大龄儿童发育性髋关节脱位的手术治疗

目的 总结不同手术方法治疗大龄儿童发育性髋关节脱位的疗效.方法 1985年至2005年期间分别采用Salter截骨术、Pemberton截骨术和髋臼造盖成形术治疗6～15岁发育性髋关节脱位患儿56例(62髋).结果 31例(33髋)获平均8.5年(2.5～15年)随访,根据周永德疗效评定标准,优17髋、良11髋、中2髋、差3髋,总优良率为85%.Salter骨盆截骨术组优良率为87%;Pemberton截骨术组优良率为83%,1例股骨头坏死;髋臼造盖成形术组优良率为85%,1例股骨头坏死,1例严重髋关节僵硬;同时行股骨粗隆下截骨的22例(23髋)中无一例发生股骨头坏死和术后脱位.结论 正确选择术式是大龄儿童发育性髋关节脱位获得良好疗效的关键,术式的选择主要根据病理变化和年龄.股骨粗隆下截骨能有效降低头臼压力,减少股骨头坏死和再脱位发生率.     

髋臼成形联合股骨近端截骨治疗发育性髋关节脱位

目的探讨髋臼成形联合股骨近端短缩旋转内翻截骨术治疗儿童发育性髋关节脱位的临床效果。方法2012年1月至2014年6月我院应用髋臼成形联合股骨近端短缩旋转内翻截骨术治疗儿童发育性髋关节脱位65例(87髋)。术后应用改良的Mckay评定标准和Severin评定标准分别对髋关节功能和影像学资料进行评估。结果术后随访1~3年,按Mckay评定标准,优良率为95.4%;按Severin评定标准,优良率为93.1%。结论髋臼成形联合股骨近端短缩旋转内翻截骨术是一种良好的治疗方法。     

大龄难治性发育性髋关节脱位的联合手术治疗

目的探讨大龄儿童发育性髋关节脱位的手术方法及临床效果。方法对16例7～16岁大龄发育性髋关节脱位患儿(18髋)采用"切开复位+股骨转子下缩短旋转截骨+骨盆内移旋转截骨+髋臼成形"的联合手术治疗。结果术后2个月摄片复查髋关节复位位置好,股骨头及髋臼形态基本正常。骨盆截骨植入骨块及股骨缩短旋转截骨断端已骨性愈合。髋臼骨质与周围骨质密度基本一致,无坏死征象。患儿均获随访,时间1～7年。按疗效评定标准:优11髋,良6髋,差1髋。结论联合手术是治疗大龄发育性髋关节脱位较有效的方法。     

大龄儿童先天性髋关节脱位手术及术后并发症预防

目的提高大龄儿童先天性髋关节脱位手术并发症认识及预防。方法术前行皮牵引或胫骨结节牵引，术中行股骨上段截骨去旋转，髋臼成形造盖纠正髋脱位的全部畸形。结果术后随访2～4年，本组评分：优20髋，良4髋，差2髋。结论术前牵引，术中股骨上段截骨短缩及去旋转，髋臼成形造盖，术后早期正确指导锻炼，对于大龄儿童先天性髋关节脱位，Pemberton手术应作为首选。     

Pemberton手术加短缩截骨治疗大龄发育性髋脱位临床分析

[目的]应用Pemberton截骨术加股骨近端粗隆下短缩旋转截骨为主多种辅助手段一期手术治疗大龄发育性髋脱位,评估术后髋脱位股骨头坏死和关节僵硬的发生率.[方法]自2002年6月～2006年12月用Pemberton截骨术加股骨粗隆下短缩旋转截骨为主多种辅助手段治疗大龄(7～14岁)发育性髋脱位149例,随访到101例(136髋),随访1年2个月～5年6个月,平均2年7个月.辅助手段包括:(1)术中髂腰机及内收肌切断;(2)单髋人字石膏制动;(3)术后4～6周拆石膏住院CPM活动髋关节加主动功能锻炼;(4)髋关节早活动晚负重.[结果]术后髋关节脱位16髋,占11.76%.按照Salter提出的股骨头坏死的诊断标准,136髋中股骨头坏死38髋占27.94%.髋关节屈曲少于90°者31髋占22.79%.[结论]Pemberton髋臼周围截骨结合股骨粗隆下短缩截骨一期手术治疗大龄发育性髋脱位,疗效可靠,降低了术后再脱位、股骨头坏死率及髋关节僵硬等并发症的发生率.     

