脑膜瘤的DSA及术前栓塞治疗

目的探讨脑膜瘤血管造影表现及手术前栓塞治疗的应用。方法36例经病理确诊的脑膜瘤,术前全部行全脑血管DSA造影,将其中主要由颈外动脉供血的22例患者用PVA栓塞,栓塞治疗后3～10d行手术切除。结果36例患者中,单纯由颈外动脉供血的9例,颈外动脉和颈内动脉供血的25例,颈内动脉供血2例。22例行肿瘤供血动脉栓塞的患者中,栓塞后肿瘤血管染色完全消失16例,染色明显减轻6例。栓塞后行手术切除的22例脑膜瘤患者,病灶被全部切除,术中平均出血150～500ml。结论脑膜瘤可由颈内、颈外动脉单独或混合供血,脑膜瘤的术前颈外动脉栓塞有利于减少术中出血及肿瘤的完整切除。     

术前超选择性栓塞高血运脑膜瘤的临床意义

目的　探讨术前超选择性血管内栓塞对高血运脑膜瘤的疗效和临床意义。方法　在术前3～ 9d ,对 98例高血运脑膜瘤行DSA检查和微导管超选择栓塞肿瘤供血动脉 ,栓塞材料包括PVA颗粒、明胶海绵和真丝线段等。栓塞后行手术切除肿瘤。结果　高血运脑膜瘤主要由脑膜中动脉、咽升动脉、枕动脉、颌内动脉及副脑膜动脉供血。栓塞后 ,4 2例肿瘤染色在影像学上完全消失 ,5 6例肿瘤染色大部分或部分消失。绝大部分患者均在栓塞后的 3～ 9d进行了开颅手术切除肿瘤。全切除肿瘤 6 4例 ,术中平均出血 95 0ml;次全切除 34例 ,术中平均出血 15 0 0ml。结论　最佳手术时机是栓塞后 7～ 9d。高血运脑膜瘤的术前栓塞能明显减少术中出血 ,提高手术安全性及全切率 ,是一种安全、有效的微创方法。     

术前栓塞在颅底脑膜瘤手术中的价值

目的 回顾42例颅底脑膜瘤施行术前栓塞治疗效果.方法 对42例颅底脑膜瘤行数字减影血管造影术检查并选择性栓塞肿瘤供血动脉,栓塞的材料包括明胶海绵和聚乙烯醇颗粒.栓塞后3～7 d行手术切除肿瘤.结果 单纯的颈外动脉供血(Ⅰ型)7例,颈内外动脉联合供血者(Ⅱ Ⅲ型)35例.肿瘤全切除24 例,大部切除13例,部分切除5例,无栓塞相关并发症.结论 颅底脑膜瘤的术前栓塞能明显减少术中出血,缩短手术时间,提高手术安全性及全切率.     

52例蝶骨嵴脑膜瘤的DSA分析及术前栓塞

目的探讨蝶骨嵴脑膜瘤血液供应的特点及其术前栓塞对手术切除的意义.方法52例蝶骨嵴脑膜瘤患者中,发生于右侧者31例,左侧者21例;52例患者全部行DSA造影,30例患者行颈外系统供血动脉栓塞治疗,栓塞治疗后5～7 d行手术切除.结果 (1)脑膜瘤的占位改变可导致邻近周围脑血管的异常改变.(2)52例患者中,单纯由颈外动脉系统分支供血的有11例,颈外动脉分支和颈内动脉分支双重供血的29例,单纯由颈内动脉系统供血的12例.(3)30例行肿瘤供血动脉栓塞的患者中,25例采用明胶海绵颗粒栓塞,5例采用丝线栓塞.栓塞的颈外供血动脉主要为脑膜中动脉18例,脑膜中动脉与脑膜副动脉同时被栓塞者10例.栓塞后肿瘤染色明显减轻者20例,染色消失者5例,肿瘤染色减轻不明显者5例.(4)栓塞后行手术切除的30例患者中,24例被完整切除,而未行栓塞的22例患者中,仅10例被全切除,二者统计学上差异具有显著性意义(χ2=3.86,P<0.05).结论蝶骨嵴脑膜瘤的术前造影和栓塞有利于肿瘤的完整切除.     

富血供巨大脑膜瘤术前栓塞的临床应用

目的评价经动脉栓塞术（TAE）对巨大富血供脑膜瘤术前栓塞的临床意义。方法 32例巨大富血供脑膜瘤患者（男性18例,女性14例,年龄38～65岁,平均56.5岁）为确认肿瘤供血动脉,先经选择性血管造影（DSA）,随后又经术前TAE。全部TAE操作是采用Seldinger技术将150～300μm的聚乙烯醇（PVA）微粒或海藻酸钠（KMG）微球超选择地注入病灶血管床及供血动脉完成。对全部患者获自DSA与TAE的资料进行了回顾性分析。结果 DSA证实,在32例脑膜瘤患者的肿瘤供血动脉中,主要为颈外动脉分支供血者见于22例,颈内、外动脉供血各占50%者6例,颈内动脉供血者占90%以上者4例;脑膜瘤供血动脉大部分栓塞者15例,部分栓塞10例,未栓塞7例。在肿瘤大部分栓塞患者的切除术中,出血量明显减少,手术时间显著缩短,肿瘤易被彻底切除。未发生与栓塞操作有关的严重并发症。结论脑膜瘤术前介入栓塞能减少术中出血,降低手术难度,可作为富血供脑膜瘤切除术前的一项重要的、常规性辅助措施。     

