基于温病舌诊理论浅议COVID-19转归

新型冠状病毒肺炎临证应注重患者舌象变化。病邪由卫分转气分甚至渐入营分时,舌象以舌质红、苔黄腻和黄燥多见。舌色红而其苔燥者,属表邪入于里之候也,需兼辛凉解表,如金银花、连翘为君药的银翘散可发挥疏散风热、辟秽化浊之功效;若苔色黄且气分热象明显者可偏重于通腑泻热,予白虎汤清泻阳明气分热,承气汤峻下热结,谨防邪热传营血分,扰动心神而至神昏、抽搐等危重证候;舌苔腻者,为秽浊邪气入里太深,体内正气不能将其祛除于外而上泛于口所致;舌苔黄腻而垢,或干涩深黄厚腻是表邪入里之候。苔黄腻者是湿热未净之候,可用五苓散加木通合益元散加味,茯苓、猪苓、泽泻三药,味甘淡,归脾经,可健脾祛痰,归肾经可渗湿利尿。合方益气而不助邪,逐邪而不伤正,兼可渗湿清热。     

中医舌象面面观 这是什么舌象?其主病如何?

淡白舌黑干苔(封二图13) 黑苔多由灰苔或焦黄苔发展而来,颜色深黑,常见于疾病的严重阶段,但吸烟者见之,另当别论。《舌鉴辨正·黑舌总论》曰:“凡舌苔见黑色,病必不轻,寒热虚实各证皆有之,均属里证,无表证也。”该书还认为,真寒假热而舌黑,必全黑而不分经,由淡白突然变黑,颇似寒舌之光亮,又似热舌之焦干,当四诊合参以辨之。总之,黑苔燥裂或生芒刺,为热极津枯;若苔黑滑润,多属寒盛阳衰。《中医舌诊·诊察苔色》认为,中黑边白而滑润,是虚寒夹湿,多见于脾阳不     

黑苔在儿科中的意义

黑苔常见于疫病严重阶段,主里证,或为热极,或为寒盛,肾之色属黑,病极伤肾,故黑苔多见于热极肾阴衰竭,或寒极致肾阳衰微之危重证,但在儿科所见黑苔多与患儿脾胃虚弱或胃火偏盛,胃阴不足乃至湿热熏蒸有关,治疗中观其舌苔的同时注意舌质的颜色,舌体胖嫩,临床以芳香化湿为主,佐以健脾行气,消食之品治之,则黑苔可迅除。1临床资料患者,女,1岁,2000年4月24日以黑苔1个月就诊。查:精神可,纳差,寐安,无咳嗽、腹泻等不适,舌质偏红,苔灰黑,指纹紫,辨证湿热中阻,治以清化淡渗。处方:藿佩兰10g,苍白术12g,茯苓10g,木香3g,枳实6g,胡黄连6g,银柴胡8g,滑石10…     

参膏合剂治疗口疮

参膏合剂治疗口疮张美玉，白玉林（包头第一化工厂卫生所，包头０１４０１０）口疮，为临证常见之疾。按病机、症状不同，分为实火、虚火、阳虚三型。新发者易图，久病者难疗。属实证者，多由火热之毒或湿热蕴郁心、胃二经，上蒸口腔所致。属虚证者，以中焦虚寒、元气不足...     

温阳祛寒法治疗浅黑苔5例

目的 观察温阳祛寒法治疗阳虚寒湿证浅黑苔的临床疗效.方法对5例阳虚寒湿证见浅黑苔的患者应用温阳祛寒法治疗.结果所有患者服药6～8剂后自诉饮食知味,身体沉重感明显减轻,查浅黑苔已去,转为薄白苔,舌质转淡红,脉滑.随诊1月,未见症状反复.结论温阳祛寒法治疗阳虚寒湿证浅黑苔疗效显著.     

冠心病人的舌象变化与治疗

１冠心病人的舌象变化 《内经》云：“心气通干舌”。又云：“舌者,心之官也”。心开窍于舌。故舌者心之外候也,望舌可测其心之病变。辨舌可知患者之寒热,虚实;诊舌当观其舌苦之色泽,舌质之形态,知之质等,冠心病的舌苔舌质均有不同表现,可大体归纳为：薄白苔、薄黄苔,白腻苔,黄腻苔,或舌光无苔之别。舌质可大体归纳为：质红、质淡红、质紫暗,或舌质光裂,或舌体胖厚等之别。 薄白苔和白腻苔：薄白苔无病者亦可见之,但病属虚证者亦可见薄自苔或白腻苔者,冠心病及内伤虚证者均见。如属气虚则生寒,则多见白苔或白腻苔。 薄黄苔…     

