中西医结合治疗伸直型膝关节僵硬

作者从 1996年开始采用手术松解粘连 ,术后早期进行无痛功能锻炼 ,并辅以中药熏洗治疗伸直型膝关节僵硬 11例 ,取得较好效果 ,现报告如下。1　临床资料本组共 11例 ,男性 9例 ,女性 2例。年龄 2 1～ 37岁。病程 0 .7～ 5年。病因 :股骨干骨折 8例 ,膝关节感染后 1例 ,胫骨平台骨折 2例。关节活动度 :5°～ 49°,平均屈膝 34°。2　治疗方法2 .1　手术方法 :采用连续硬膜外麻醉 ,行股四头肌成形术 7例 ,膝关节粘连松解术 3例 ,股四头肌成形加膝关节松解术 1例。所有病例术后膝关节屈曲度 >10 0° ,术后放置负压引流48ｈ ,留置硬膜外导管 ,石…     

伸直型膝关节僵直手术的各组织延长研究

目的　探讨延长膝关节局部组织对治疗伸直型膝关节僵直的可行性与价值。方法　术前 1个月行膝关节前方皮肤推拿、或扩张器扩张按摩 ;手术取膝关节外侧切口 ,切除部分挛缩的股中间肌、股内外侧肌纤维 ,皮瓣宽度要求在 15cm以上 ,将股直肌游离延长达 2 5～ 3 0cm ,凿除股骨干、股骨髁处骨痂隆起 ,髌骨外侧切开关节囊 ,股胫关节内粘连用长弯剪探入剪开 ,术后 2～ 3d固定 ,开始无痛锻炼。结果　 2 5例中2 3例一期愈合 ,2例功能稍差 ,膝关节活动范围 90～ 10 0°,其余膝关节伸直 0～ 5° ,屈曲 10 0～ 13 0°。结论　延长膝关节局部组织是治疗伸直型膝关节僵直可行和有效的治疗方法。     

全膝关节置换术后髌腱断裂1例

患者,女,76岁。因右膝关节疼痛20年加重并行走困难2年收住。查体:右膝关节内翻畸形(25°),关节伸屈活动受限(10°~70°),X线示关节增生骨赘形成并关节内翻,关节外侧间隙变窄,内侧间隙消失。既往糖尿病史10年余。入院行全膝关节置换术(InnexTM固定衬垫型膝关节系统),术后3 d开始膝关节功能锻炼,1周扶步行器下地行走,2周出院时膝关节伸屈活动0°~90°,6周行走基本正常,膝关节伸屈活动0°~100°,关节无肿胀,拍片假体位置良好。术后2月余不慎滑倒,膝关节半屈曲位受力,即出现膝关节肿胀疼痛,伸膝无力。查膝局部肿胀压痛,髌腱正常轮廓消失,髌腱…     

射频汽化技术在关节镜手术的临床应用

介绍应用射频汽化技术在关节镜下手术的临床应用与疗效。自2000年5月－2001年12月，应用射频汽化技术进行关节镜手术134例，其中肩袖损伤6例，钙化性冈上肌腱炎5例，肱骨大结节骨折关节镜下经皮复位空心钉内固定3例，臀肌挛缩松解术7例，关节镜下股骨干钢板取出3例，髋关节感染病灶清创3例，股骨头无菌性坏死9例，骨性关节炎6例，髋滑膜软骨瘤病6例，膝关节骨性关节炎20例，半月板损伤21例，镜下ACL重建14例，ACL松弛行射频皱缩术4例，髌骨半脱位支持带松解6例，膝关节镜粘连松解6例，膝国窝囊肿关节镜下射频汽化4例，踝关节撞击征6例、滑膜炎5例。结果表明，关节镜下射频手术具有低温冷凝、绉缩、汽化、切割和止血等特点，创伤小、组织反应轻、渗出少，术后关节无肿胀，有利于早期功能恢复。     

半月板游走髌上囊一例

半月板破裂游走髌上囊极为罕见.我院收治1例,报告如下.患者,男性,53岁.1991年9月28日以左膝关节游离体住院.患者1988年10月不明原因出现左膝疼痛,活动时加重,上下楼时常有交锁现象,入院前1月无意中发现左膝髌上有一粟子大包块,随膝关节屈伸而活动.检查:一般情况好.轻度跛行,左膝活动时弹响,屈曲受限活动范围:0～100°,左髌上可触及-3.5×4.5cm不规则包块,质硬,轻压痛,在囊内活动.髌上囊无肿胀.左膝内侧研磨试验(+),浮髌试验(-),左股四头肌轻度萎缩.X线片示:左膝内侧关节间隙变窄,髌上囊钙化,关节诸骨均骨质增生.血尿便常规、血沉、AKP及血清钙均正常.术前诊断:①左髌上囊游离体;②左膝创伤性关节炎.术中见左髌上囊内光滑,滑液清亮,内有一游离     

