儿童乳牙患龋状况及社会因素和祖辈口腔健康行为影响分析

目的 调查金华市儿童乳牙患龋状况,分析社会因素及祖辈口腔健康行为的影响.方法 随机抽取金华市在园的1316名3～5岁学龄前儿童进行口腔健康检查,并随机抽取468名受检幼儿祖辈.本次调查采用问卷调查的方式进行.结果 共有750名学龄前儿童有龋病发生.不同性别儿童患龋率差异无统计学意义（P＞0.05）.儿童龋病发生的影响因素包括：祖辈看护幼儿、祖辈刷牙行为、祖辈拜访牙医时间、（外）祖父母受教育程度（P＜0.05）.结论 金华市3～5岁儿童具有较高的乳牙龋病发生率,对其进行定期的口腔健康检查及对祖辈进行口腔健康教育均为防治龋病的重要环节,从而降低儿童龋病发生率.     

口腔健康风险评估工具对智力发育障碍儿童口腔保健的影响

目的 基于口腔健康风险评估工具评估智力发育障碍儿童口腔健康风险，探讨口腔护理干预效果。 方法 于2016年2月-2018年2月采用随机整群抽样的方法选取本市6个聋哑学校6～10岁智力发育障碍儿童共316名，进行基于口腔健康风险评估工具的问卷调查，并将有口腔健康风险的儿童按随机数字表法分为对照组(126例)和干预组(125例)，对照组无护理干预措施，干预组采用综合护理干预，进行1年跟踪随访，评价蛀牙风险及牙齿恢复性需求，记录龋齿数量及牙周情况。 结果 316名智力缺陷儿童中城区儿童198例，郊县118例。城区儿童中有蛀牙风险人数为153例(77.3%)，郊县人数为98例(83.1%)。198例城区儿童中需要口腔护理人数为168例(84.8%)，郊县儿童数为108例(91.5%)。干预跟踪1年后，2组干预后蛀牙风险及恢复性需求相比，差异具有统计学意义(P<0.01)。对照组患有龋齿人数65例，平均龋齿数(2.1±0.5)颗，干预组有龋齿人数20例，平均龋齿数(1.2±0.2)颗，2组儿童龋齿情况相比差异具有统计学意义(均P<0.01)。此外，对照组牙龈出血55例，牙结石74例，干预组牙龋出血21例，牙结石25例，与对照组相比，干预组牙周情况显著改善(均P<0.01)。 结论 智力发育障碍儿童中普遍存在口腔健康问题，郊县比城区更严重，及时进行早期口腔护理干预可以有效改善口腔健康问题。      

Longitudinal follow-up survey of effects of oral health education on ECC

Objective To investigate the effect of oral comprehensive health care measures on the prevalence of early childhood caries in urban areas of China.Methods A total of 345 children aged 4 to 5 years old in Qingdao city were recruited for a year to conduct a single blind randomized controlled clinical trial. The children from four different kindergartens were included in the study. They were randomly divided into an experimental group(160 children) and a control group(185 children). The experimental group received oral health examination, while the children in the control group received oral health examination only. After 1 year's intervention, the oral health status of two groups of children was statistically analyzed, in order to explore the effect of dental care on early childhood caries.Results One year after intervention,the dmft and dmfs of the experimental group were significantly different from those in the control group(P 0.05).One year later, the oral hygiene habits and eating habits of the children and parents in two groups were significantly different from those before(P 0.001).Conclusion Studies have shown that the implementation of oral health education have a certain effect on the prevention and reduction of early childhood caries.     

Dental knowledge of educators and healthcare providers working with children with autism spectrum disorders

Objectives:

To evaluate dental knowledge and attitudes toward oral health care among healthcare providers and educators working with children with autism spectrum disorders (ASD) in central Saudi Arabia.

Methods:

There were 305 questionnaires distributed to 7 special-needs centers between September and November 2014. A total of 217 questionnaires were collected with a response rate of 71.1%. The study took place in the College of Dentistry, King Saud University, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.

