荧光原位杂交快速检测羊水胎儿染色体非整倍体

目的探讨应用荧光原位杂交(fluorescent in situ hybridization,FISH)技术用于快速产前诊断胎儿染色体非整倍体的临床价值。方法采用13、21和18、X、Y两组染色体探针,对308例未培养的羊水细胞样本进行染色体非整倍体检测。所有样本同时进行羊水细胞的常规G显带核型分析并作为标准,对FISH技术进行评价。结果 308例标本均成功杂交,共检出染色体异常14例,包括21三体10例、18三体2例、XXX 1例及XYY 1例,均与羊水培养细胞核型分析结果一致,另外9例染色体正常变异FISH技术未能检出。结论 FISH技术可以快速、准确地检测出胎儿染色体数目异常,联合羊水细胞培养能够更好的服务于临床,使产前诊断的效能达到最大化。     

淮安地区322例羊水细胞荧光原位杂交技术与核型分析结果分析

目的探讨荧光原位杂交(fluorescence in situ hybridization,FISH)技术结合羊水细胞培养在检测胎儿染色体异常中的临床应用价值。方法用FISH技术检测322例孕17-28周孕妇的未培养羊水细胞,同时进行常规羊水细胞培养核型分析,将两者结果进行对照分析。结果 322例未培养羊水细胞FISH检测成功321例,其中检出正常303例,数目异常18例,与常规细胞培养核型分析结果一致,另外4例正常变异、1例嵌合体以及1例罗伯逊易位型21三体未被FISH技术检测出。结论 FISH技术检测未培养羊水细胞染色体数目异常具有快速、简便、所用样本量少的优势,可以作为羊水细胞染色体核型分析的补充,但对于检测同源罗伯逊易位型21三体有一定局限性。     

广西地区荧光原位杂交技术在快速诊断胎儿染色体数目异常中的应用

目的使用荧光原位杂交（FISH）技术对广西地区胎儿染色体数目异常进行快速检测并评估其临床应用价值。方法采用FISH技术对758例未培养羊水标本进行染色体数目异常的检测,采用染色体核型分析技术作为对照。结果成功检测758例标本,检出正常核型747例,异常核型11例（其中21-三体7例,18-三体1例,13-三体1例,XYY2例）,所有结果与染色体核型分析一致。结论FISH检测简便、快速、准确性高、特异性强,对协助临床咨询及产前遗传学诊断具有重要意义,值得推广应用。     

应用羊水细胞间期荧光原位杂交技术诊断胎儿Down综合征

目的 建立以未培养的羊水间期细胞直接制片进行荧光原位杂交(FISH)的简便方法并应用于Down综合征产前诊断。方法 Down综合征患者外周血染色体标本,以及10例产前诊断的孕妇,在妊娠16～20周行羊膜腔穿刺术,羊水细胞制片并以胃蛋白酶进行简单处理后,用位于染色体21q22.3区域的人类基因组BAC克隆探针进行荧光原位杂交。结果 全部杂交成功,信号强,背景低。讨论 该技术简便、稳定、易掌握,适用于检测胎儿Down综合征的快速产前诊断。     

用荧光原位杂交和核型分析技术对200例羊水标本的产前诊断

目的探讨荧光原位杂交(fluorescence in situ hybridization,FISH)技术和羊水细胞培养、核型分析技术在产前诊断胎儿染色体数目和结构异常中的价值。方法对200例孕18-23w、有产前诊断指征者,在B超引导下经腹抽取羊水后,一部分羊水应用13、18、21及X、Y染色体探针,对未培养的羊水间期细胞进行荧光原位杂交检测(FISH)。另一部分羊水进行细胞培养,进行染色体核型分析。结果 200例产前诊断者中,经FISH检测,羊水间期细胞染色体数目正常者189例,染色体数目异常者11例(其中7例47,XN,+21,1例47,XX,+18,2例45,X,1例47,XXY),此11例经引产后取脐血,经核型分析证实。进行细胞培养的标本中有2例培养失败,再次抽取羊水后培养成功。异常12例,其中数目异常11例,结构异常1例(新发罗氏易位),多态性9例。结论 FISH可以快速、准确的诊断胎儿染色体数目异常,核型分析可以全面的诊断胎儿染色体数目和结构异常,产前诊断中应将两者结合运用。     

荧光原位杂交技术在羊水细胞染色体非整倍体产前诊断中的应用

目的探讨荧光原位杂交(FISH)技术在羊水胎儿染色体非整倍体产前诊断中的应用。方法对188例孕18-23周有产前诊断指征的孕妇选用13、18、21、X、Y特异性探针进行羊水间期细胞分析,并与羊水细胞中期细胞培养结果进行对照。结果在188例羊水FISH检测中均检测成功,其中正常核型175例,数目异常核型3例,与中期羊水染色体细胞培养结果一致,另有5例正常变异,5例结构异常FISH技术未能检出。结论荧光原位杂交(FISH)技术检测羊水胎儿染色体数目异常过程简单、快速、灵敏度较高、特异性较强,对于非整倍体产前诊断具有重要意义。     