桂枝汤活用治验一则

桂枝汤属辛温解表剂，主治外感风寒、头痛发热、汗出恶风、鼻鸣干呕、苔白不渴，脉浮缓或浮弱者。本方由于具有解肌发表、调和营卫的作用，又可通过不同服法而突出其解肌发表或调和营卫的作用，所以尤伯《金匾心典｝｝中引徐（彬）氏之说“桂枝汤外证得之，为解肌和营卫；内证得之，为化气和阴阳”．因此本方可用于外感风寒的表虚证，亦可用于疮疡之证的治疗。疮疡多由于气血瘀滞所致，祖国医学有“诸痛疮痒皆属于心”之说，因心主血脉，故属于心。病见疮疡溃烂，色青久不收口，患于小腿后部者，属太阳经脉括行之途径，故用本方治之。患者，…     

郭立中重剂温阳延缓慢性肾衰竭

慢性肾衰竭(CRF)是临床难治重症,中西医均缺乏有效治疗手段,郭立中教授发现慢性肾衰竭患者临床多见怕冷、手足凉、舌淡胖苔水滑等阳虚表现,在扶阳学术思想的基础上,结合临证经验,提出慢性肾衰竭的基本病机为:脾肾阳虚,浊毒内盛,三焦壅滞.凡存在阳虚症状表现或阳气受损致病条件的患者均辨为阳虚,对于辨证属阳虚的CRF患者即考虑用温阳法治疗.并以“善治者治皮毛”的次第思想为指导,治疗时从上、中、下三焦层层深入,首以温通为主,拨通气血往来之路;次则通补兼施,扶正祛邪并举,打通中焦;终则重取下焦,重剂温阳扶助命火,使阴得阳生,泉源不竭.     

宋鹭冰医案医话选 消渴治验六则

消渴以口渴多饮,多食善饥,小便频多或如脂膏为主证,根据症状轻重程度的不同又分上、中、下三消。一般认为消渴责之于肺燥,胃热、肾虚,悉属火盛阴室,热淫津固,治疗常以滋阴润燥,开源抑火为大法。但火有实火、虚火之分,消渴亦有属阴损及阳,阳虚火衰者,不可尽以火证为言而专务清理。宋老强调治消渴首要辨虚实,察阴阳,法当如常达变。临床上遇曾投润燥养阴,清热泻火多剂罔效的病例,他认为多系湿热蕴结中焦化火化燥或睥虚湿困,不能化气流津所致,二者有虚实之辨,偏实者多用三仁汤芳香清     

轩岐精言(27)

正阴则静,阴出之阳则怒。此语出自《黄帝内经·素问》。系指阴阳理论在中医临床诊断上的应用。阳主动而在外,阴主静而在内。病邪由阳分入于阴分,阳气敛藏,故病者多安静。病邪由阴分出于阳分,阴不守内,阴阳相争,故病者多躁动而怒。静与怒属情志表现,反映了病者阴阳盛衰的病理情况。一般喜卧安静者,或为阳虚,或为阴盛,也有阴阳两虚所致的。躁动易怒者,固然与阳盛有关,但属阴盛格阳、虚阳外浮所致者也不乏其例。临床当洞察细微,不     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

APPLICATION OF LORNOXICAM TO PATIENT-CONTROLLED ANALGESIA IN PATIENTS UNDERGOING ABDOMINAL SURGERIES

FOR anesthesiologis s ,treatingpostoperativepainhas alwaysbeen a problem.Althoughopioidshave been provedtobe effective,theirsideeffectscouldnotbeignored.With thedevelopmentofscienceand pharmacology,many drugs with aspectsof satisfactoryanalgesicefficacyand couldbe welltoleratedby patientshave been developed.And lornoxicamisone of them, which isa non-steroidalanti-inflammatorydrug (NSAID ), with analgesic, anti-infl-ammatory,andantipyreticproperties.Itseliminationhalf-time(3 to 5 hours) isle…     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.     

Scientific principles and rigorous processes should be followed in developing clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine

A clinical guideline for the therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine may be defined as a written document which states a series of recommendations on therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine for a special disease or condition. The guideline may provide assistance to medical professionals in making clinical decisions aimed at improving the clinical outcome of patients and reducing the costs of medical care（~＇4~. Recommendations issued by a guideline should be based on the best available evidence in both Western and Chinese medicine. For fulfilling this purpose, the development of clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions in the field of integrative medicine should follow scientific principles and undergo a rigorous processes.