骨盆Salter截骨联合股骨截骨治疗儿童发育性髋脱位

目的评估骨盆Salter截骨联合股骨截骨治疗儿童发育性髋脱位的疗效。方法采用切开复位骨盆Salter截骨联合股骨短缩内翻去旋转截骨治疗52例发育性髋脱位患儿(58髋)。术后2年根据Severin影像学标准和McKay功能标准进行疗效评定。结果患儿均获得随访,时间25～80个月。术后2年,根据Severin影像学标准评价疗效:优36例,良15例,可4髋,差3髋;根据McKay功能标准评价疗效:优41髋,良14髋,可3髋。结论应用切开复位骨盆Salter截骨联合股骨截骨可以有效治疗儿童发育性髋关节脱位,但仍存在术后股骨头坏死情况,术前正确评估和手术精准操作是预防并发症的关键。     

联合截骨术治疗学龄前儿童髋关节发育不良

目的 探讨股骨粗隆下短缩、旋转截骨联合Salter骨盆截骨术治疗学龄前儿重髋关节发育不良（DDH）的疗效.方法 2006年1月至2012年6月,对22例（22髋）学龄前儿童DDH患者施行股骨粗隆下短缩、旋转截骨联合Salter骨盆截骨手术.根据Crowe分型,6例为Ⅲ型,16例为Ⅳ型.采用周永德等DDH疗效评定标准对术后疗效进行评价.结果 22例（22髋）术后随访6～24个月,平均14个月.所有患者术后切口无感染,无神经、血管损伤,无一例发生股骨头坏死及术后脱位,无髋关节疼痛.根据周永德等DDH疗效评定标准,优16例,良4例,可2例,优良率为90.9％.结论 股骨粗隆下短缩、旋转截骨联合髋关节切开复位、Salter骨盆截骨术治疗学龄前儿童DDH,可有效重建髋关节功能,是一种理想的治疗方法.     

Pemberton髋臼成形术治疗发育性髋关节脱位

目的：探讨分析Pemberton髋臼成形术在发育性髋脱位的治疗上具有哪些优势。方法：采用Pemberton髋臼成形术治疗儿童发育性髋脱位106例116髋,男19例29髋,女87例87髋。左侧46髋,右侧50髋,双侧20髋。年龄18个月～13岁,平均7岁3个月,其中18个月～6岁99髋,7～13岁17髋。116髋均采用Pemberton髋臼成形术或内收肌、髂腰肌切断加Pemberton髋臼成形术加转子下股骨短缩、旋转截骨术。95髋单纯行Pemberton髋臼成形术,余21髋行全套手术。双侧髋脱位患儿均先做一侧,1年后再做另一侧,同时将第1次手术股骨内固定钢板取除。结果：病例随访时间2～10年,平均6年。按照Mullerh和Seddon标准进行功能评定,优67髋,良34髋,可10髋,差5髋,优良率87%。结论：Pemberton髋臼成形术适用于多个年龄段的儿童发育性髋脱位患者,疗效肯定,在发育性髋脱位的治疗中占有重要地位。     

髋臼造盖股骨粗隆下旋转截骨术矫正髋部畸形的疗效分析

目的 探讨髋部畸形功能障碍患者行髋臼造盖股骨粗隆下旋转截骨术的疗效.方法 对7例陈旧性股骨粗隆间骨折畸形愈合,颈干角增大或变小(右侧5例,髋外翻,颈干角＞145°;左侧2例,髋内翻,颈干角＜110°)行粗隆下旋转截骨术;另外2例陈旧性髋关节脱位伴股骨上端畸形行髋臼造盖股骨粗隆下旋转截骨术.结果 术后随访2～4年,2例髋...     

Pemberton截骨联合股骨截骨治疗高位脱位型发育性髋关节脱位

目的 探讨高位脱位型发育性髋关节脱位(DDH)手术治疗的体会.方法 65例高位脱位型DDFI,测量髋臼指数、股骨颈前倾角,手术行Pemberton髂骨截骨、股骨粗隆下短缩旋转截骨.结果 髋关节脱位完全复位,髋臼指数恢复到平均21以下,股骨颈前倾角恢复到平均15.1.术后早期获得满意头臼对位,髋关节功能恢复良好.术后3个月以上出现髋关节半脱位和脱位5例,术后1年出现股骨头坏死3例.结论 高位脱位型DDH采取手术综合治疗可取得良好的效果.     

