发酵法制核黄素

以实验用Ｅ．ａｓｈｂｙｉＡｓ２．４８１为对象，研究了菌种特性，并对发酵培养基配方及摇瓶工艺条件进行了优化。研究结果：发酵培养基以葡萄糖、蛋白胨、玉米浆为主要原料；发酵起始ＰＨ＝６．８；５００ｍｌ和２５０ｍｌ三角瓶最佳装液量分别是６０～７０ｍｌ和２０～３０ｍｌ；接种量为１０％，在振动次数１００ｒ／ｍｉｎ，振幅８～１０ｃｍ的摇床上进行摇瓶。以豆油或油酸钠为促生因子，核黄素产量从０．１ｇ／Ｌ提高到０．６ｇ／Ｌ．     

玉米原料细菌酒精发酵的研究

对运动发酵单胞菌ＺｙｍｏｍｏｎａｓｍｏｂｉｌｉｓＡＴＣＣ３１８２１的试验表明：该菌株最适发酵糖浓度为１５０～２００ｇ／Ｌ，ｐＨ为７左右。以玉米粉为原料，该菌株在发酵速率及淀粉出酒率等方面均比Ｋ字酵母优越。玉米粉在糖化３０ｍｉｎ，添加ＣＡＸ２０ｇ／Ｌ３５℃发酵４０ｈ后，酒精度达７２ｇ／Ｌ残糖（还原糖）４．２ｇ／Ｌ淀粉利用率９１．５％；淀粉出酒率４８．５％（按无水酒精计）。     

核黄素产生菌T30的补料发酵

对核黄素产生菌Ｔ３０补料发酵进行了研究。结果表明，发酵液呈非牛顿特性，充足的溶氧是核黄素高产的关键。补料发酵可以提高核黄素的产量，补料以补糖为主，补单糖或双糖均可。补糖时间与发酵液的ｐＨ值和菌体生长情况密切相关。发酵４８ｈ以后，控制发酵液的ｐＨ值在５．４～６．２之间，多次少量补糖，核黄素的产量可提高２０％～３０％．经补糖发酵后，Ｔ３０的核黄素产量可达８ｇ／Ｌ以上。     

好氧发酵法生产甘油的转化率和生产强度

设计了小型玻璃连续发酵反应器，考察了甘油发酵的生产强度和转化率变化规律。结果表明：转化率随发酵时间的延长趋于一定值。对甘油发酵过程作碳源衡算，求得理论转化率ＹＰ＝１．５７；甘油浓度对发酵时间作图是一条“Ｓ”形曲线，生产强度随发酵时间有一峰值的变化。采用了高密发酵来提高发酵生产强度，结果表明：菌体浓度为１１％～１２％发酵液发酵６０ｈ甘油浓度达到１０８．９ｇ／Ｌ，生产强度为１．８１ｇ／（Ｌｈ），８０ｈ甘油浓度为１４２ｇ／Ｌ，生产强度为１．７７ｇ／（Ｌｈ）．发酵结束转化率达到５２％．     

灵芝胞外多糖深层发酵培养基的优化

研究了营养性因子对灵芝多糖深层发酵的影响，结果表明葡萄糖、玉米粉、酒糟、酵母膏和麸皮有利于胞外多糖的形成。Ｃ／Ｎ比实验表明，较高的Ｃ／Ｎ比有利于胞外多糖的形成。进一步的正交优化实验确定了灵芝多糖深层发酵的最佳培养基组成（ｇ／Ｌ）为∶酒糟８０（含水量７５％），葡萄糖１０，玉米粉１０，麸皮５．在２５Ｌ发酵罐上灵芝发酵胞外多糖的最高产量是２．９１ｇ／Ｌ．     