Results:

Approximately 50.2% of the participants did not offer any toothbrushing advice, and 73.3% never recommended dental checkup visits to parents, and 75.6% never performed dental examinations to children under their care. Ten percent thought that children should have their first dental visit after 6 years of age. Almost all participants agreed that children should practice oral hygiene, and 60.4% think they should brush twice per day. In general, the participants choose toothbrushes and toothpaste as the main tools to perform oral hygiene. There were 35% of participants who believed that parents should be responsible for the children’s oral hygiene, and a few participants mentioned teachers and therapists to be responsible. Most of the participants (71.4%) did not receive any dental information from dental professional resources, only 14.3% of participants believed bacteria to be the cause of dental cavities.

Conclusion:

There is a clear lack of dental knowledge and attitudes, and its practical application among the participating group of healthcare providers working with children with ASD in Riyadh.Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a lifelong neurodevelopmental disability that affects children at a young age. Children with ASD usually show multiple, complicated deficiencies in their social, emotional, and communicative skills.1 Because of the multiple signs and symptoms of ASD, a multidisciplinary team is required to diagnose and offer comprehensive medical care for affected children. These teams usually include different specialists and subspecialists, such as general practitioners for primary diagnoses, and lead to referrals to relevant professionals or pediatricians who are able to confirm, or refute the ASD diagnosis. Clinical psychologists, psychiatrists, and psychotherapists (who are able to confirm the diagnosis of autism and introduce a customized individual behavior management plan), dieticians (who can provide advice and information concerning nutrition and diet), special educators (who can assess children’s educational needs), social workers (who can assess the care needs of children with ASD and their families), speech and language therapists (who can assess speech, language, and communication abilities), audiologists (who can evaluate possible hearing impairments), opticians (who can assess any visual difficulties that the children might have), in addition to specialists in oral health (OH [such as, pediatric dentist, who can perform early check-ups and introduce both primary and comprehensive preventive and therapeutic oral care]).2 From a medical point of view, the recognition and diagnosis of ASD in its early stages is significant. Early intervention and treatment can control, and in many cases improve, the symptoms.3,4 From a dental point of view, early examinations for intervention and prevention among children in general (and those with special needs specifically) are strongly recommended by major dental academies.2,5 However, because children with ASD have multiple medical issues, their dental issues might not receive equal consideration from healthcare providers (HCPs) trying to provide the best comprehensive care. In addition, several well-documented national and international studies have observed a lack of dental knowledge among primary HCPs,6-15 and educators16-20 who work with children. Most published studies have reported data collected from HCPs who work with healthy children, or those with disabilities, such as cerebral palsy, or Down syndrome, however, no studies have been conducted to assess the dental knowledge of educators and HCPs that interact with children diagnosed with ASD. Therefore, because of the unique characteristics of children with ASD, this study evaluated the dental knowledge of, and attitudes toward oral healthcare among different HCPs and educators interacting with children with ASD in Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA).     

Oral self-care practices among university students in Port Harcourt,Rivers State

Background:

The maintenance of optimum oral health is dependent on the efficacy of oral self-care. The objective of the present study was to evaluate oral self-care practices and knowledge among non-medical students at the University of Port Harcourt, Rivers State Nigeria.

Materials and Methods:

The cross-sectional survey was conducted among undergraduate students at the University of Port Harcourt Nigeria, in January, 2014. Self-administered questionnaire elicited information on demography, frequency of tooth brushing, type of tooth brush, use of dental floss and previous visit to the dentist.

Results:

A total of 360 young adults, 188 males and 172 females, aged 18-33 years participated in the study. Brushing habits of the study population was at least once a day (90%). Approximately half (52.5 %) of the samples used medium-sized bristles and about 28.8% of the students replaced their toothbrush every 3 months. Regarding oral hygiene aids, few students, 5.8% and 4.2% used dental floss and mouthwash, respectively, as oral cleaning aid. Most of the students (71.6%) had never visited the dentist, 18.1% visited due to dental pain and 8.1% for extraction. Regarding knowledge on oral hygiene practice, approximately 60% of students knew that we have to brush our teeth twice daily, 31% knew we need to visit the dentist twice a year and only 18% knew what was dental floss.