中山地区羊水细胞培养核型分析联合荧光原位杂交技术在产前诊断中的应用

目的探索羊水细胞培养核型分析联合荧光原位杂交技术(FISH)在产前诊断中的应用价值;方法采集16~22孕周、有产前诊断指征孕妇的羊水标本369例,进行羊水细胞培养核型分析并同时采用13/18/21/X/Y染色体探针对未培养羊水进行FISH检测;结果 369例羊水细胞培养核型分析成功363例,异常27例(数目异常18例,结构异常9例);未培养羊水细胞FISH检测全部成功,其中数目异常18例,与常规细胞培养核型分析结果一致,结论核型分析与FISH在常见染色体非整倍体异常方面保持较好的一致性,核型分析比较全面,异常检出率高;FISH操作比较快速、简便,是核型分析的有力补充。两种技术联合应用可以更有效地对胎儿染色体异常进行产前诊断。     

89份羊水细胞的荧光原位杂交分析

目的 探讨荧光原位杂交(fluorescent in situ hybridization,FISH)技术在产前诊断中的应用价值.方法 应用FISH对82例未培养的羊水细胞、2例培养成功的羊水细胞上清液及5例培养未成功的羊水细胞上清液进行染色体非整倍体检测,以其中79例未培养羊水细胞和2例培养成功羊水细胞的常规G显带核型分析结果作为对照.结果 89例标本均成功杂交,共检出21-三体3例,超雄综合征1例,三倍体1例.羊水培养细胞核型分析结果与FISH检测结果一致.结论 将FISH应用于染色体非整倍体的产前检测具有快速、直观的优点.FISH也可作为羊水标本未培养成功的补救诊断措施.     

用荧光原位杂交技术对100例羊水标本的产前诊断

目的探讨荧光原位杂交（fluorescence in situ hybridization,FISH）技术在快速产前诊断胎儿染色体数目异常中的价值。方法对100例孕18-23w、有产前诊断指征者,在B超引导下经腹抽取羊水后,应用18号、X、Y染色体着丝粒探针以及13q14和21q22特异性探针,对未培养的羊水间期细胞进行荧光原位杂交（FISH）,然后用荧光显微镜进行观察,并用荧光成像系统进行摄像和后期处理。结果 100例产前诊断者中,羊水间期细胞染色体数目正常者99例,染色体数目异常者1例（47,XX,＋21）,此例经引产后取脐血,经核型分析证实。结论 FISH可以快速、准确的诊断胎儿染色体数目异常。     

荧光原位杂交技术在胎儿染色体异常产前诊断中的应用

目的探讨荧光原位杂交(FISH)技术在检测胎儿染色体异常的临床应用。方法选用13、21、18、X、Y特异性探针对1128例孕16～22周有产前诊断指征的妊娠妇女羊水间期细胞进行分析,并与同时进行的羊水细胞培养核型分析结果进行对照。结果被检1128例羊水间期细胞FISH检测均成功,其中检出正常核型1081例,数目异常核型20例,与常规细胞染色体核型分析结果一致,另外27例结构异常FISH技术未能检出。结论 FISH技术检测胎儿染色体数目异常具有快速、简便、准确性高、特异性强等优点,有较大的临床应用价值,并对产前细胞遗传学诊断有重要意义。     

应用荧光原位杂交产前诊断未培养羊水细胞非整倍体

目的探讨荧光原位杂交(fluorescenceinsituhybridization,FISH)诊断未培养羊水细胞非整倍体的临床应用价值。方法对55例孕16～32周未培养羊水细胞进行FISH快速产前诊断,应用多色FISH对另4条染色体(X、Y、13号和18号)进行检测。以经母腹穿刺取胎血常规核型分析作为FISH检测结果对照。结果被检55例羊水未培养细胞均获得诊断结果,发现两例异常胎儿。1例为标准型21三体;另1例为21三体嵌合体。FISH检测与常规核型分析结果一致。结论FISH检测未培养羊水细胞非整倍体具有快速、简便、所用样本量少的优势,结果准确可靠,可达到产前诊断要求,有较大临床应用价值。     

Down syndrome with pure partial trisomy 21q22 due to a paternal insertion (4;21) uncovered by uncultured amniotic fluid interphase FISH