骨肉瘤大剂量甲氨喋呤化疗的血清药物浓度监测

测定骨肉瘤大剂量甲氨喋呤（ｍｅｔｈｏｔｒｅｘａｔｅＭＴＸ）化疗４２例次，化疗方案分两组，第一组ＭＴＸ剂量为２００ｍｇ／ｋｇ，静脉滴注时间为２、４、６小时；第二组静脉滴注时间为６小时，ＭＴＸ剂量为２００ｍｇ／ｋｇ、３００ｍｇ／ｋｇ、４００ｍｇ／ｋｇ、５００ｍｇ／ｋｇ。结果表明，零时血清药物浓度随滴注时间的延长而下降，为６．２×１０－４ｍｏｌ／Ｌ，５．１×１０－４ｍｏｌ／Ｌ、５．０×１０－４ｍｏｌ／Ｌ，各时间组之间无显著性差异；零时血清药物浓度随ＭＴＸ剂量增加而显著增高，为５．０×１０－４ｍｏｌ／Ｌ、７．７×１０－４ｍｏｌ／Ｌ、１．１×１０－３ｍｏｌ／Ｌ、２．７×１０－３ｍｏｌ／Ｌ。零时血清药物浓度越高，血清药物浓度下降速度越快，２４小时为１×１０－６ｍｏｌ／Ｌ左右，２４小时以后，下降速度缓慢，至７２小时为１×１０－７ｍｏｌ／Ｌ左右。２４小时以后的血清药物浓度差异不大     

选择性分离放线菌

进行了土样的预处理试验,探讨了平板培养基中抑制剂重酪酸钾的最适浓度．结果表明,选择性分离放线菌的比较适宜的方法为：采集的土样在２８℃或室温条件下风干１０～２０ｄ后,将土壤悬浮液（１０－１）于４０℃和ｐＨ７的条件下,加６％酵母膏和０．０５％ＳＤＳ（５ｍｍｏｌ／Ｌ磷酸缓冲液）,震荡２０ｍｉｎ,水稀释至１０－２;或土壤悬浮液（１０－１）于５０℃和ｐＨ７的条件下,加６％胨和０．０５％ＳＤＳ（５ｍｍｏｌ／Ｌ磷酸缓冲液）,震荡１０ｍｉｎ,水稀释至１０－２．然后用平板稀释法接菌在高氏合成１号琼脂＋重酪酸钾（质量浓度为２５０ｍｇ／Ｌ）的平板培养基上,培养７ｄ后挑菌分离     

发酵生产谷氨酰胺转胺酶的摇瓶条件

在摇瓶条件下， 以淀粉为碳源，蛋白胨及酵母膏为氮源，对Ｓｔｒｅｐｔｏｖｅｒｔｉｃｉｌｌｉｕｍｍ ｏｂａｒａｅｎｓｅ生产谷氨酰胺转胺酶（ＭＴＧ）的摇瓶发酵条件进行了探索．研究结果表明，发酵法生产谷氨酰转胺酶的适宜初始ｐＨ 值、淀粉质量浓度、接种量分别为６．１，２ ｇ／ｄＬ，１０％ ；ＭＴＧ酶活最高可达１．８３ ｕｍ ｏｌ／（ｍ ｉｎ·ｍ Ｌ）．初始加入硫酸铵对菌体生长影响不大，但对ＭＴＧ 的合成却产生抑制作用；初始加入纯氨基酸及胱氨酸母液不利于ＭＴＧ 酶活的提高．     

小流量吸入麻醉定量给药的探讨

对１６例开胸术全麻患者初步探讨了小流量吸入麻醉的定量给药。初始相载气量是５Ｌ／ｍｉｎ，挥发器刻度由０．５％开启，Ｖｒ８～１０ｍｌ／ｋｇ，呼吸频率为２０次／ｍｉｎ，每５次通气增加半个百分浓度，到４％时做１２次通气，然后进入维持相，将载气量改为１Ｌ／ｍｉｎ，ＶＴ不变，呼吸频率改为１０次／ｍｉｎ，挥发器输出刻度为１％，１小时后再将挥发器调为０．７５％，在以后的２～３小时内不做任何调整。按此法给药，维持期安氟醚ＦＡ０．５５％，异氟醚ＦＡ０．７６％。辅以小剂量芬太尼，麻醉平稳，术后无记忆。     