Conclusion:

Oral hygiene practices among the students were poor. Therefore, oral health education and promotion is required to improve oral hygiene practices and health among young adults and the general population.     

海南省三亚市黎族1680名小学生龋病调查

目的:探讨三亚市黎族学生龋病发病的影响因素,为该地区今后开展牙病防治工作提供依据。方法:对三亚市黎族地区10所学校1680名年龄6～13岁的小学生,由经过培训的牙科医生采用口内直视法进行口腔龋病检查。调查内容包括龋病患病状况、口腔卫生状况及问卷调查。结果:受检学生患龋率为35.53%,龋均为3.12颗;7～8岁年龄段患龋率及龋均最高,13岁以上年龄段患龋率及龋均最低,女生患龋率高于男生;龋病治疗率仅为4.12%,恒牙龋治疗率高于乳牙龋。黎族小学生刷格率仅为14.30%。结论:海南省三亚市黎族地区小学生龋病发病率较低,但龋病的预防与治疗情况较差;替牙期患龋率随着年龄增长而下降,恒牙的患龋率随着年龄增长而有所上升。其原因是学生及家长对龋病危害认识不足;农村口腔保健工作亟待加强,要提倡正确的刷牙方法,保持口腔清洁。学校应定期开展普查普治工作,加强替牙期学生龋齿的防治及相关的健康教育。     

温州市区5岁儿童乳牙患龋状况及危险因素分析

目的：了解温州市5岁儿童乳牙龋流行情况并对其危险因素进行分析,为开展低龄儿童龋病预防保健提供科学依据。方法：采用整群随机抽样的方法,对温州市6所幼儿园693名5岁儿童进行调查,由1名口腔医生参照WHO龋病诊断标准进行龋齿检查,并对儿童家长进行问卷调查,应用卡方检验筛选出乳牙龋病易感者的相关因素,进行logistic回归分析。结果：在693名受检儿童中,乳牙患龋率为72．72％,龋充填率为14．88鬈,龋均为4．35±4．37,龋面均为10．75±13．30。单因素分析结果显示：家庭经济收入、父母的口腔保健意识和行为、进甜食频率、睡前进食和含奶瓶睡觉与乳牙龋的发病相关（P〈0．05）。最终进入logistic回归模型的因素为进甜食频率、睡前进食、父母的口腔保健意识和行为以及含奶瓶睡觉。结论：温州市5岁儿童乳牙患龋状况较为严重,建议从限制糖的摄入频率、培养良好口腔卫生习惯和提高家长的口腔保健意识等方面入手,预防乳牙龋的发生。     

拉萨市6年级藏族学生口腔健康状况及其影响因素

目的 调查西藏拉萨市城镇小学生口腔健康状况和口腔保健意识,为当地口腔疾病防治和健康教育工作提供依据。方法 在拉萨市城关区20所小学中,采取整群抽样的方法随机抽取2所小学的藏族学生共504名,进行口腔检查和问卷调查。结果 该人群恒牙患龋率和龋均分别为75.00%和2.18±1.91,窝沟封闭率为3.77%,龋齿充填率为6.81%,第一恒磨牙患龋率为47.62%。女性的恒牙龋均和第一恒磨牙患龋率显著高于男性(P=0.001,P=0.007),氟牙症患病率为61.51%,牙石检出率为71.83%。恒牙患龋率的多因素回归分析结果显示,性别、口腔健康重要性认知、口腔就诊意愿和牙科就诊经历是恒牙患龋的独立影响因素。结论 拉萨地区小学生恒牙龋病患病率高,治疗率低,口腔卫生不良,口腔保健意识差,需继续加强对学校学生和家长的口腔健康宣教工作和医疗资源投入。     