Long-term management results of Pemberton's ilium osteotomy in combination with inter-trochanter derotation-varisation osteotomy in hip dysplasia of childhood

AIM: The aim of the present study was to obtain long-term functional and radiographic results after a pericapsular osteotomy of the ilium (Pemberton) and a simultaneously performed derotation-varisation osteotomy of the proximal femur in children with developmental dysplasia of the hip (DDH) after the end of the maturity process. METHOD: The clinical results and x-ray measurements of 79 patients with 100 operated hips were analysed. The average follow-up time after surgery was 14 years and 7 months (range: 10.4 to 19.5 years). The indication for operation was determined using the acetabular angle of more than two standard deviations. RESULTS: The clinical investigation shows that 85 % of the operated patients had no functional limitations. 14 % of the patients had minor limitations and 1 % had major limitations in their hip movement. No patient suffered constant hip pain; 62 % had no pain even after long walking; 32 % had pain after walking for more than an hour; 6 % complained of hip pain after walking for less than an hour. The radiological measurements show that 95.9 % of the patients had normal or mildly pathological ACM angle scores, and 92.8 % had normal or mildly pathological CE angle scores. CONCLUSION: Surgical treatment of residual hip dysplasia by simultaneously performed pericapsular ilium and proximal femur osteotomy is very effective. Although a radiographically almost normal acetabulum could be documented in patients after the end of the maturity process, revalgisation of the proximal femur occurred. With an appropriate acetabular correction additional osteotomy of the femur might therefore be unnecessary.     

骨盆Salter截骨治疗发育性髋关节脱位术后渐发脱位的原因分析

目的探讨骨盆Salter截骨治疗发育性髋关节脱位术后渐发脱位的原因。方法采用骨盆Salter截骨治疗63例儿童发育性髋关节脱位。7例术后发生渐发脱位,分析其发生原因。结果患儿均获得随访,时间12~89个月。术后发生渐发脱位7例中,3例因术后关节囊松弛,不能有效维持关节稳定性,通过佩带髋外展支具后髋关节恢复稳定;2例因术中骨盆截骨旋转角度过大,髋臼后方包容欠佳,术后髋臼软骨发育不良,再次行骨盆Pemberton截骨关节囊紧缩修复矫正;2例因术前合并多关节松弛症,关节稳定性相对较差,术后并发Perthes病行髋臼周围截骨手术矫正治疗。结论儿童发育性髋关节脱位术后渐发脱位与患者自身合并疾病、髋关节病变程度、手术操作等因素均有密切关系,准确的术前评估、适合的手术方式、精确的手术操作、术后早期干预治疗是防治术后渐发脱位的有效方法。     

Risk factors for acetabular retroversion in developmental dysplasia of the hip: does the Pemberton osteotomy contribute?

BackgroundThe purpose of this study was to investigate residual acetabular retroversion after skeletal maturity in patients with Pemberton osteotomy.Patients and methodsWe compared 40 hips in 36 patients treated with a Pemberton osteotomy (Pemberton group) and 30 hips in 26 patients treated only with a Pavlik harness (Rb group) for developmental dysplasia of the hip. The average age at operation in the Pemberton group was 94.5 months and the follow-up duration was 151.8 months. Radiographic parameters included the acetabular index (a angle) and the center-edge angle of Wiberg, preoperatively and at skeletal maturity. We examined the crossover sign (COS) at the latest follow-up as a sign of acetabular retroversion (AR). We compared the parameters between the two groups and examined the risk factors for acetabular retroversion using a multivariate Cox model.ResultA COS (+) was significantly more frequent in the Pemberton group compared to the Rb group [15 hips (37.5 %) vs 3 hips (10 %); p = 0.0077]. In the Pemberton group, the average age at operation in COS (+) hips was significantly older than that in COS (—) hips (126.9 vs 72.8 months; p = 0.0005). The preoperative α angle did not vary between hips with and without COS; however, the postoperative α angle was significantly smaller in COS (+) hips. A multiple logistic regression analysis for prediction of COS (+) showed that the age at operation and the amount change of α angle were significant predictors for COS (+) hips. The cut-off of the age at operation was 7 years and 9 months old.ConclusionsAR was present in 37.5 % of the hips in the Pemberton group after skeletal maturity. Remodeling of acetabular version was observed in younger patients; however, hips in older patients (> 8 years) at the time of operation and greater degrees of correction tended to result in AR.     