OBJECTIVE: To emphasize the usefulness and reliability of fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) on uncultured amniotic fluid cells in the prenatal diagnosis of common chromosomal aneuploidies. METHODS: FISH analyses utilizing centromeric, locus-specific or whole chromosome paint DNA probes specific for chromosomes X, Y, 13, 18, 21, and 4 were performed on uncultured amniotic fluid cells or the peripheral blood specimen from the father. Routine chromosome analysis was carried out as well. RESULTS: A prenatal case with partial trisomy 21 due to a paternal cryptic insertion (4;21) was ascertained by a rapid overnight FISH on uncultured amniotic fluid cells. The fetus was delivered at term and had classical features of Down syndrome. CONCLUSION: Our results stress the importance of FISH on uncultured amniotic fluid cells to supplement routine cytogenetics, especially in cases with abnormal ultrasound findings.     

Role of multicolor fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) in simultaneous detection of probe sets for chromosome 18, X and Y in uncultured amniotic fluid cells.

Major aneuploidies diagnosed prenatally involve the autosomes 13, 18, and 21, and sex chromosomes. Fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) allows rapid analysis of chromosome copy number in interphase cells. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the role of multicolor fluorescence in situ hybridization in simultaneous detection of probe sets for chromosome 18, X, and Y in uncultured amniotic fluid cells as a safer alternative method for aneuploidy detection prenatally. Fifty amniotic fluid samples were analyzed by FISH and standard cytogenetics. Mean time to obtain results was three days for fluorescence in situ hybridization and 20 days for karyotype. Fluorescence in situ hybridization was informative in 43 samples (86%), and within this group, two aneuploidies were correctly identified. This evaluation demonstrates that FISH with X, Y, and 18 alpha satellite DNA probes could accurately and rapidly detect aneuploidies involving these chromosomes and could be used in any prenatal clinical laboratory.     

Amniotic fluid interphase fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) for detection of aneuploidy; experiences in 130 prenatal cases

The major aneuploidies diagnosed prenatally involve the autosomes 13, 18, 21, and sex chromosomes X and Y. Fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) allows rapid analysis of chromosome copy number in interphase cells. We retrospectively reviewed 130 amniotic fluid interphase FISH analyses from January 1997 to December 2001. The review was done in order to assess the role of interphase FISH among the patients who were at the risk of fetal aneuploidies. The sample was considered to be aneuploid when 70% of or more than the total number of hybridized nuclei displayed the same abnormal hybridization pattern for a specific probe. All of 130 cases but one met the criteria. The results were considered as informative and they were obtained in 24-48 hr. The overall detection rate for aneuploidies was 100% (2 cases of trisomy 21, 2 cases of trisomy 18, and 1 case of Turner syndrome). In comparison to cytogenetics, the rates of both sensitivity and specificity were 100%. The experiment demonstrates that FISH can provide a rapid and accurate clinical method for prenatal identification of chromosome aneuploidies. The experiment can also serve as an adjunctive test to help cytogenetics to reduce significant amount of emotional stress of patients and physicians through early decision making process.     

荧光原位杂交技术在未培养羊水细胞产前诊断中的临床应用

目的探讨荧光原位杂交(fluorescence in situ hybridization,FISH)技术在产前诊断中的优缺点及临床应用价值。方法用FISH技术检测163例孕17-33周孕妇的未培养羊水细胞,每例均行常规染色体核型分析。结果应用FISH法,所有样本均在24h内获得检测结果,除4例羊水培养失败外,其余样本均在3周内获得细胞遗传学诊断。两种方法均检测出3例非整倍体,FISH结果与核型分析结果一致。9例染色体结构异常,FISH法未能检出。结论 FISH技术应用于产前诊断染色体非整倍体,成功率高,准确可靠,较常规核型分析方法有效缩短报告时间。FISH不能完全替代常规染色体核型分析,疑有染色体结构异常者,必须行羊水细胞染色体核型分析。母血清唐氏征筛查异常孕妇产前诊断倾向选择FISH检测。     

应用优化荧光原位杂交技术诊断110例羊水间期细胞常见非整倍体

目的 优化现有荧光原位杂交(fluorescence in situ hybridization,FISH)技术,探讨FISH快速产前诊断多种染色体异常的临床应用.方法 改良FISH操作过程中的滴片和杂交液用量,对110例孕妇羊水样本同时进行FISH快速产前诊断和常规细胞培养核型分析.结果 110例羊水样本中,FISH检测出了4例21三体、1例18三体、58例46,XX、47例46,XY,与染色体核型分析的结果一致,符合率100%.结论 国产FISH试剂能快速、准确检测常见的5种染色体数日异常,使用样本量少、价廉.FISH技术可作为经典染色体核型分析的辅助方法,能应用于唐氏血清学高风险孕妇的快速产前诊断.     

