS). A set of survey weight-adjusted logistic regression analyses were conducted to examine self-reported poor mental health. Our findings reveal that both normal activity limitations due to epilepsy and poor social/emotional support are significant predictors of reporting poor mental health. After controlling for social support, demographics, comorbidities, and health behaviors we determined that those reporting normal activity limitations due to epilepsy are more likely to report poor mental health (odds ratio [OR] 3.05, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.41-6.58). Similarly, after controlling for the same factors, PWE with poor social/emotional support are more likely to report poor mental health (OR 3.22, 95% CI 1.84-5.61). In contrast, reported seizures in the past 3 months (OR 1.12, 95% CI 0.56-2.25) or current use of medication (OR 0.58, 95% CI 0.30-1.10) were not significantly associated with poor mental health. These population-based findings support the need for clinical approaches that address psychosocial issues in addition to seizure control and treatment.     

Refractory epilepsy in a Chinese population

OBJECTIVES: To investigate the proportion of Chinese patients with intractable seizures and the risk factors leading to refractory epilepsy. METHODS: Consecutive patients over 14 years of age attending a Neurology clinic were evaluated. Patients with epilepsy were classified into two groups according to their seizure control: refractory or seizure-free. Epilepsy was classified as idiopathic as defined by age-related onset and typical electroclinical characteristics, symptomatic if secondary to a structural abnormality and cryptogenic if the cause was unknown. Age, sex, epilepsy syndrome classification, aetiology, presence of mental retardation and the number of drugs used were compared between patients with refractory epilepsy and those in remission. RESULTS: Among 260 adolescent and adult patients with a mean age of 34 years (range 15-79), complete seizure control was achieved in 157 (60%) cases. Multivariate binomial logistic regression analysis showed that patients with mesial temporal sclerosis (OR=7.6, 95% CI 3.53-16.4, p<0.01) and the presence of mental retardation (OR=9.39, 95% CI 3.98-22.12, p<0.01) were more likely to develop pharmacoresistant epilepsy. CONCLUSION: In adults the underlying aetiology is an important factor as to whether patients develop intractable seizures. Poor control was also associated with the presence of mesial temporal sclerosis and mental retardation.     

CAMSAP1L1基因多态性与我国中部地区人群癫痫的相关性分析

目的 探讨我国中部地区汉族人群中CAMSAP1L1基因两个SNP位点rs6660197和rs2292096的多态性与癫痫遗传易感性的关系.方法 采取病例对照研究方法,分别选取157例癫痫患者,其中包括122例良性癫痫伴中央颞区棘波（BECT）和35例难治性癫痫（RE）患儿;选取160例正常体检儿童作为研究对象.利用PCR-RFLP的方法测定两个SNP位点多态性分布,并进行统计分析.结果 在所有患者中SNP位点（rs6660197）的基因型（CC,CT,TT）频率和等位基因C频率与对照组比较差异均有统计学意义（P＜0.05）;SNP位点（rs2292096）的基因型（AA,AG,GG）频率两组比较差异无统计意义（P＞0.05）.SNP位点（rs6660197）与我国中部地区汉族人群BECT的易感性相关（P=0.040）,CC为风险基因型,C等位基因为风险因子,与对照组比较OR =1.584,95％ CI：1.046～2.398,P=0.029.RE患者SNP位点（rs2292096）的基因型与对照组比较差异有统计学意义（P=0.028）,A等位基因为风险因子（OR=2.431,95％CI：1.265～4.134,P=0.010）,等位基因频率明显高于对照组（P=0.010）.结论 CAMSAP1L1基因SNP位点（rs6660197）与BECT的易感性相关,而SNP位点（rs2292096）与RE的易感性相关.     

Epilepsy prevalence in a rural area in Istanbul.