劲外动脉供血范围肿瘤的栓塞治疗

目的：经选择和超选择性肿瘤供血动脉的栓塞而达到治疗效果。材料和方法：３２例颈外动脉供血范围的肿瘤经栓塞治疗。这些病例主要包括脑膜瘤以及鼻咽血管纤维瘤。首先进行肿瘤瘤巢和肿瘤供血动脉的栓塞，然后手术切除。结果：肿瘤血供阻断，手术失血量明显减少，某些肿瘤瘤体缩小，甚至达到长期治疗效果。结论：颈外动脉供血范围肿瘤的栓塞治疗是一种行之有效的方法。     

肾上腺嗜铬细胞瘤术前栓塞的临床应用价值

目的:探讨经导管行肾上腺嗜铬细胞瘤供血动脉术前栓塞在手术切除肾上腺嗜铬细胞瘤中的价值。方法:10例经CT及MRI检查诊断为肾上腺嗜铬细胞瘤患者,手术切除前均在局麻下经导管行肿瘤动脉碘化油及明胶海绵条栓塞。栓塞后均行手术切除肿瘤。结果:导管均到达供血动脉,注入适量碘化油及明胶海绵条,肿瘤血管和肿瘤染色基本消失;10例栓塞术后于7~14日均顺利实施肿瘤手术切除。与既往未栓塞的病例相比较,术前行栓塞的病例手术时肿瘤界限清楚,术中出血减少,不易误伤邻近正常结构,手术时间缩短。结论:术前栓塞对肾上腺嗜铬细胞瘤手术切除更为容易,临近正常结构不易损伤,手术时间缩短,术中出血明显减少,减少并发症的发生。     

中枢神经系统血管母细胞瘤术前栓塞

目的 探讨术前栓塞对中枢神经系统血管母细胞瘤手术切除的作用。方法 11例经CT、MRI及DSA检查诊断为中枢神经系统血管母细胞瘤患者，8例病变位于小脑，1例位于延髓，2例位于脊髓胸段内。手术切除前均在局麻下经微导管行供血动脉PVA颗粒栓塞。栓塞后均行手术切除肿瘤。结果 微导管均到达供血动脉，注入适量直径为250～350μmPVA颗粒后，6例完全栓塞，肿瘤血管和肿瘤染色完全消失；5例大部栓塞，肿瘤血管和肿瘤染色仅存小部分。11例栓塞后均顺利实施肿瘤手术切除。与既往未栓塞的病例相比较，行术前栓塞的病例手术时肿瘤界限清楚，术中出血减少，手术视野清晰，不易误伤邻近正常结构，容易分块切除，手术时间缩短，6例完全栓塞者表现尤为显著。11例手术均未出现并发症。结论 术前栓塞对血管母细胞瘤手术切除可使肿瘤切除更为容易，临近正常结构不易损伤，手术时间缩短，术中出血明显减少，手术并发症及病死率降低。     

颈静脉球瘤的DSA表现及术前栓塞治疗

目的：分析颈静脉球瘤的ＤＳＡ表现，评价栓塞治疗的作用。材料和方法：患者５例（男性３例，女性２例）。采用Ｓｅｌｄｉｎｇｅｒ技术，行超选择性动脉插管并造影；栓塞剂采用明胶海绵颗粒和／或真丝线段，分次缓慢注入栓塞材料，栓塞过程中监测肿瘤血管及供血动脉闭塞情况。结果：５例颈静脉球瘤。ＤＳＡ动脉期表现为颈静脉孔、乳突区或后颅凹大片血管团块影，其间血管婉蜒迂曲，颈外动脉之咽升动脉、耳后动脉、枕动脉为主要供血动脉，颈内动脉脑膜垂体干、椎动脉之脑膜支、小脑后、前动脉可参与供血。实质期肿瘤呈湖状、巢状染色。静脉期２例肿瘤较大者见粗大的引流静脉丛向下引流至颈内静脉。栓塞后肿瘤的供血动脉大多被栓塞，肿瘤染色明显减少或消失。栓塞术后７天内行手术，肿瘤完全或大部分切除。结论：ＤＳＡ是显示颈静脉球瘤供血动脉的最佳方法，根据ＤＳＡ表现，可以准确确定肿瘤的位置和侵犯范围。术前栓塞为手术切除提供了良好条件。     

