改良胸膜活检术联合生物标志物等对不明原因胸腔积液的诊断价值

目的 探讨改良胸膜活检术联合生物标志物、细胞学检查在不明原因胸腔积液中的诊断价值.方法 对216例胸腔积液患者的临床资料进行回顾性分析,其中结核性胸腔积液(结核组)106例,恶性胸腔积液110例(恶性组).所有患者均行改良胸膜活检术检查,胸腔积液细胞学检查,胸腔积液腺苷脱氨酶(ADA)、癌胚抗原(CEA)及乳酸脱氢酶(LDH)检测以及血CEA检测.统计胸膜活检术的确诊率,比较两组胸腔积液的ADA、CEA、LDH以及血CEA、胸腔积液CEA/血CEA水平.结果 216例患者共进行了241次胸膜活检穿刺,首次穿刺取材成功率94.9％ (205/216),首次穿刺成功的胸膜活检材料病理结果有诊断价值的占58.8％ (127/216),总确诊率65.3％(141/216),不良反应发生率为5.8％ (14/241).结核组细胞学检查肿瘤细胞阳性0例,恶性组细胞学检查肿瘤细胞阳性率54.5％(60/110);恶性组中胸腔积液CEA、LDH、血CEA及胸腔积液CEA/血CEA水平及阳性率均显著高于结核组,而胸腔积液ADA水平以及阳性率显著低于结核组,差异均有统计学意义(P＜0.01).结论 改良胸膜活检术、胸腔积液细胞学、胸腔积液生物标志物在单独辅助诊断胸腔积液时均具有一定的局限性,临床上可联合多种指标明确胸腔积液病因,指导治疗.     

经皮胸膜活检联合C反应蛋白在结核性胸膜炎诊断中的意义

目的 探讨经皮胸膜活检在结核性胸膜炎诊断中的意义.方法 对124例结核性胸膜炎患者进行经皮胸膜活检联合C反应蛋白与胸腔积液查抗酸杆菌,并对两种检查方法阳性率进行比较,同时分析影响诊断阳性率的因素及安全性.结果 经皮胸膜活检联合C反应蛋白的病例阳性率为53.2％,与胸腔积液查抗酸杆菌的阳性率比较差异有统计学意义(x2 =44.97,P＜0.05).78例次胸膜活检中发生少量气胸2例(2.5％),胸膜反应3例(3.8％).结论 胸膜活检联合C-反应蛋白在确诊癌性胸腔积液中具有重要的应用价值,是一种简便、快速、安全的检查手段,阳性率高.     

系统性红斑狼疮肺胸膜病变(附50例报告)

50例SLE患者有肺胸膜病变,其中女性47例(94％),男性3例(6％),小于40岁者41例(82％)。50例中表现为胸膜炎和(或)胸腔积液26例,狼疮肺炎15例,弥漫性肺间质纤维化5例,肺不张3例,肺纹理增多17例。经激素治疗随SLE症状改善,肺胸膜病变好转。     

内科胸腔镜对恶性胸腔积液的诊断和治疗

目的 探讨内科胸腔镜技术在恶性胸腔积液中诊断和治疗的临床应用.方法 通过内科胸腔镜病理活检诊断为恶性胸腔积液,镜下进行滑石粉喷洒胸膜固定术,观察其疗效和并发症.结果 69例恶性胸腔积液患者被确诊,其中肺癌58例(腺癌41例、鳞癌8例、小细胞癌5例、腺鳞癌4例),胸膜间皮瘤3例,直(结)肠腺癌胸膜转移3例,乳腺癌胸膜转移2例,胸腺瘤胸膜转移1例,平滑肌肉瘤胸膜转移1例,淋巴细胞性淋巴瘤胸膜转移1例.诊断阳性率88.5%(69/78).36例恶性胸腔积液患者行滑石粉喷洒胸膜固定术,有效率为91.7%(33/36),拔管时间2～13 d,平均5.6 d.主要并发症:胸痛80.6%(29/36),发热44.4%(16/36).结论 内科胸腔镜对恶性胸腔积液的诊断有重要价值,对恶性胸腔积液进行滑石粉喷洒胸膜固定术安全、有效.     

内科胸腔镜在诊断不明原因胸腔积液中的应用

目的:探讨内科胸腔镜在不明原因胸腔积液中的诊断价值.方法:对48例不明原因胸腔积液患者行胸腔镜检术,直视下于壁层胸膜病变处多部位活检并行病理检查.结果:48例胸腔积液患者行病理活检,确诊恶性肿瘤14例,其中肺腺癌10例(20.83％),肺鳞癌1例(2.08％),小细胞癌1例(2.08％),胸膜间皮瘤2例(4.17％);结核性胸膜炎26例(54.20％);化脓性胸膜炎1例(2.08％);非特异性炎症7例(14.58％).结论:内科胸腔镜是简单、微创、高效的检查技术.     

改良胸膜活检术在胸腔积液病因诊断中的应用价值

目的 探讨胸膜活检术在胸腔积液病因诊断中的临床意义及安全性.方法 采用改良Abrams胸膜活检针,对570例胸腔积液患者进行了胸膜活检术,对其阳性率以及安全性进行评价.结果 共行胸膜活检术647次,总体阳性率为65.1％(371/570),并发症发生41例,发生率6.3％( 41/647).结论 胸膜活检操作简单,易于常握,创伤小,快速,安全,取材成功率高,并发症少,对不明原因胸腔积液具有很好的诊断价值,值得临床推广.     