Microarray comparative genomic hybridization (CGH)-based prenatal diagnosis for chromosome abnormalities using cell-free fetal DNA in amniotic fluid

Cell-free fetal DNA (cffDNA) in the supernatant of amniotic fluid, which is usually discarded, can be used as a sample for prenatal diagnosis. For rapid prenatal diagnosis of frequent chromosome abnormalities, for example trisomies 13, 18, and 21, and monosomy X, using cffDNA, we have developed a targeted microarray-based comparative genomic hybridization (CGH) panel on which BAC clones from chromosomes 13, 18, 21, X, and Y were spotted. Microarray-CGH analysis was performed for a total of 13 fetuses with congenital anomalies using cffDNA from their uncultured amniotic fluid. Microarray CGH with cffDNA led to successful molecular karyotyping for 12 of 13 fetuses within 5 days. Karyotypes of the 12 fetuses (one case of trisomy 13, two of trisomy 18, two of trisomy 21, one of monosomy X, and six of normal karyotype) were later confirmed by conventional chromosome analysis using cultured amniocytes. The one fetus whose molecular-karyotype was indicated as normal by microarray CGH actually had a balanced translocation, 45,XY,der(14;21)(q10;q10). The results indicated that microarray CGH with cffDNA is a useful rapid prenatal diagnostic method at late gestation for chromosome abnormalities with copy-number changes, especially when combined with conventional karyotyping of cultured amniocytes.     

Routine prenatal diagnosis of aneuploidy by FISH studies in high‐risk pregnancies

This study is a prospective clinical trial with fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH) as a “routine” test for prenatal detection of the most common aneuploidies in high‐risk pregnancies. Since April 1996, FISH studies with multicolor, commercially available, specific probes for chromosomes 13, 18, 21, X, and Y have been routinely performed in our cytogenetic laboratory on uncultured chorionic villous samplings (CVS), amniotic fluid samples, or fetal blood obtained by cordocentesis from patients with major or minor fetal anomalies detected by ultrasonography. Among the 4,193 prenatal samples analyzed between April 1996 and June 1998, routine FISH studies were ordered by the referring physicians on 301 (7.2%) cases. Aneuploidies were detected in 32 (10.6%) samples. Fourteen trisomy‐21, 10 trisomy‐18, 3 trisomy‐13, 4 monosomies of X, and 1 case of triploidy were diagnosed by FISH. All 1,505 hybridizations were informative, and all 301 results were available and reported to the referring physicians in 24–48 hr. All relevant FISH results were confirmed by subsequent cytogenetic analysis. In 10 (3.8%) cases with normal FISH results, the final cytogenetic analysis revealed abnormal chromosomal rearrangements that could not be detected by the routine FISH studies. We conclude that rapid FISH analysis of interphase, uncultured fetal cells is an accurate and very sensitive method for routine prenatal diagnosis of the most common aneuploidies in high‐risk pregnancies. Am. J. Med. Genet. 90:233–238, 2000. © 2000 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.     

QF-PCR技术在快速产前诊断常见非整倍体染色体异常中的应用

目的:利用定量荧光PCR(QF-PCR)产前诊断常见非整倍体染色体异常。方法:对95例羊水样本采用QF-PCR技术检测短串联重复序列(STR)的多态性信息含量(PIC),并将所得实验结果与染色体核型分析结果进行比较。结果:QF-PCR检测发现95例羊水标本中正常63例,21三体14例(1例嵌合型,1例易位型),18三体4例,(45,X)3例,(47,XXX)8例;检测结果与染色体核型分析结果一致。QF-PCR检测结果的符合率为96.8%。结论:QF-PCR可快速检测非整倍体染色体异常,并且结果可靠。     

Use of interphase fluorescence in situ hybridization in third trimester fetuses with anomalies and growth retardation

In the last few years, attention has been focused on the use of interphase fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) for prenatal diagnosis with chromosome-specific DNA probes in the second trimester. This technique is accurate, rapid, and detects the most common aneuploidies. We present a preliminary study using FISH technique on uncultured amniotic cells derived from 30 fetuses with ultrasonographic evidence of intrauterine growth retardation (IUGR) in the third trimester. Fifteen fetuses were males and 15 were females. Seven fetuses (23.3%) had abnormal chromosomal constitution: five (18.6%) had trisomy 21, one (2.35%) had trisomy 18, and one (2.35%) showed a mosaic trisomy 18. No abnormalities were detected in the other 23 fetuses. Amniocentesis combined with FISH appears to be a safe, rapid, and accurate alternative to blood sampling in the third trimester, reducing the clinical and emotional stress of the time required to complete chromosome analysis by routine cytogenetics.