This study is a field study with cross-section and case control conducted in the Kucukcekmece Region of Istanbul between June 1999 and February 2000. Four hundred and ninety three dwellings selected by a simple random sampling method were visited. From a population of 2187, 58 people, after filling in a questionnaire were suspected to have epilepsy. Following an interview, neurological examination and an electroencephalogram (EEG) 17 were diagnosed as having epilepsy. Lifetime epilepsy prevalence was 0.8%. 41.2% of the 17 epilepsy cases had partial epilepsy ( n= 7), 47.0% had generalized (n = 8) and in 11.8% seizures could not be classified ( n= 2). The risk factors for epilepsy in the control group ( n= 125) from the same region and those with epilepsy were investigated by means of logistic regression analyses. Educational status (odds ratio : 1.82, 95% confidence interval : 1.13-2.94; P= 0.01), profession (OR : 0.76, 95% CI : 0.60-0.97; P= 0.03), history of epilepsy in the family (OR : 0.67, 95% CI : 0.47-0.94; P= 0.02) were determined to be correlated with epilepsy. The results have drawn attention to the fact that individuals should be informed about epilepsy.     

难治性癫痫持续状态患者的脑电图特征

目的 探究难治性癫痫持续状态(RSE)患者的脑电图(EEG)特征.方法 将60例全面惊厥性癫痫持续状态(GCSE)患者根据抗癫痫药物(AEDs)疗效分为RSE和非难治性癫痫持续状态(NRSE),比较两组患者EEG模式的差异.结果 所有患者中,与NRSE组比较,RSE组患者发作期EEG呈持续性放电比例更高,差异具有统计学意义(OR=5.44,95%CI=1.24~23.96,P=0.04).50例EGG呈间歇性演变的患者中,与NRSE组比较,RSE组患者发作间歇期EEG呈周期性放电与痫样放电的比例较高,差异有统计学意义(OR=29.75,4.12;95%CI=3.19~277.32,1.09~15.58;P<0.05);而RSE组患者发作后EEG为正常模式的比例较低,差异具有统计学意义(OR=0.11,95%CI=0.01~0.91,P=0.04).结论 GCSE患者如EEG出现持续性放电、周期性放电、发作间期痫样放电,应引起临床的高度重视,给以强化抗惊厥治疗.     

常德市汉族居民颈动脉粥样硬化斑块稳定性的相关因素分析

目的探讨影响常德市汉族居民颈动脉粥样硬化(CAS)斑块稳定性的相关因素。方法回顾性分析2014年1月至2014年12月期间在常德市第一人民医院门诊部就诊和体检中心进行体检的符合入组标准的对象794例,将入组对象分为稳定斑块组(353例)和不稳定斑块组(441例)。收集一般资料及生化检测结果。根据颈部血管彩色多普勒检查结果,对两组资料进行比较分析。结果单因素分析显示,两组在高血压、糖尿病、吸烟、年龄、总胆固醇(TC)、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(LDL-C)、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(HDL-C)、纤维蛋白原(FIB)、C-反应蛋白(CRP)和同型半胱氨酸(Hcy)指标上差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。多因素Logistic回归分析显示,糖尿病(OR=3.115,95%CI:2.163~4.487,P=0.000)、高血压(OR=1.991,95%CI:1.429~2.772,P=0.000)、吸烟(OR=1.372,95%CI:1.001~1.879,P=0.049)、LDL-C(OR=1.308,95%CI:1.084~1.578,P=0.005)、FIB(OR=1.291,95%CI:1.055~1.580,P=0.013)、TC(OR=1.216,95%CI:1.001~1.477,P=0.049)、年龄(OR=1.033,95%CI:1.017~1.048,P=0.000)和Hcy(OR=1.031,95%CI:1.009~1.053,P=0.006)是CAS不稳定斑块形成的危险因素,差异具有统计学意义(P0.05)。HDL-C(OR=0.447,95%CI:0.270~0.740,P=0.002)是CAS不稳定斑块形成的保护因素,差异具有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论糖尿病、高血压、吸烟、LDL-C、FIB、TC、Hcy和年龄是常德市汉族居民CAS不稳定斑块的危险因素,HDL-C是常德市汉族居民CAS斑块稳定性的保护因素。