牙周病相关危险因素分析

目的调查和分析四川省牙周病流行趋势及其相关危险因素。方法采用阶段分层等容量随机抽样,随机抽取四川省部分地区和人群,进行问卷调查和临床检查,分析影响牙周病的部分社会因素和生活方式,对400份调查资料的一般情况、健康行为、口腔情况、口腔保健、口腔治疗、全身健康史与牙龈指数、简化口腔卫生指数、牙龈探诊出血、牙周炎的关系进行Logistic多因素回归分析。结果(1)400例调查者中,牙周炎发病率达87.8%,平均牙周袋探诊深度(periodontal probing,PD)值为(1.71±0.81)mm;平均附着丧失(clinic attachment loss,CAL)值为(2.44±1.73)mm;简化口腔卫生指数(simpified oral hygiene index,OHSI)为(2.53±1.17),大多数人的口腔卫生水平状况较差;牙龈指数(gingivalindex,GI)为(1.926±0.224);80.28%的患者至少有1个部位探诊出血,牙龈探诊出血(bleeding on probing,BOP)阳性位点占全部检测位点的17.67%。(2)Logistic多因素回归分析表明:经常进食高纤维食品、...     

口服咪达唑仑清醒镇静术在儿童牙科充填治疗中的应用效果评价

目的评价口服咪达唑仑在儿童牙科充填治疗过程中的镇静效果。方法本研究为随机、双盲、对照临床实验,选择5～10岁(平均7.3岁)需进行牙科充填治疗的患儿40名,随机分为两组。试验组术前20分钟口服咪达唑仑(0.5mg/kg),空白对照组术前20分钟口服安慰剂 VitminC 液5ml,两组患儿均配合使用儿童专用束缚带和无痛局麻注射泵。治疗过程拍摄录像,双盲评价治疗依从性和治疗过程中的患儿精神状态情况。同时通过询问患儿,评价顺行性遗忘情况。结果两组患儿治疗过程中的行为和生理指标都有显著性差异,尤其是治疗依从性方面,咪达唑仑组与对照组比较有非常显著性差异(P<0.001)。结论口服咪达唑仑用于儿童牙科治疗镇静术是安全和有效的。同时,由于口服药易于被儿童接受的特点,必将促进这一方法在临床的快速推广。     

Personal hygiene practice and school-based health education of children in Anambra State,Nigeria

This study assessed the effect of school-based health education on the practice of personal hygiene by children in primary schools in Anambra State, Nigeria. Three hundred and ninety-five (395) and three hundred and ninety-eight (398) primary school pupils randomly recruited as intervention and control groups were rated on five key personal hygiene practices before, immediately after and three months after school-based hygiene health education. Less than 45% were rated clean before health education in both groups. Immediately after health education, more than 65% in the intervention group were rated clean. There was no change in the control group. The difference was statistically significant. However, there was a statistically insignificant decline in those rated clean three months after cessation of health education. The school-based health education improved the personal hygiene practice of the pupils. There is a need for regular reinforcement to sustain the gains.     

幼儿园培养5岁儿童口腔卫生保健习惯与预防龋齿的实践研究

目的 观察幼儿园培养5岁儿童口腔卫生保健习惯对预防龋齿的作用,为儿童防龋工作提供实践依据.方法 昆明市第十五幼儿园5岁儿童224人作为调查对象,对其进行口腔龋病检查及口腔保健行为问卷调查,之后随机分为实验组112人,对照组112人.对实验组培养口腔卫生保健习惯,2a后再次对实验组与对照组进行口腔龋病检查及口腔保健行为问卷调查,比较相关结果并作统计分析.结果 实验组患龋率(62.96％)、龋失补牙数(249颗)、龋均(2.31)明显低于对照组(69.23％、277颗、2.66),龋充填率(79.91％)明显高于对照组(38.82％),P＜0.05.实验组儿童口腔保健行为(刷牙次数,刷牙效果,零食习惯)均优于对照组.结论 培养幼儿园5岁儿童口腔卫生保健习惯是预防儿童龋病的有效途径.     