应用改良Pemberton骨盆截骨术治疗6岁以上发育性髋关节发育不良患儿的中期随访结果

目的 探讨应用改良Pemberton骨盆截骨术治疗6岁以上发育性髋关节发育不良(DDH)患儿的中期疗效.方法 对2001年1月至2017年12月内蒙古医科大学第二附属医院小儿骨科采用改良Pemberton骨盆截骨术联合或不联合股骨转子下旋转短缩截骨术一期手术治疗的DDH患儿60例(74髋)的临床资料进行回顾性分析.其中...     

髂臼成形骨盆截骨术治疗幼儿发育性髋脱位的疗效

目的探讨髂臼成形(Pemberton)骨盆截骨术治疗幼儿发育性髋脱位(DDH)的疗效。方法对54例DDH患儿采用Pemberton骨盆截骨术治疗。记录临床随访结果和髋关节解剖结构参数。末次随访时,采用Mckay评估标准评价髋关节功能,采用Severin标准评价髋关节形态和复位情况。结果单侧DDH患儿均获得9个月随访;双侧DDH患儿先手术侧获15~18个月随访,后手术侧获9个月随访。术后3个月,患儿股骨、髋臼截骨处均愈合,无重要血管神经损伤、截骨处明显感染等并发症发生。术后6个月、末次随访时髋关节各解剖结构参数均较术前改善明显(P<0.05);与术后6个月相比,末次随访时,骨性髋臼指数(AI)和髋臼深度逐渐增大(P<0.05),中心边缘角(CE角)、髋臼顶宽度和Reimers不稳定指数逐渐减小(P<0.05),髋关节各解剖结构参数已逐步接近同龄正常儿童。末次随访时,单侧DDH患儿患侧的髋臼顶宽度、臼头指数均明显高于健侧(P<0.05),AI、CE角、髋臼深度患侧与健侧比较差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。末次随访时,4例髋臼Y形软骨已闭合,其中1例Y形软骨早闭;采用Mckay评估标准评价髋关节功能的优良率为86.67%;采用Severin标准评价髋关节形态和复位情况的优良率为83.33%。结论Pemberton骨盆截骨术可以有效纠正DDH,修复髋关节功能,促进骨骺生长及患儿康复,效果显著。     

Surgical results of developmental dysplasia of the hip in older children based on using three-dimensional computed tomography

Background

The surgical management of developmental dysplasia of the hip (DDH) in older children has been the subject of controversy. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the outcome in patients with neglected DDH who underwent individual procedures based on using three-dimensional computed tomography.

Methods

Forty-seven patients (59 hips) were treated using Pemberton osteotomy or Dega plus Pemberton osteotomy. Subtrochanteric transverse femoral shortening and derotation osteotomy were performed for all patients. The average age at the time of surgery was 10.5 y for group 1 (bilateral dislocation, 24 hips) and 11.2 y for group 2 (unilateral dislocation, 35 hips). Mean follow-up was 5.3 y for group 1 and 5.8 y for group 2.

Results

At the end of follow-up, 13 hips (54.2%) were rated excellent, eight hips (33.3%) were good, and three hips (12.5%) were fair in group 1. In group 2, 20 hips (57.1%) were rated excellent, 10 hips (28.6%) were good, and five hips (14.3%) were fair. There were five patients who had a limb length discrepancy of approximately 1.5 cm in group 2. Six hips in group 1 and seven hips in group 2 had osteonecrosis of varying severity.

Conclusions

We believe that preoperation three-dimensional computed tomography evaluation, personalized operation plans, and experience with the surgical procedure are the main reasons for the satisfactory therapeutic effects achieved in this study in older children with DDH.     