老年人下肺叶病变合并胸腔积液的影像诊断

目的 分析老年人下肺叶病变合并胸腔积液的X线和CT表现.材料和方法 收集60岁以上,有下肺叶病交和胸腔积液及有完整影像学资料并经临床和病理证实的病例共35例.结果 老年人下肺叶病变合并胸腔积液主要见于肺癌(19/35,54.3％)、肺炎(10/35,28.6％)和肺结核(4/35,11.4％).良性病变多见轻度胸腔积液(8/15,53％),恶性肿瘤多见中～重度胸腔积液(16/20,80％).若以环状胸膜增厚、增厚胸膜＞10mm、纵隔胸膜受累和结节状胸膜增厚作为恶性肿瘤的征象,诊断准确率为71％(12/17).综合形态学和胸膜增厚改变,恶性肿瘤的诊断准确率可提高到86％(30/35).结论 综合分析胸水程度、胸膜增厚和病灶的形态学特征,对提高诊断有很大的帮助.     

胸腔积液行闭式胸膜活检32例临床分析

目的探讨闭式胸膜活检术在胸腔积液诊断中的临床应用价值。方法对32例胸腔积液患者胸膜活检的取材成功率、诊断阳性率进行总结,分析影响取材成功率、诊断阳性率的因素以及胸膜活检的并发症。结果 32例患者共进行胸膜活检34次,首次取材成功率93.75%,有诊断价值的病理结果 28例(87.50%),其中结核22例(78.57%),癌性6例(21.43%),另外4例(12.50%)为慢性炎症组织,无诊断价值。术中并发少量气胸2次(5.88%)、轻度胸膜反应3次(8.82%),少量出血5次(14.71%),无严重并发症。结论闭式胸膜活检术操作简单,取材成功率、阳性诊断率高,严重并发症极少,是胸腔积液的重要诊断手段。     

经胸壁穿刺胸膜活检对62例原因不明的胸腔积液诊断评价

本文选自附属医院1986年～1990年住院患者,胸水细胞学检查阴性,不明病因的62例胸腔积液经胸壁穿刺胸膜活检,分别诊断为肿瘤(29例)、結核(19例)、炎症(14例),其阳性率为80.6％,假阴性3例占25%(3/12)。尤其对最后诊断为恶性肿瘤的32例,胸膜活检确诊的29例,占90.6%。因而认为,胸膜活检对原因不明的胸膜疾病是一个特异性高、开发症少、安全简便的诊断手段。     

内科胸腔镜在不明原因胸腔积液诊断中的应用

目的 初步探讨可弯曲式内科胸腔镜在不明病因胸腔积液诊断中的应用价值.方法 应用内科胸腔镜对26例通过胸腔积液常规、生化、微生物及细胞学等实验室方法仍不能明确病因的胸腔积液患者进行检查.结果 结核性胸膜炎8例(30.8%),肺癌胸膜转移11例,乳腺癌胸膜转移2例,恶性胸膜间皮瘤2例.3例(11.5%)病理为阴性结果,恶性...     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

Development on Adjustable Calibration Marker for Shock Wave Focus

Shock wave lithotripsy （SWL） is a treatment of choice for upper urinary stones. However, this procedure is inappropriate for obese patients because the focus is often unable to reach the target owing to the limited focal distance in shock wave source. Although treating such patients in a blast path may increase the application length of shock wave source, it＇s difficult to find this path on the lithotripter monitor. For this reason, we invented an adjustable calibration marker in order to set an effective focus in the shock wave hath.     

Study on the TCM Pathogenesis of Angiopathic Complications of Type II Diabetes

Excess production of reactive oxygen species(ROS)of mitochondrion mediated by hyperglycemia is the common pathogenesis of angiopathic complications of diabetes.TCM holds that the damp from the dysfunction of spleen.kidney and liver is the causative factor of complications of diabetes.This is similar to the mechanism of Ros resulting in angiopathic complications of diabetes.When the angiopathic complications of type II diabetes mellitus(T2DM)are difierentiated as caused by turbid damp in TCM can be explained as ROS.Since the obstruction of pathogenic damp in channels and collaterals is said to be the main pathogenesis,the treating principle should be dissolving the damp to remove the obstruction.     

Leptin, Ghrelin and TNF-α before and after Hypo-caloric Traditional Chinese Diet and Auricular Acupuncture

INTRODUCTION Obesity is a complex emergent problem, which can be possibly solved not only by the diet but also by the life style and promotion of a constant physical exercise. 1, 2 No doubt careful attentions must be given to the nutritional condition of obese people, the dietary habits, the somatic build (i.e. distribution of fat mass) and the organic functions linked to formation of the fat mass. All the parameters should be constantly monitored before, during and after a diet treatment. 3, 4, 5     

Relationship between Dysglycemia and Carotid Atherosclerosis in Tibetan Population

People with dysglycemia are at high risk for atherosclerotic diseases. This study aims at investigating the atherosclerotic vascular damage in dysglycemia and its metabolic origin in Tibetan population.     

APPLICATION OF LORNOXICAM TO PATIENT-CONTROLLED ANALGESIA IN PATIENTS UNDERGOING ABDOMINAL SURGERIES

FOR anesthesiologis s ,treatingpostoperativepainhas alwaysbeen a problem.Althoughopioidshave been provedtobe effective,theirsideeffectscouldnotbeignored.With thedevelopmentofscienceand pharmacology,many drugs with aspectsof satisfactoryanalgesicefficacyand couldbe welltoleratedby patientshave been developed.And lornoxicamisone of them, which isa non-steroidalanti-inflammatorydrug (NSAID ), with analgesic, anti-infl-ammatory,andantipyreticproperties.Itseliminationhalf-time(3 to 5 hours) isle…     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.