大骨节病继发双膝色素性绒毛结节状滑膜炎一例

患者,男性,45岁,临潼县山区农民.因间歇性四肢关节活动痛28年、右膝加重活动受限1年于1986年9月入院.查四肢关节均有不同程度的粗大畸形,活动受限,右膝肿胀,以骸上囊更重,触之实性感,压痛,右膝关节呈80°屈曲固定,活动障碍,浮髌试验(一).双膝X线片示:关节间隙均变窄,关节面呈虫蚀样缺损,密度增高,股骨内外髁及髌骨后缘、胫骨髁间嵴唇样增生,关节腔内各有2个游离体.双腕双踝关节X线片均示:关节间隙变窄,关节面硬化,凹凸不平,腕骨、距骨体积小,密度高.距骨颈短,滑车低平,关节腔穿刺抽出棕褐色液体.诊断为大骨节病并右膝滑膜炎.手术见右膝关节内滑膜弥漫增生,为棕褐色绒毛状,髌上囊更甚,呈结节状,部分呈灰色,关节面软骨大部分脱落,凹凸不平,部分绒毛呈丛状附于内外髁裸露的骨质上,腔内有大小不等的游离体3个.切除增生的滑膜组织约8×8×3cm.病检为色素性绒毛结节状滑膜炎.术后1个月又出现左膝肿痛活动受限,反复发作,于1987年10月再次入院.查左膝肿胀,髌上隆起,触之呈海绵     

透明质酸钠预防膝关节内骨折内固定后膝关节粘连的疗效观察

目的　探讨膝关节内骨折内固定术后预防膝关节粘连的方法。方法　全部膝关节内骨折患者接受骨折内固定术。其中观察组术后关节腔内注射透明质酸钠 ,而对照组则不用 ,观察术后膝关节伸屈活动度以评价疗效。结果　 6 4例患者中 5 6例获得随访 ,随访时间 8～ 2 4个月 ,观察组术后平均膝关节活动度为 ( 85 .3± 1 9.6 )°;对照组为 ( 76 .4± 1 6 .8)°。观察组术后平均膝关节活动度明显大于对照组 ,两者有显著差异 (P <0 .0 5 ) ,表明透明质酸钠治疗组结果优于对照组。结论　膝关节内骨折内固定术后透明质酸钠关节腔内注射 ,可有效防止关节粘连     

膝关节半月板损伤的CT诊断

本文报告经ＣＴ检查诊断的膝关节半月板损伤 82例 ,以期提高对半月板损伤ＣＴ诊断的认识。1　材料与方法　　 82例中 ,男 65例 ,女 1 7例 ,年龄 1 4～ 59岁 ,平均年龄32 3岁。多以膝关节外伤后临床怀疑半月板损伤而就诊 ,病程 2天～ 1 2年不等。应用ＳｏｍａｔｏｍＣＲＣＴ扫描机 ,采用平扫或充气造影加ＣＴ扫描 (于髌上囊穿刺后注入空气 1 0 .0～ 50 .0ｍｌ,然后用绷带包紧髌上囊 ,将气体压入膝关节腔 ,使患者活动后行ＣＴ扫描 )。扫描体位 :双脚跟并拢 ,脚尖自然分开约 60°,双侧膝关节屈曲 1 5°并拢 ,可用加压带固定。2　结果　　本组 …     

色素沉着性绒毛结节样滑膜炎术后复发1例

患者女,15岁。于2005年7月拟诊色素沉着性绒毛结节样滑膜炎。行手术切除滑膜,术后右膝关节肿胀消退,病理诊断为绒毛结节性滑膜炎。2006年初右膝关节再次出现肿胀,逐渐加重。查体右膝关节前侧见纵行手术瘢痕,浮髌实验( ),局部无明显压痛。右膝关节正侧位X片示构成关节各骨未见异常,关节周围软组织肿胀。右膝关节MRI扫描示右膝关节髌上囊及关节腔内见长T1、长T2液体信号,边缘见多发结节,T1WI呈等信号,T2WI呈低信号,水激发序列呈低信号(图1~3),内外侧半月板未见异常信号,前后交叉、内外侧副韧带未见异常。增强扫描见囊壁及结节明显强化,周…     