培养基及培养条件对普鲁兰酶的影响

从土壤中分离出一株产普鲁兰酶的菌株,初步鉴定为芽孢杆菌．通过优化发酵培养基及发酵培养条件,在２５０ｍＬ的摇瓶中可达到４．５μｍｏｌ／（ｍｉｎ·ｍＬ）的普鲁兰酶酶活．优化后的发酵培养基成分如下：玉米支链淀粉２ｇ／ｄＬ,蛋白胨２ｇ／ｄＬ,牛肉膏１．５ｇ／ｄＬ,ＮａＣｌ０．５ｇ／ｄＬ,ＭｎＳＯ４２μｍｏｌ／Ｌ．摇瓶发酵工艺条件：接种量１７％,温度３７℃,摇瓶转速２２０ｒ／ｍｉｎ,ｐＨ６．０,发酵周期３２ｈ．通过２Ｌ容积的发酵罐批式发酵,酶活可稳定在３．３μｍｏｌ／（ｍｉｎ·ｍＬ）左右     

胸腰椎骨折椎弓根内固定断裂与植骨融合方式的相关性分析

[目的]探讨胸腰椎骨折椎弓根螺钉内固定系统内固定术后,椎弓根螺钉断裂与植骨融合方式之间的关系,以探讨胸腰椎骨折植骨融合的最佳方式。[方法]回顾性研究1995年5月~2005年12月本院脊柱外科收治的胸腰椎骨折病人197例,其中A组单纯内固定(不植骨)患者14例,B组“H”形椎板植骨21例,C组横突间植骨67例,D组椎间、椎内联合横突间植骨95例。[结果]术后随访6~32个月,内固定断裂12例,其中A组4例,B组3例,C组5例,D组0例,4组中D组内固定断裂率显著低于其他3组(P<0.05)。[结论]椎间、椎体内联合横突间植骨重建脊柱三柱的稳定性,符合人体生物力学原理,能有效降低内固定断裂的发生。     

On the measurement of the functional properties of the CFTR

A number of methods are currently employed to assess the functional properties of CFTR channels and their response to pharmacological potentiators, correction of the defective CFTR trafficking, and vectorial introduction of new proteins. Here we review the most common methods used to assess CFTR channel function. The suitability of each technique to various experimental conditions is discussed.     

The Measurement of the Inclination Angle of the Hamate and Analysis of the Inclination Angle for the Rotation Deformity of the Little Finger in the Fixation of the Carpometacarpal Joint

ObjectiveComplex base fractures of the fifth metacarpal bone and dislocation of the fifth carpometacarpal joint are more prone to internal rotation deformity of the little finger sequence after fixation with a transarticular plate. In the past, we have neglected that there is actually a certain angle of external rotation in the hamate surface of transarticular fixation. This study measured the inclination angle of the hamate surface relative to the fifth metacarpal surface for clinical reference.MethodsIn a prospective single‐center study, we investigated the tilt angle of 60 normal hamates. The study included thin‐layer computed tomography (CT) data from 60 patients from the orthopaedic clinic and inpatient unit from January 2017 to March 2020, including 34 men and 26 women who were 15~59 years old, average 35 years old. The CT data of 60 cases in Dicom format of the hand was input into Mimics and 3‐Matics software for three‐dimensional (3D) reconstruction and measuring the angle α between hamate surface and the fifth metacarpal surface. According to the possible placement of the transarticular plate on the fifth metacarpal surface, we measured the angle β between the hamate surface 1 and the fifth metacarpal surface and the angle γ between the hamate surface 2 and the fifth metacarpal surface.ResultsThe average angle between the hamate surface and the fifth metacarpal surface was 11.66°. The hamate surfaces 1 and 2 have an external rotation angle of 7.30° and 7.51° on average with respect to the fifth metacarpal surface, respectively. There is no statistically significant difference in the angles between the two groups (P > 0.05).ConclusionsThe horizontal angle of the dorsal side of the hamate is different from the back of the fifth metacarpal surface, and the hamate has a certain external rotation angle with respect to the fifth metacarpal surface. No matter how the transarticular plate is placed, the plate always has a certain external rotation angle relative to the fifth metacarpal surface. When the fixation is across the fifth carpometacarpal joint, if the plate does not twist and shape, it will inevitably cause internal rotation of the fifth metacarpal, resulting in internal rotation deformity of the little finger sequence.     