Total Hip Arthroplasty With Subtrochanteric Shortening Osteotomy in Patients With High Hip Dislocation Secondary to Childhood Septic Arthritis: A Matched Comparative Study With Crowe IV Developmental Dysplasia

BackgroundTotal hip arthroplasty (THA) with subtrochanteric shortening osteotomy (SSO) is performed to manage hips with high dislocations. We compared outcomes of THA with SSO in patients with high hip dislocation resulting from childhood septic arthritis and Crowe IV developmental dysplasia of the hip (DDH).MethodsWe reviewed 60 THAs with SSO performed between May 1996 and December 2013. Thirty-one cases were classified as sequelae of childhood infection and 29 as DDH. Twenty-five hips were selected for each group after the propensity score was matched with preoperative demographics and leg length discrepancy (LLD). Clinical scores, complication and reoperation rates, radiographic results, and survivorships were compared. The mean duration of follow-up was 12.3 (range 5-22) years.ResultsThe average correction in LLD was 2.5 cm for childhood infection and 3.6 cm for DDH (P = .002). The infection group received more transfusions (mean 3.3 vs 2.0 units, P = .002), required more time for union of osteotomy site (mean 6.8 vs 5.2 months, P = .042), and reported lower Harris Hip Score (mean 85.1 vs 91.3, P = .017). Reoperations were performed in 11 (44%) previously infected hips and 3 (12%) DDHs (P = .012). Kaplan-Meier survivorship with an endpoint of revision for any reason was lower in the infection group (83.6%) than in the DDH group (100%) at 10 years (log rank, P = .040).ConclusionTHA with SSO in high hip dislocation secondary to childhood septic arthritis demonstrated less favorable clinical outcomes with increased risks of complication, compared with those performed in Crowe IV DDH with similar degree of chronic dislocation.     

Long-Term Outcomes of Total Hip Arthroplasty With Transverse Subtrochanteric Shortening Osteotomy and Modular Stem in Crowe IV Developmental Dysplasia

BackgroundThe reconstruction of high dislocation related to developmental dysplasia of the hip (DDH) remains challenging for joint surgeons. The aim of this study is to evaluate the rate of union, the revision rate, functional scores, and complications in patients with Crowe IV DDH treated with total hip arthroplasty, transverse subtrochanteric shortening osteotomy, and modular stem in an average 10-year follow-up.MethodsTwenty-eight patients (33 hips) with Crowe IV DDH who were operated on between 2008 and 2013 were followed. All patients underwent uncemented total hip arthroplasty with transverse subtrochanteric shortening osteotomy and anatomical acetabular cup implantation. The mean age was 36.6 years, and the mean follow-up period was 121 months. Clinical and radiological outcomes were evaluated.ResultsThe mean Harris Hip Score significantly improved from 47.0 preoperatively to 89.6 postoperatively. The mean limb length discrepancy was significantly reduced from 3.8 to 0.8 cm. The mean osteotomy union time was 6.8 months. At the mean follow-up of 121 months, there were 3 cases of postoperative dislocation, 2 cases of intraoperative fracture, and 1 case of posterior tibial venous thrombosis. No revision occurred, and no signs of component loosening or migration were observed at the last follow-up.ConclusionCrowe IV DDH patients treated with transverse subtrochanteric shortening osteotomy, modular stem, and anatomic acetabular component insertion can have satisfactory and reliable 10-year clinical outcomes.     

Day-case pelvic osteotomy for developmental dysplasia of the hip

Purpose:In this article we report the results of a pilot study analysing the implications of performing pelvic osteotomies for developmental dysplasia of the hip (DDH) as a day case. We assess the advantages of performing paediatric pelvic osteotomies as day-case procedures from a financial perspective and from an in-patient bed resource point of view.Methods:This was a prospective cohort study analysing Salter and Pemberton pelvic osteotomies performed for DDH over a three-year period from 1st January 2017 to 30th September 2019. All patients residing within 50 km of the hospital were eligible for day-case procedures. All other cases were performed as in-patients. A detailed financial costing analysis was performed and the in-patient resources utilized were documented and compared between the two models of care.Results:In total, 84 Salter and Pemberton osteotomies were performed between 1st January 2017 to 30th September 2019. Of these cases, 35 were performed as day-case procedures. A total reduction in 70 in-patient bed days was reported. Total costs for a single in-patient requiring two nights of admission amounted to €5,752, whereas the discharge cost of a day case was reported at €2,670. The savings made by our institution amounted to €3,082 per day case. A total saving of €102,696 was made over three years. In all, seven day-case patients re-attended due to inadequate pain control. They required overnight admission and were discharged uneventfully the following day.Conclusion:Day-case pelvic osteotomies significantly reduce the number of in-patient bed days used in an elective paediatric orthopaedic setting. Significant financial savings in excess of €3,000 per case are possible. The introduction of day-case pelvic osteotomy procedures can significantly improve the cost-effectiveness of managing DDH provided there are clear protocols in place with close clinical follow-up.Level of evidence:IV