前交叉韧带重建术移植物止点对术后膝关节屈伸活动影响的临床研究

目的通过研究移植物止点对术后膝关节屈伸活动的影响,寻求前交叉韧带重建中移植物在股骨和胫骨上的最佳止点.方法对39例关节镜下前交叉韧带重建术后的病人摄膝关节正侧位片,测量移植物止点的位置.以术后3周膝关节的主动活动度进行分组.结果①术后3周有30例病人主动屈曲达90°,其股骨止点位于Blumensaat's线后15.62～48.48%(平均31.51%);未达90°的9例病人的止点位于29.03～75.76%(平均57.32%),两组比较差异显著(P＜0.001).②术后3周有7例主动伸直未达0°,其胫骨止点位于胫骨平台的前18.87～34.50%(平均24.14%),32例伸直达0°者的止点位于25.81～44.83%(平均36.03%),两组比较差异显著(P＜0.001).结论术后膝关节的屈曲功能与移植物的上止点关系密切,伸直与下止点相关.最佳股骨止点位于Blumensaat's线后20～40%,髁间窝顶点的外侧部;胫骨止点位于胫骨平台的前30～40%,两个髁间棘之间.     

The acutely limping child

Acute limping may be the result of multiple pathologies in children. The differential diagnosis varies based on the age of the child. Irrespective of age, the initial imaging work-up includes AP and frog leg radiographs of the pelvis and ultrasound; MRI may sometimes be helpful. In children less than 3 years, infections and trauma are most frequent. MRI is the imaging modality of choice when osteomyelitis is clinically suspected. Between the ages of 3 and 10 years, transient synovitis of the hip and Legg-Calvé-Perthes disease are main considerations but infection, inflammation and focal bony lesions are also considered. In children over 10 years, slipped capital femoral epiphysis also is considered.     

The role of interventional radiology in trauma

Introduction Interventional Radiology has evolved into a specialty having enormous input into the care of the traumatized patient.In all hospitals,regardless of size,the Interventional Radiologist must consider their relationships with the trauma service in order to     

Carbohydrate Supplementation during Exercise: Does It Help? How Much is Too Much?

KEY POINTS· Carbohydrate intake during exercise can delay the onset of fatigue and improve performance of prolonged exercise as well as exercise of shorter duration and greater intensity (e.g., continuous exercise lasting about 1h and intermittent high-intensity exercise), but the mechanisms by which performance is improved are different.     

Diagnóstico ecográfico del neumotórax

The ultrasonographic diagnosis of pneumothorax is based on the analysis of artifacts. It is possible to confirm or rule out pneumothorax by combining the following signs: lung sliding, the A and B lines, and the lung point. One fundamental advantage of lung ultrasonography is its easy access in any critical situation, especially in patients in the intensive care unit. For this reason, chest ultrasonography can be used as an alternative to plain-film X-rays and computed tomography in critical patients and in patients with normal plain films in whom pneumothorax is strongly suspected, as well as to evaluate the extent of the pneumothorax and monitor its evolution.     

High Intensity Interval Training:New Insights

KEY POINTS ·High-intensity interval training(HIT)is characterized by repeated sessions of relatively brief，intermittent exercise.often performed with an“a11 out”effort or at an intensity close to that which elicits peak oxygen uptake(i.e.，≥90%of VO2 peak).     

磁共振DWI和动态增强鉴别颅底脊索瘤和侵袭性垂体瘤的应用

目的 探讨磁共振扩散加权成像(DWI)和动态增强在颅底脊索瘤和侵袭性垂体瘤(IPA)鉴别诊断中的应用价值.方法 搜集经手术病理证实且影像学有鞍区破坏的颅底脊索瘤患者15例、向鼻咽部侵犯的IPA患者20例.测量二者的表观扩散系数(ADC)值,绘制受试者工作特征曲线(ROC),分析动态增强曲线的类型,统计达峰时间(TTP)、增强峰值(EP)和最大对比增强率(MCER),分析各个参数在鉴别诊断中的价值.结果 颅底脊索瘤的ADC值为(1.274±0.07)×10-3mm2/s,高于IPA ADC值(0.672±0.03) ×10-3 mm2/s(P ＜0.001),ADC阈值为0.964×10-3mm2/s时,ROC曲线下面积为0.997,敏感度为93.3％,特异度为100％.颅底脊索瘤时间-信号强度曲线(TIC)Ⅰ型14例,TICⅢ型1例,此例TICⅢ型者TTP约40 s;IPA TIC Ⅰ型7例,TICⅢ型13例.颅底脊索瘤和IPA的EP、MCER差异均有统计学意义(P ＜0.001).结论 ADC值和TIC的类型及其相关参数(EP,MCER)有助于颅底脊索瘤和IPA之间的鉴别.     