巨型富血供脑膜瘤术前栓塞的临床应用

目的 探讨巨型富血供脑膜瘤术前栓塞的的临床应用价值.方法 选择2013年4月至2014年8月收治的71例巨大脑膜瘤(最大径＞5 cm)患者,术前MRI提示均强化明显,血供丰富,分成术前栓塞组(研究组)38例和未栓塞(对照组)33例,术前DSA造影确定血供分型为Ⅰ及Ⅱ型脑膜瘤,研究组予以PAV颗粒(200～300μm)栓塞,对照组仅行脑血管造影,未予以栓塞,观察两组术中出血、肿瘤切除时间及栓塞并发症情况;术后复查MRI观察切除程度.结果 研究组及对照组术中出血量(ml)(562±178)比(833±234)、肿瘤切除时间(h)(5.45±2.13)比(7.23±2.45)、肿瘤切除程度Simpson分级(Ⅲ及Ⅲ以下)27例(27/38,71％)比19例(19/33,57.6％),P＜0.05,差异均有统计学意义,7例出现栓塞后脑水肿加重,2例出现头皮缺血性坏死,1例出现术中癫痫发作,对症治疗后均缓解.结论 巨型富血供脑膜瘤术前栓塞可以明显减少术中出血、缩短手术时间,提高脑膜瘤的切除程度,值得在临床推广及应用.     

Knee injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS) - validation of a Swedish version

The Knee injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS) is a self-administered instrument measuring outcome after knee injury at impairment, disability, and handicap level in five subscales. Reliability, validity, and responsiveness of a Swedish version was assessed in 142 patients who underwent arthroscopy because of injury to the menisci, anterior cruciate ligament, or cartilage of the knee. The clinimetric properties were found to be good and comparable to the American version of the KOOS. Comparison to the Short Form-36 and the Lysholm knee scoring scale revealed expected correlations and construct validity. Item by item, symptoms and functional limitations were compared between diagnostic groups. High responsiveness was found three months after arthroscopic partial meniscectomy for all subscales but Activities of Daily Living.     

Endovascular management of carotid-cavernous fistulas

Objective To investigate endovascular treatment of traumatic direct carotid-cavernous fistulas （CCF） and their complications such as pseudoaneurysms. Methods： Over a five-year period, 22 patients with traumatic direct CCFs were treated endovascularly in our institution. Thirteen patients were treated once with the result of CCF occluded, 8 twice and 1 three times. Treatment modalities included balloon occlusion of the CCF, sacrifice of the ipsilateral internal carotid artery with detachable balloon, coll embolization of the cavernous sinus and secondary pseudoaneurysms, and covered-stem management of the pseudoaneurysms. Results All the direct CCFs were successfully managed endovascularly. Four patients developed a pseudoaneurysm after the occlusion of the CCF with an incidence of pseudoaneurysm formation of 18.2% （4/22）. A total number of 8 patients experienced permanent occlusion of the ICA with a rate of ICA occlusion reaching 36.4% （8/22）. Followed up through telephone consultation from 6 months to 5 years, all did well with no recurrence of CCF symptoms and signs. Conclusion Traumatic direct CCFs can be successfully managed with endovascular means. The pseudoaneurysms secondary to the occlusion of the CCFs can be occluded with stent-assisted coiling and implantation of covered stents.     

The acutely limping child

Acute limping may be the result of multiple pathologies in children. The differential diagnosis varies based on the age of the child. Irrespective of age, the initial imaging work-up includes AP and frog leg radiographs of the pelvis and ultrasound; MRI may sometimes be helpful. In children less than 3 years, infections and trauma are most frequent. MRI is the imaging modality of choice when osteomyelitis is clinically suspected. Between the ages of 3 and 10 years, transient synovitis of the hip and Legg-Calvé-Perthes disease are main considerations but infection, inflammation and focal bony lesions are also considered. In children over 10 years, slipped capital femoral epiphysis also is considered.     

The role of interventional radiology in trauma

Introduction Interventional Radiology has evolved into a specialty having enormous input into the care of the traumatized patient.In all hospitals,regardless of size,the Interventional Radiologist must consider their relationships with the trauma service in order to     

人体中的镭-226、镭-228、钋-210、铅-210

本文报道了广东阳江高本底地区6名、对照地区8名人尸体的骨²²⁶Ra、²²⁶Ra的浓度以及部分居民内脏器官中。²¹⁰Po、²¹⁰Pb的浓度。结果轰明阳江高本底地区和对照地区居民骨镭-226、镭-228的浓度分别为29.9pCi/kg, 26.9pCi/kgl 8.7pCi/kg, 8.2pCi/kg.由此估算出阳江高本底地区屠民骨中²²⁶Ra、²²⁸Ra的负薄璧及对骨衬、骨髓所产生的剂量当量分别为对照地区民民的3.4倍, 3.3倍。两地区居民内脏器官中^{210Po、210Pb的测定分析铡数较少但仍看出, 高本底地区均明显高于对照地区.}     

Do Balance Board Training Programs Reduce the Risk of Ankle Sprains in Athletes?

Introduction Ankle sprains are the most common musculo-skeletal injury that occurs in athletes,particularly in sports that require jumping and landing on one foot such as soccer,and basketball(1-4).These injuries often result in significant time loss from participation,long-term disability,and have a major impact on health care costs and resources(5-8).