儿童口腔健康行为与龋病发病影响因素分析

目的对儿童口腔健康行为与龋病发病影响因素进行研究。方法选取在我院进行健康体检的3～6岁的儿童538例,男281例,女257例。对儿童龋病进行临床检查,并以问卷形式取得儿童口腔健康行为数据。结果总体患龋率为54.3%,龋均为1.52。龋病发病与儿童饭后是否漱口、每天刷牙次数、父母是否监督刷牙、睡前是否进食和是否定期口腔检查具有相关性,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论儿童口腔健康行为与龋病发病情况存在相关性.应加强对儿童家长的口腔健康教育.促进儿童口腔健康。     

Saudi newborn screening. A national public health program: needs, costs, and challenges

A Saudi newborn screening program is important to the half million Saudi children born each year in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. It is a coordinated and comprehensive system consisting of education, screening, diagnosis, treatment and management, follow-up, and program evaluation. The Saudi newborn population should benefit from this program and affected infants will be diagnosed early, and managed effectively. Both cost effectiveness, and cost benefit justifications are presented. Funding for the program can be a public health challenge. We offered recommendations to achieve this vital program.     

儿童牙科畏惧症行为管理的探讨

目的:针对牙科畏惧症患儿的特点探讨对患儿开展行为管理可以使用的最有效的方法。方法:210例畏惧症患儿随机分为2组,分别采取不同的行为诱导方法。对照组采用以讲授为主的传统式行为诱导方法,实验组采用在进行常规护理的同时实施系统、规范的强化行为诱导的方法,比较2组患儿对治疗的配合程度。结果:采取不同的行为诱导方法后,实验组配合治疗程度Ⅰ级的患儿有22.4%,而对照组为49.5%,实验组配合治疗程度Ⅱ级的患儿有63.6%,而对照组为16.5%,实验组配合治疗程度Ⅲ级的患儿有14.0%,而对照组为34.0%,2组间不同级别之间的差异有统计学意义,强化行为诱导明显优于传统式行为诱导的方法。结论:强化行为诱导方法可有效地减轻畏惧症患儿的恐惧心理,并提高患儿配合治疗的程度,值得在临床上推广应用。     

宝安区西乡街道中学生口腔健康教育与健康促进效果分析

目的对宝安区西乡街道中学生在不同教育模式下口腔健康教育与健康促进的效果进行分析。方法 2011年1～6月在宝安区西乡街道随机选取3所中学,每个学校抽取101名初一学生,男女比例约为1∶1,作为研究对象,三所学校学生随机分为班主任模式组（A组）、母亲模式组（B组）和对照组（C组）。3个月后复查三组学生教育前后口腔卫生指数和牙龈指数,综合指标判断不同教育模式下口腔健康教育与健康促进的效果。结果通过对A、B、C三组口腔教育前后口腔卫生指数、牙龈指数及知识掌握程度数据整理分析,A、B两组患者教育后口腔卫生指数、牙龈指数均有所改善,与C组比较差异有统计学意义（P均〈0.05）。在教育后知识掌握程度方面,A组合格率为89.11%,B组72.43%,C组52.48%,A、B组均高于C组,差异有统计学意义（P均〈0.01）。结论在班主任模式、母亲模式两种不同教育模式下,口腔健康教育与健康促进均具有显著效果,且各具优势,均具有临床试验的实际意义。     

深圳市1877名学龄前儿童龋病调查分析

目的了解深圳市宝安区学龄前儿童患龋状况。方法采用随机整群抽样的方法,对深圳市宝安区松岗街道的学龄前儿童进行龋病调查。结果1877名学龄前儿童乳牙患龋率为63.45%,龋均为3.76,龋齿充填率仅1.09%;恒牙患龋率为0.43%,龋均为0.01,充填率为0。结论学龄前儿童龋病是一个严重的卫生问题,应加强健康教育,提高保健人员和家长的口腔保健意识,培养幼儿良好的口腔卫生习惯,发现龋病及时治疗。     