静脉输注甘露醇开放血脑屏障对抗生素透过血脑屏障的影响

目的　通过快速静脉输注甘露醇可逆性开放血脑屏障 (BBB) ,探知此方法能否增加抗生素透过BBB的量 ,在何时达到最高峰 ,其通透量增加后临床上有无不良反应。方法　采用自身配伍设计 ,共 6个样本组。对照组仅使用抗生素 ;其余 5组分别在使用甘露醇前 60、3 0min ,同时使用甘露醇后 3 0、60min使用抗生素 ,各组皆取使用抗生素后 1h的脑脊液测其抗生素浓度。抗生素选用头孢三嗪。结果　测量值经过q检验 ,经 2 0 %甘露醇处理前后的CSF中的头孢三嗪浓度差异有非常显著性。全组患者经临床观察未出现神经系统的不良反应。结论　经静脉快速输注2 0 %甘露醇后可以使透过BBB的水溶性抗生素的量增加 ,两者使用的顺序是在抗生素使用 3 0min内即给予甘露醇快速滴注。该方法不会增加低神经毒性抗生素在中枢神经系统的不良反应。     

三角韧带损伤的手术治疗

[目的]探讨踝关节三角韧带损伤的手术治疗及效果。[方法]2002年4月-2005年4月治疗伴有三角韧带损伤的踝关节骨折40例，均采用切开复位和坚强内固定，并修复重建三角韧带，恢复踝关节内外侧结构的稳定性。下胫腓联合分离仍不稳定者，给予皮质骨螺钉横向内固定。[结果]全部病例得到16个月-3a随访，平均1．5a。按齐氏疗效评定标准：优良30例，可8例，差2例，优良率75％。[结论]强调踝关节骨折切开解剖复位，坚强内固定的同时，应充分重视修复重建三角韧带。     

Influence of the design of the prosthesis on the outcome after hemiarthroplasty of the shoulder in displaced fractures of the head of the humerus

We reviewed 39 patients with displaced three- and four-part fractures of the humerus. In 21 patients (group A) we had used an anatomical prosthesis for the humeral head and in 18 (group B) an implant designed for fractures. When followed up at a mean of 29.3 months after surgery the overall Constant score was 51.9 points; in group A it was 51.5 and in group B 52.4 points. The subjective satisfaction of the patients was assessed using a numerical rating scale and was similar in both groups. In group A complete healing of the tuberosities was found in 29% and 50% in group B. Partial integration was seen in 29% of group A and in only one patient in group B, while resorption was noted in 43% of group A and 44% of group B. The functional outcome was significantly better in patients with complete or partial healing of the tuberosities (p=0.022). The specific trauma prosthesis did not lead to better healing of the tuberosities. The difference in clinical outcome obtained by the two designs did not reach statistical significance.     

Preservation of the pylorus and resection of the head of the pancreas

The historical evolution of the pylorus-preservation resection of the head of the pancreas is traced from the first resections early in this century to relative standardization of the operation, to a lowering of the operative mortality, and to an interest in improving nutritional status after resection. There are many theoretical advantages for the function of the upper gastrointestinal tract after pylorus and gastric preservation, such as maintenance of gastric capacitance and equilibration of osmotic pressure in gastric digestants, foodstuff digestion and absorption, and bowel motility. After the pylorus-preserving resection, gastric emptying is normal, pyloric function to prevent duodenal reflux is often normal, and gastric acids and serum levels of duodenal hormones are at normal levels, whereas after standard pancreatoduodenectomy, all of these are often abnormal. No prospective blinded studies have been published comparing nutritional values after the two operative procedures, but evidence is presented of a satisfactory result with regard to gastric capacitance, body weight gain, and lack of postgastrectomy symptoms. An undoubted advantage of the pylorus-preserving feature is a simplification of the operation. These gains are achieved without increase in operative mortality, without increase in the incidence of jejunal ulcer, and without theoretical or actual decrease in value of the procedure as a cancer operation, except in patients with duodenal carcinoma proximal to the ampulla of Vater.