Treatment of intrahepatic arteriovenous fistula in hepatocellular carcinoma with N-butyl-2-cyanoacrylate

Primary hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) continues to be one of the most common malignancies with an incidence of approximately one million cases per year and a dismal prognosis; some authors have reported a median survival of 1 ～ 2 months after diagnosis. Although surgery remains the only hope for cure, few patients are candidates[1,2].     

U50,488H对正常及缺氧心肌细胞L型钙电流的作用

目的 探讨心脏阿片受体和β-受体相互作用的机制。方法 采用全细胞膜片钳技术,观察U50,488H(β-阿片受体选择性激动剂)对正常和缺氧心肌细胞L型钙电流的作用。结果 U50,488H剂量依赖性(0．1～100μmol／L)抑制正常心肌细胞的L型钙电流及异丙肾上腺素(0．1μmol／L)激动的钙电流,而细胞缺氧后,这一抑制作用减弱;U50,488H对Forskolin(10μmol／L)激动的L型钙电流无明显影响。结论 β-阿片受体对β-受体信号的负性调节作用在细胞缺氧后减弱,其作用位点可能发生于β-受体与腺苷酸环化酶环节之间。     

Developmental validation of the PowerPlex(®) ESI 16 and PowerPlex(®) ESI 17 Systems: STR multiplexes for the new European standard

In response to the ENFSI and EDNAP groups’ call for new STR multiplexes for Europe, Promega^® developed a suite of four new DNA profiling kits. This paper describes the developmental validation study performed on the PowerPlex^® ESI 16 (European Standard Investigator 16) and the PowerPlex^® ESI 17 Systems. The PowerPlex^® ESI 16 System combines the 11 loci compatible with the UK National DNA Database^®, contained within the AmpFlSTR^® SGM Plus^® PCR Amplification Kit, with five additional loci: D2S441, D10S1248, D22S1045, D1S1656 and D12S391. The multiplex was designed to reduce the amplicon size of the loci found in the AmpFlSTR^® SGM Plus^® kit. This design facilitates increased robustness and amplification success for the loci used in the national DNA databases created in many countries, when analyzing degraded DNA samples. The PowerPlex^® ESI 17 System amplifies the same loci as the PowerPlex^® ESI 16 System, but with the addition of a primer pair for the SE33 locus. Tests were designed to address the developmental validation guidelines issued by the Scientific Working Group on DNA Analysis Methods (SWGDAM), and those of the DNA Advisory Board (DAB). Samples processed include DNA mixtures, PCR reactions spiked with inhibitors, a sensitivity series, and 306 United Kingdom donor samples to determine concordance with data generated with the AmpFlSTR^® SGM Plus^® kit. Allele frequencies from 242 white Caucasian samples collected in the United Kingdom are also presented. The PowerPlex^® ESI 16 and ESI 17 Systems are robust and sensitive tools, suitable for the analysis of forensic DNA samples. Full profiles were routinely observed with 62.5 pg of a fully heterozygous single source DNA template. This high level of sensitivity was found to impact on mixture analyses, where 54–86% of unique minor contributor alleles were routinely observed in a 1:19 mixture ratio. Improved sensitivity combined with the robustness afforded by smaller amplicons has substantially improved the quantity of data obtained from degraded samples, and the improved chemistry confers exceptional tolerance to high levels of laboratory prepared inhibitors.     

Knee injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS) - validation of a Swedish version

The Knee injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS) is a self-administered instrument measuring outcome after knee injury at impairment, disability, and handicap level in five subscales. Reliability, validity, and responsiveness of a Swedish version was assessed in 142 patients who underwent arthroscopy because of injury to the menisci, anterior cruciate ligament, or cartilage of the knee. The clinimetric properties were found to be good and comparable to the American version of the KOOS. Comparison to the Short Form-36 and the Lysholm knee scoring scale revealed expected correlations and construct validity. Item by item, symptoms and functional limitations were compared between diagnostic groups. High responsiveness was found three months after arthroscopic partial meniscectomy for all subscales but Activities of Daily Living.