Oral care of elderly patients: nurses' knowledge and views

It is important that healthcare professionals caring for the elderly in hospitals have a core knowledge of the orodental care requirements of their patients. The aim of this study was to determine the knowledge and views of nurses working on acute and rehabilitation care of the elderly wards about orodental care. One hundred nurses and healthcare assistants took part in this questionnaire study of which 58 were qualified nurses and 70 had been employed on care of the elderly wards for two or more years. Although the majority of the respondents were registered with a dentist and attended regularly, 40 did have 'some anxiety' about visiting their dentist. Approximately half of the study population regularly gave advice to their patients about dental care but their knowledge of and reasons for providing oral care and advice was often incorrect. The group's understanding of the availability of dental treatment provided by the National Health Service was also often inaccurate. It was concluded that a better core knowledge of the orodental care of older patients is required by all healthcare professionals who care for this group. It is also important that individuals in whom anxiety is associated with their own dental experience do not neglect to give orodental health advice to their patients.     

家长对儿童口腔保健家庭医生签约服务意愿及影响因素研究

背景　儿童口腔患龋率高,事态严峻。而目前我国口腔医疗服务供给体系总量不足,分布不均,对于群体性的口腔保健服务供给不足。目的　本文旨在研究家长对儿童口腔保健家庭医生签约服务的意愿及其影响因素,为儿童全面、持续、协调的口腔预防保健服务后续推进及儿童龋齿的防治提供参考。方法　2019年10月-2020年1月,分层选取成都市武侯区内的6家社区卫生服务中心,将进行儿童保健的家长作为研究对象。采取偶然抽样方法,采集其基本信息、儿童及家长口腔情况和保健干预情况、口腔就医习惯,采用多因素Logistic回归分析影响家长儿童口腔保健签约服务意愿的因素。结果　共发放问卷311份,实际回收303份,有效回收率为97.4%。39.6%（120/303）的儿童发生过口腔疾病问题,11.6%（35/303）的儿童接受过窝沟封闭或涂氟预防措施,36.3%（110/303）的儿童接受过儿童口腔卫生指导,68.3%（207/303）的儿童家长有意愿接受儿童口腔保健签约服务。孩子是否曾经做过窝沟封闭或者涂氟等预防措施、是否接受过专业口腔卫生指导及家长口腔健康知识知晓情况,不同情况的家长对儿童口腔保健家庭医生签约服务意愿比较,差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）。多因素Logistic回归分析显示,孩子是否做过窝沟封闭或者涂氟等预防措施是家长对儿童口腔保健家庭医生签约服务意愿的影响因素（P<0.05）。结论　儿童做过窝沟封闭或者涂氟等预防措施的家庭、接受过专业口腔卫生指导的家庭及家长具备口腔健康知识的家庭,更愿意签约儿童口腔保健服务。大力持续深入开展学校儿童口腔疾病综合干预项目的同时,基层医疗卫生机构应结合儿童健康管理与学校卫生工作,以健康教育与预防性门诊干预为主,积极开展儿童口腔保健签约服务,覆盖全龄儿童,进一步降低患龋率。     

新型冠状病毒肺炎疫情期儿童的口腔管理

新型冠状病毒肺炎已成为波及全国乃至全球的重大公共卫生事件。做好新型冠状病毒肺炎疫情期间儿童的口腔健康管理与疾病防治,对儿童的口腔与全身健康至关重要。为了防止交叉感染、阻断病原经口腔的传播途径,家长应居家培养孩子保持手卫生,适当运动,增强身体抵抗力,引导、监督或帮助儿童养成有效刷牙、使用牙线等良好的口腔卫生习惯和饮食习惯,避免出现口腔疾病及急危重症情况。出现口腔非急症家长可协助儿童采取含漱等一些措施缓解症状,待疫情过后择期治疗;出现急性牙髓根尖周炎、牙外伤、口腔颌面部感染等口腔急症,家长和患儿应做好个人防护后及时到口腔诊疗机构就诊。在疫情期间儿童口腔急症的处理应按照目前国内外口腔感染预防和控制相关指南和文献,做好新型冠状病毒肺炎的防控。